學(xué)術(shù)英語(理工)詳解答案-Unit-5復(fù)習(xí)過程

學(xué)術(shù)英語(yīnɡyǔ)理工AcademicEnglishforScienceandEngineering第一頁，共135頁。第二頁，共135頁。UnitContents1Definition2Twotypesofresearchpaper3Writinganintroduction4Writingthebodyofasecondaryresearchessay5Writingthebodyofaprimaryresearchessay6Writingadiscussionor/andconclusion7Writinganabstract8Writingareferencelist9Academicwritingstyle10Proofreading11ListeningUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay第三頁，共135頁。1DefinitionTask1Text15GeneticallyModifiedFoods—FeedtheWorld?Text16InfluenceofGeneticallyModifiedSoyaontheBirthWeightandSurvivalofRatPupsText17ClinicalRiskAssessmentofGMFoodsTask2Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay第四頁，共135頁。1Text15isanordinaryessaywhiletext16and17areresearcharticles.2Forexample,Text16and17usemanypreviousfindingsandhavetheirabstractsandreferencelists,allofwhichText15lacks.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第五頁，共135頁。Unit5

WritinganAcademic

EssayAdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText151Definition1Whatdoes“thegeneticisoutofthebottle”meanaccordingtotheauthor?Theauthormeansthatinfact,geneticallymodifiedfoodsarealreadyverymuchapartofourlives.第六頁，共135頁。AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText152Howcanbiotechhelp?Biotechnologistshavedevelopedgeneticallymodifiedricethatisfortifiedwithbetacarotene—whichthebodyconvertsintovitaminA—andadditionaliron,andtheyareworkingonotherkindsofnutritionallyimprovedcrops.Biotechcanalsoimprovefarmingproductivityinplaceswherefoodshortagesarecausedbycropdamageattributiontopests,drought,poorsoil,andcropviruses,bacteriaorfungi.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第七頁，共135頁。AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText153Whydoestheauthorthinkthatbiotechisfarfromthewholeanswer?Indevelopingcountries,lostcropsareonlyonecauseofhunger.Povertyplaysthelargestrole.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第八頁，共135頁。EnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.5——c10——d1——b2——i3——e4——f6——h7——g8——a9——jUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第九頁，共135頁。EnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.1(基因(jīyīn)上地)engineering2advantages(比……重要)disadvantagesgreatly3(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)construction4(統(tǒng)計(jì))analysis5willsoon(解決)allthedifficulties6(金融的)institution7(嚴(yán)格的)discipline8(點(diǎn)燃)theflamesofrevolution9bein(合作)withyourpartner10a(n)(絕望的)cryforhelp11(改變)thebadhabitgeneticallyoutweighinfrastructurestatisticsresolvefinancialrigoroussparkcollaborationdesperatealterUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第十頁，共135頁。EnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.12resourcesof(可耕種的)land13(緩和)criticismwithreason14(游說(yóushuì)……以爭取)forthefunds15Heisatthe(領(lǐng)先地位).16a(n)(一系列)ofinformation17be(缺乏的)innutrition18be(限制)toadults19(沒有根據(jù)的)suspicions20Coalcanbe(使轉(zhuǎn)變)togas.21a(n)(毀滅性的)hurricane22(主要的)exportsofthiscountry23(轉(zhuǎn)變)dreamintorealitycultivabletemperlobbyleading-edgearraydeficientrestrictedunfoundedconverteddevastatingstapletransformUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第十一頁，共135頁。EnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletetheparagraph.True,GMfoodsare(已成為我們生活的一部分),andfarmers(迫切地想要)usethebiotechnologyas(能提高稻谷產(chǎn)量(chǎnliàng)),yetweneedadeepphilosophicaldiscussionofitsimplication.Westillrememberthatwhenpesticideswerefirstintroduced,theyalsowerepraisedasabsolutelysafeandasamiraclecureforfarmers.(盡管這么多保證),decadeslaterthetechnologyrevealeditstruerlethalimplications.Hence,anytechnology(應(yīng)該進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的測試)beforeitswideapplication.alreadyverymuchapartofourliveshaveastrongincentivetoitcanraiseoverallcropproductivityButforallthatpromisesubjectedtorigoroustestingshouldbeUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第十二頁，共135頁。Enhancingyouracademiclanguage1特別是在有悠久的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)(shēngchǎn)傳統(tǒng)和主張環(huán)保的游說集團(tuán)的國家里，轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。2在富裕的國家里，由于(yóuyú)有大量豐富的食品可供選擇，而且供應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過需求，所以關(guān)于生物技術(shù)的爭論相對(duì)緩和一些。3生物技術(shù)專家已經(jīng)培育出了含有(hányǒu)β-胡蘿卜素——身體可將之轉(zhuǎn)化為維生素A——和更多鐵元素的轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻，目前正在研究培育其他一些增進(jìn)營養(yǎng)成分的農(nóng)作物。TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText15intoChinese.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第十三頁，共135頁。EnhancingyouracademiclanguageTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText15intoChinese.4 轉(zhuǎn)基因的抗病毒作物可以減少(jiǎnshǎo)這種損失，就像抗干旱種子在耕地面積因缺水而受到限制的地區(qū)起到的作用一樣。5尤其在運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施落后的國家，地理?xiàng)l件對(duì)食物供給的限制(xiànzhì)正如遺傳學(xué)為食物供給帶來的希望一樣大。Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第十四頁，共135頁。AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText16WhatarethethreestudygroupsintheinvestigationoftheinfluenceofGMsoyaonthebirthrateandsurvivaloftheoffspringofWistarrats?①AgroupoffemaleratsfedbyGMsoyaflourbeforematingandpregnancy;②Acontrolgroupoffemalesfedbytraditionalsoya;③Apositivecontrolgroupreceivedfeedwithoutanysoya.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第十五頁，共135頁。AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText162WhatarethefourmainsourcesofhazardsofGMOthatarediscussedbyscientistsworldwide?1)thoseduetothenewgenes,andgeneproductsintroduced;2)unintendedeffectsinherenttothetechnology;3)interactionsbetweenforeigngenesandhostgenes;4)thosearisingfromthespreadoftheintroducedgenesbyordinarycross-pollinationaswellasbyhorizontalgenetransfer.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第十六頁，共135頁。AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText163WhatarethetwopossiblefactorsthatthenegativeeffectofGMsoyaonthenewbornpupscouldbemediated?Firstly,itcanbetheresultoftransformation,andinsertionoftheforeigngenes,whichcouldenterintothesexual/stemcells,or/andintocellsofthefetus,asitwasobservedbySchubbertetal.(1998).Secondly,negativeeffectofGMsoyacouldbemediatedbytheaccumulationofRoundupresiduesinGMsoyaresidues.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第十七頁，共135頁。EnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.5——i10——d1——f2——c3——e4——a6——h7——g8——j9——bUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第十八頁，共135頁。EnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.1Fog(限制)visibility.2Thesunrisesfromthe(水平的)line.3Earlydetectionofcancersis(重要(zhòngyào)地)important.4putacoinintothe(插入)slot5failedto(獲得)ascholarship6the(功能)ofanadjective7Themagician(改變)thefrogintoaprincess.8theofficial(文件)concerningthesaleofthisland9thedeterminate(因素)ofoureconomy10makeathorough(調(diào)查)intotheaffairrestrictshorizontalvitallyinsertionobtainfunctiontransformeddocumentsfactorinvestigationUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第十九頁，共135頁。EnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.11(堅(jiān)持)inone’sefforts12Theartworkwasa(構(gòu)成物)ofwireandtubes.13workingoutapayment(方案)14Fallingratesofchild(死亡率)arealsosignificant.15eatasmall(部分(bùfen))offood16A(殘留物)oftheshampoocanbuilduponthehair.17(承擔(dān))aprojectwithsignificance18becomplainedof(性別的)harassment19havedifficultyinbecoming(懷孕的)persistconstructschememortalityportionresidueundertakesexualpregnantUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第二十頁，共135頁。20Thedemonstrators(分配)leafletstopassers-by.21theoldsalarypaledin(相比)withtheoffer22(組織學(xué))involveslookingatcellsunderamicroscope.23I(假定)thatanagreementwilleventuallybereached.24A(n)(積累)ofdatawillbeprocessed.25Smokingis(有害的)tohealth.26All(途徑(tújìng))tothecitywereblocked.27losethe(最佳的)timetodefeattheenemy28asystemusedto(分配)ascarcecommodityEnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.distributedcomparisonHistologypresumeaccumulationdetrimentalapproachesoptimalallocateUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第二十一頁，共135頁。Accordingtoourliteraturereview,(早已得到證實(shí))thattherearediverserelationshipsbetweenearlylifefactorsandadulthealth.(以前一些論文認(rèn)為)thattheserelationshipsspanarangeofhealthoutcomeswhich,insomeinstances,manifestseveraldecadeslater.(論文假定(jiǎdìng))healthoutcomesofearlybiologicalinsultscoulddependonthesubsequentsocialandbiologicalenvironment.Ourstudiesprovethatadultdiseasewillbemorefullyunderstoodwhenaccountistakenofthecombinedeffectsofsocialandbiologicalriskoccurringatdifferentlifestages,(正如圖表五所顯示的).EnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletetheparagraph.ithasbeenwellestablishedItwasthoughtinseveralpreviouspapersItwassupposedthatasisevidentfromTable5Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第二十二頁，共135頁。Enhancingyouracademiclanguage1風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估文件(wénjiàn)中提到，被轉(zhuǎn)變植物中的轉(zhuǎn)基因成分與植物中所含的其它基因材料都在人和動(dòng)物的消化道中一并被摧毀。2因此，我們決定進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)研究來探尋雌性鼠的主要(zhǔyào)飲食為美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)大豆（一種轉(zhuǎn)基因食品）的情況下，最常見的轉(zhuǎn)基因作物對(duì)大鼠幼崽生育率、死亡率和體重增加的影響。3眾所周知，生大豆含有大量的抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)素如凝集素，胰蛋白酶抑制劑（普茲泰等人,1998），以及女性激素類物質(zhì)，因此，有必要將沒有(méiyǒu)補(bǔ)充大豆粉控制對(duì)照組的動(dòng)物與這些數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)照研究。TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText16intoChinese.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第二十三頁，共135頁。EnhancingyouracademiclanguageTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText16intoChinese.4 更令人吃驚的是，由于(yóuyú)幼崽更小，約一半大小，因此會(huì)有更多奶提供給單個(gè)的幼崽。5然而，沒有觀測(guāncè)到雌性大鼠的死亡率，也沒有觀察到存活的幼崽的死亡率，盡管它們也開始吃轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆，可以推測，（轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆的）負(fù)面影響可能被前面的兩個(gè)因素中和了。Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第二十四頁，共135頁。AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText171Whatarethemainconcernsaboutadverseeffectsofgeneticallymodifiedfoodsonhealth?Themainconcernsaboutadverseeffectsofgeneticallymodified(GM)foodsonhealtharethetransferofantibioticresistance,toxicityandallergenicity.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第二十五頁，共135頁。AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText172Whatarethefourmainapproachesbywhichplantsaremanipulatedbygenetic“engineering”?geneinsertionusingabacterialvector;(ii)microballisticimpregnation;(iii)poration(iv)geneneutralisationbymeansofantisensetechnology,homologousrecombination(geneknockout)andgenereplacement.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第二十六頁，共135頁。AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText173ComparedtowhichareGMfoodsapreciseandsafemannerofgeneticalterationinplants?Traditionalplantbreedingmethods.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第二十七頁，共135頁。EnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.5——a10——h1——c2——f3——i4——g6——b7——d8——j9——eUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第二十八頁，共135頁。1(嚴(yán)厲的)safetymeasures2(操作)thelightstogetthedesirableeffect3(辨別)betweenrightandwrong4(促使)hertorenewherinsurance5(進(jìn)步(jìnbù))inone’scareer6The(方案)nolongerseemsunrealistic.7(推論)aconclusionfromfacts8close(繁殖)9a(n)(相反的)decisionEnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.stringentmanipulatedistinguishpromptadvancescenarioderivebreedingadverseUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第二十九頁，共135頁。EnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.10illness(導(dǎo)致)byoverwork11(引起)one’sinterest12agreat(多樣的)ofmethods13(保持)appearanceofyouth14(共識(shí))politics15(轉(zhuǎn)移)ofwealthfromtaxpayerstosavers16social(穩(wěn)定(wěndìng))17makeafew(改變)tothehouse18(合并)oftheorganizationinducedprovokediversityretainconsensustransferstabilityalterationsincorporationUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第三十頁，共135頁。19a(n)(關(guān)鍵的)pointinthecampaign20asomewhathaphazardand(斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的)schooling21the(取代(qǔdài))ofconventionalweaponsbynuclearweapons22(修改)athesis23loss(估計(jì))24aTVprogram(著重反映)theunemploymentproblemEnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.criticaldiscontinuousreplacementreviseassessmenthighlightingUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第三十一頁，共135頁。(有證據(jù)表明)thebenefitsofcloningarelimitless.(提供了一種可能)abletocreatehumanorgansinordertoreplacefaultyones.(還確保這樣一種可能)stemcellsthatcouldbeusedtocureterminalillnesses,cancer,andseveralotherphysicalanomalies.(盡管這個(gè)(zhège)技術(shù)有很多潛在優(yōu)點(diǎn)),(但出現(xiàn)一些深深的擔(dān)憂，涉及到)medicalandethicalproblems.EnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletetheparagraph.ThereisevidencethatItoffersapossibilityofbeingcreatingpotentialbenefitsofthistechnologyseriousconcernshavebeenraisedconcerningbothItalsoensureaprobabilityofDespiteUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition(Tobecontinued)第三十二頁，共135頁。EnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletetheparagraph.(主要(zhǔyào)的擔(dān)憂是)thefrighteningpossibilitiesofthecreationof“super-humans”withunnaturalphysicalandmentalcapabilitiesandidealized“perfectchildren”forprospectiveparents.Hence,(我們要謹(jǐn)慎發(fā)展)inthefuture,assessingcloning(在把其運(yùn)用到實(shí)踐中之前，考慮其優(yōu)點(diǎn)和危險(xiǎn)性).ThemainconcernsareonthebasisofitsmeritsandriskspriortoapplyingitintopracticaluseproceedcautiouslyUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definitionweneedto第三十三頁，共135頁。Enhancingyouracademiclanguage1詳細(xì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：巴西堅(jiān)果中2S蛋白是巴西堅(jiān)果的主要(zhǔyào)過敏原；轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆中的最新顯露的蛋白保持了其過敏性，因此，可能促使對(duì)巴西堅(jiān)果過敏的病人發(fā)生臨床反應(yīng)。2第二個(gè)問題是：由于不清楚為什么有的蛋白過敏，而有的不會(huì)，因此更難預(yù)測新的轉(zhuǎn)基因是否表達(dá)(biǎodá)新的過敏原、是否導(dǎo)致再次過敏。3但是也存在(cúnzài)明顯的例外，特別是關(guān)于水果過敏原，缺乏這些特征就不能大膽地預(yù)測蛋白不引發(fā)過敏。TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText17intoChinese.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第三十四頁，共135頁。EnhancingyouracademiclanguageTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText17intoChinese.4 不能根據(jù)氨基酸序列同源性來預(yù)測交叉反應(yīng)性通常是因?yàn)檎郫B(zhédié)蛋白中出現(xiàn)了不連續(xù)（非線性）氨基酸序列組成的構(gòu)象型抗原。5有一致的報(bào)道建議：對(duì)食物的逐級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)應(yīng)考慮基因的來源、與已知過敏原進(jìn)行的氨基酸序列對(duì)比(duìbǐ)、免疫學(xué)分析（體外和體內(nèi)的）以及基因產(chǎn)物的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)。Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第三十五頁，共135頁。1Geneticallymodifiedcropsarethemostsuccessfulagriculturalinnovationinhistory.They’regoodfortheenvironmentbecausetheykeeplesscarbondioxidegoingfromthesoilintotheatmosphereandtheyreducepesticideuse.What’smore,theyincreasecropyield,thusreducingtheuseofmoreagriculturalareasandimprovingsoilquality.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第三十六頁，共135頁。2ThespeakerhassimilaropinionasthewriterofText15.TheyhavepositiveattitudetowardsGMfoodasitcanincreasecropyieldandsolvetheproblemsofstarvationandsoil.ButthewriterofText16isverycautiousaboutGMfood,whoseexperimentprovesthattherearesomeharmfulinfluenceofGMfoodonthebirth-weightandsurvivalofratpups.ThewriterofText17isalittlemoreoptimisticthoughtherearesomeadverseeffectsofGMfoods.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay1Definition第三十七頁，共135頁。2TwotypesofresearchpaperTwotypesofresearchpaperTask1Task2Task3Task4Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay第三十八頁，共135頁。Therearetwomajorkindsofacademicpaper:

primaryresearchpaper:thestudyofasubjectthroughfirsthandinvestigation,involvingpresentingoriginalideasandinformationonyourown

---survey-or-experiment-basedresearch

secondaryresearchpaper:involvinggatheringandanalyzingtheresearchfindingsfromotherpeople’sresearch

---library-or-Internet-basedresearchUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay2Twotypesofresearchpaper第三十九頁，共135頁。1Text16isaprimaryresearchessaywhileText17asecondaryresearchone.2Text16containsamethodssectionasitconductsanempiricalstudy.Text17,however,isanpersuasivearticlebasedontheanalysisofpreviousandcurrentresearchfindings.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay2Twotypesofresearchpaper第四十頁，共135頁。1Thefirstabstractisfromthearticleofprimaryresearch,andthesecondoneisformsecondaryresearch.Accordingtotheabstract,thearticlecarriesoutasmallscalesurveydesignedtoascertaindetailsofstudentknowledgeandmisconceptionsabouttheseenvironmentalissues.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay2Twotypesofresearchpaper第四十一頁，共135頁。Intheintroductionpartofhispaperhedevisessuchresearchquestionsas“”willtheconsumers’acceptanceofGMfoldsvaryfromfoodtofood?”,“Isthereanydifferentchangeinthecollegestudents’attitudetowarddifferentGMfoodproducts?”andsoon.Themethodheusesisthequestionnaireswhichareadministeredtostudentsofdifferentmajors.Themethodisappropriateforitcanelicittheanswers.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay2Twotypesofresearchpaper第四十二頁，共135頁。Topic1.Yes.Interviewswithsomeofthestudentswillbemuchbetter.Topic2.Yes.Topic3.Yes.Interviewswithsomeexpertsinthisfieldwillbemuchbetter.Topic4.Yes.Interviewswithsomeofthechildrenwillbemuchbetter.Topic5.YesTopic6.YesTopic7.YesUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay2Twotypesofresearchpaper第四十三頁，共135頁。Topic8.Yes.Interviewswithsomeofthestudentswillbemuchbetter.Topic9.Yes.Topic10.Yes.Topic11.Someexperimentswillbemuchbetter.Topic12.Yes.Topic13.Yes.Interviewswithsomeofthesubjectswillbemuchbetter.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay2Twotypesofresearchpaper第四十四頁，共135頁。ElementsofanintroductionHowtomakethestatementofpurposeTask1Task2Task3Task43WritinganintroductionUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay第四十五頁，共135頁。Elementsofanintroduction:

1)Introducethetopicorproblemwithwhichtheresearchessayisconcerned.2)Giveacleardefinitionofthetopicandoftherelatedkeyterms.3)Providetherelevantbackgroundinformation/contextofthetopic.4)

Reviewthepreviousrelatedstudiesandpointouttheirlimitationifnecessary.5)

Statethepurpose/objectiveoftheessay.6)

Introducethetheoreticalperspectivestheessaymightuse.7)

Justifyyourchoiceofthetopicorgivethereasonsforyourresearch.8)

Explainhowtheessaywillbeorganized(theoutlineoftheessay).Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay3Writinganintroduction第四十六頁，共135頁。Howtomakethestatementofpurpose:Purpose+ActionVerb+TopicUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay3Writinganintroduction第四十七頁，共135頁。Functions

TheSentenceNumberIntroductiontothetopicBackgroundinformationJustificationDefinitionofkeytermsWriter’spurposeThesisstatementOutlineofstructureC

A

E

B

G

D

F

Thewholeintroduction:CADBEGFUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay3Writinganintroduction第四十八頁，共135頁。Paragraph1:Sentences1-2——thetopicandbackgroundSentence3——areviewofthepreviousstudySentences4-5——limitationorproblemsParagraph2:Sentences1-3——reasonsandrationalforthestudyParagraph3:purposeandstructureUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay3Writinganintroduction第四十九頁，共135頁。Paragraph1:Sentence1——definitionSentence2——backgroundParagraph2:Sentences1-2——topicSentences3-8——reviewofthepaststudiesParagraph3:reviewofthepaststudiesParagraph4:Sentence1——limitationSentence2——purposeUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay3Writinganintroduction第五十頁，共135頁。1Function:

Establishthespecifictopic2Function:

Introducethepresentmethodology3Function:

Statethepurposeand/ortheprincipalactivities4Function:

OfferabriefstructureofthewholepaperUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay3Writinganintroduction第五十一頁，共135頁。DefinitionStepstowritethebodysectionofthesecondaryresearchessayText18PhysicalEffectsofMarijuanaUseOrganizationsCommontypesoforganizationTask2Task34WritingthebodyofasecondaryresearchessayUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay第五十二頁，共135頁。Stepstowritethebodysectionofthesecondaryresearchessay:1)Evaluateallsourcematerialsyouhavegathered;2)Designthestructureororganizationofyouessayaccordingtoresearchquestions,suchascauseandeffect,orcomparisonandcontrast;3)Arrangetheargumentsinalogicalorderaccordingtothechosenstructure;4)Selectandorganizesourcematerialstoillustratetheideasofthetopicsentencesrespectively.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay4Writingthebodyofthesecondaryresearchessay第五十三頁，共135頁。AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText181Whatarethefactorsthathavetobeconsideredinordertoevaluatesomeoftheresearch?Thefirstaspectistheamountofthedoseoftetrahydrocannabinol(THC),themajoringredientinmarijuana.Anotherfactoristhekindofpersonusingmarijuana.Also,thenon-drugfactorofsettingmustbeconsideredinevaluatingtheresultsofexperimentalstudies.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay4Writingthebodyofthesecondaryresearchessay第五十四頁，共135頁。AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText182Whataresomeoftheshort-termeffectsofmarijuanause?Increaseinpulserate,reddeningoftheeyes,drynessofthemouthandthroatandincreasingfrequencyofurination,increasedhunger,musclestrengthandperformanceofsimplemotortasks,auditorysensibility,visualacuity,andaestheticappreciationofmusic,etc.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay4Writingthebodyofthesecondaryresearchessay第五十五頁，共135頁。AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText183Whataresomeoftheareastobeinvestigatedfromtheauthor’spointofview?Fromtheauthor’spointofview,cardiovascularsystems,gastrointestinalfunction,liverfunction,neuro-endocrineeffectsofmarijuana,andlungfunctionarethemainareastobeinvestigated.Unit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay4Writingthebodyofthesecondaryresearchessay第五十六頁，共135頁。EnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.5——e10——f1——j2——h3——b4——c6——i7——a8——g9——dUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay4Writingthebodyofthesecondaryresearchessay第五十七頁，共135頁。1achildbornwithsome(不正常)2theattractionbetweenan(抗原)andanantibody3different(種類)ofbooksinalibrary4Thesharesare(當(dāng)前)beingquotedat54penceashare.5apolicewithmental(敏銳)6a(n)(長期的)unemploymentproblem7Healwayswantstobethe(焦點(diǎn))ofattention.8getanewjobandanewsetofwork(聯(lián)系，關(guān)系(guānxì))9Cigarettescanaggravatethe(癥狀)ofacold.10Thatfamilyisa(世襲的)ruler.EnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.abnormalityantigencategoriescurrentlyacuitychronicfocusassociationssymptomhereditaryUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay4Writingthebodyofthesecondaryresearchessay第五十八頁，共135頁。11Thepresentinternationalsituation(保持)tense.12Therearemanyserioushealthhazards(聯(lián)系(liánxì))withsmoking.13(微弱的)breathingandvoice14(懷疑)one’shonesty15Doyouknowthe(成分)ofthemixture?16offendthereaders’(感情)17livedinconditionsofverybad(環(huán)境衛(wèi)生)18gainin(美學(xué)的)knowledge19Temperaturegovernstherateofall(生物化學(xué)的)processes.EnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.remainsassociatedfaintsuspectconstituentsensibilitiessanitationaestheticbiochemicalUnit5

WritinganAcademic

Essay4Writingthebodyofthesecondaryresearchessay第五十九頁，共135頁。20Bodiesneedadequate(營養(yǎng)).21(作總結(jié))onapositivenote22Themeetingterminatedin(混亂).23ItisFrance(對(duì)抗)Brazilinthefinal.24The(生理的)needsarereasonablysatisfied.25keepits(效力(xiàolì))ofthemedicine26Don’t(妨礙)withmybusiness.27serious(神經(jīng)學(xué)的)complications28They(歸因于)theirsuccesstotheirteacher’sencouragement.EnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompleteth