定語從句課件 【循津引渡+建構(gòu)遷移】高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)

定語從句

定語從句她是一個漂亮的女人。Sheisabeautifulwoman.她是一個漂亮的讓我面紅的女人。Sheisabeautifulwomanwhomakesmeblush.定義：修飾名詞（或代詞）的從句。三要素：先行詞，定語從句，關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞&關(guān)系副詞）類別限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式與主句之間不用逗號隔開與主句之間用逗號隔開功能對先行詞進行限定、修飾對先行詞做附加說明先行詞名詞或名詞詞組名詞、名詞詞組或整個句子翻譯常譯成前置定語常譯成并列分句（一）定語從句的分類定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。兩者區(qū)別如下：Ihaveanelderbrotherwhoisateacher.我有一個當(dāng)老師的哥哥。Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichcontributestohissuccessinlaterlife.他上學(xué)時很努力，這有助于他后來的成功。關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,that,which,whose,as關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why定從的引導(dǎo)詞YesterdayIhelpedanoldman

who/thatlosthisway.Thetrain

which/that

leftjustnowwasforShanghai.

從句成分先行詞主語

指人who/that

指物which/that小試牛刀1.ThisisMrBrown,_____Ithinkhasexcitingnewstotellyou.A.whichB.whoseC.whomD.who2.Themarket_____isonthefloorbelow

iscloseduntilTuesday.

A.

what

B.which

C.where

D.

who答案：1.D2.BSorry,thesubscriber

who/whom/that/x

youhavedailedisbusy.Pleaserediallater.Thisisthephoto

which/that/xItook.

從句成分先行詞主語賓語

指人who/thatwho/whom/that/x

指物which/thatwhich/that/x小試牛刀1.YesterdayLiMingwenttothevillage______hevisitedfiveyearsago.A.whereB.whoC.thatD.whom答案：CHeisnolongertheman

that/x

heusedtobe.Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace

that/xitusedtobe.

從句成分先行詞主語賓語表語

指人who/thatwho/whom/that/xthat/x

指物which/thatwhich/that/x小試牛刀Myhometownisnolongertheplace_____itusedtobe.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.that答案：DMr.Liuwantstotalktothestudentswhosehomeworkhasn'tbeenhandedin.Ilikethehouse

whose

windowfacessouth.

從句成分先行詞主語賓語表語定語

指人who/thatwho/whom/that/xthat/xwhose

指物which/thatwhich/that/x小試牛刀1.Thefarmers,______houseshadbeendestroyedbytheseriousflood,weregivenhelpbythegovernment.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.whose2.Manychildren,______parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhom答案：1.D2.B

從句成分先行詞主語賓語表語定語

指人who/thatwho/whom/that/xthat/xwhose

指物which/thatwhich/that/xShestillrememberedtheday

whenhewentaway.小試牛刀Ishallneverforgettheday_____ShenZhouVwaslaunched.A.when B.thatC.which D.when答案：AThedistrictisaplace

wheremostcollegestudentslive.小試牛刀AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_____hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when答案：CThat’sthereason

whyIdon’tlikeyou.小試牛刀Thereason_____shewasillwasthatshehadeatenbadmeat.A.why

B.which

C.that

D.what答案：A（四）定語從句解題思路1.先看從句所缺句子成分：缺主、賓、表、定語，用關(guān)系代詞（that,which,who,whom,whose,as)；缺狀語，用關(guān)系副詞（when,where,why)；2.再看先行詞的指代：缺關(guān)系代詞時，看先行詞指人還是指物；缺關(guān)系副詞時，看先行詞指時間、地點還是原因。3.注意特殊情況：只用that或which，as引導(dǎo)的定語從句等。1判類型2看成分3看先行詞知識拓展1：先行詞為人，whose+n=the+n+of+whom/ofwhom+the+nThisisthescientist

whose

achievementsarewellknown.=Thisisthescientist,

theachievementsofwhom

arewellknown.=Thisisthescientist,ofwhomtheachievements

arewellknown.先行詞為物，whose+n=the+n+of+which/ofwhich+the+nTheycametoahouse

whose

backwallhadbrokendown.=Theycametoahouse,thebackwallofwhich

hadbrokendown.=Theycametoahouse,ofwhichthebackwall

hadbrokendown.小試牛刀RecentlyIboughtanancientChineseVase,_____wasveryreasonable.A.whichprice B.thepriceofwhich C.itsprice D.thepriceofwhose答案：B知識拓展2：定語從句關(guān)系詞as的用法：（1）與such,thesame,as連用，意為“像……一樣的，同……一類的”。

Heboughtthesamebikeasyoudid.

Thereisnosuchbookasyoureferto.（2）單獨用作關(guān)系代詞，在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時意為“正如”，可放在主句之前、之后或中間，且主從句之間一般要用逗號隔開。

Heisaboy,asweallknowfromhisvoice.

Ashasbeensaidbefore,wemustsolvetheproblemassoonaspossible.小試牛刀1.Sheissuchagirl______isalwaysfindingfaultwithotherpeople.A.that B.which C.who D.as2.Thenumberofsmokers,_____isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.A.it

B.which

C.what

D.as答案：1.D2.D知識點撥①只用that的情況a.先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代詞時；或者先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修飾時。

eg:Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.

1.that與which的區(qū)別知識點撥①只用that的情況b.先行詞前的修飾詞被限定時（如，形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞修飾先行詞，或theonly,thevery修飾先行詞時）。

eg:Theparkisthecleanestparksthatyoucanimagine.c.先行詞既指人又指物時。

eg:Theytalkedaboutthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.1.that與which的區(qū)別小試牛刀1.All________youcandotocomfortheristolistentoherpatiently.A.what

B.that

C.which

D.while2.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_____hehadstolentothepolice.A.which B.what C.whatever D.that3.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_____wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.which B.whom C.who D.that答案：1.B2.D3.D知識點撥②只用which的情況a.在非限制性定語從句中，指物或事只能用which。

eg:Tomstudieshardandisreadytohelpothers,whichhisparentsexpect.b.在由“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，指物只能用which。

eg:Thisisthebookaboutwhichwearetalkingnow.1.that與which的區(qū)別小試牛刀Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,_____wehadn’texpect.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what答案：C知識點撥

從句的位置as引導(dǎo)的定語從句既可放在主句前，也可在主句后，which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能放在主句后。表達(dá)意義as表示“正如”的意思（非限），常用搭配有：such＋n.＋as...和thesame＋n.＋as...（限）；which表示“這”的意思。2.as與which的區(qū)別知識點撥

as的習(xí)慣用語asweallknow眾所周知

asisknowntoall眾所周知astheoldsayinggoes常言道

asanybodycansee眾所周知ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述 asismentionedabove如上所述2.as與which的區(qū)別小試牛刀1.______weallknow,wecandevelopgoodhabitsbypracticing.A.As

B,Which

C.That

D.What2.Thenumberofsmokers,________isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.A.it

B.which

C.what

D.as3._____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.It

B.As

C.That

D.What答案：1.A2.D3.B（三）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的用法1.介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略，且不能用that。2.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時，若指人，則用“介詞+whom”；若指物，則用“介詞+which”。MycousinisapersonwithwhomIcandiscussmyhomework.TheWestLake,forwhichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的用法【拓展】“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的確定方法：一先：根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的常見搭配確定介詞。Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedour