模塊五非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

模塊五非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的定義和形式：什么是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞？非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有哪些形式：以do為例

時(shí)態(tài)三種形式一般式進(jìn)行式完成式不定式主動(dòng)todotobedoingtohavedone被動(dòng)tobedonetohavebeendoneV-ing(動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞）主動(dòng)doinghavingdone被動(dòng)beingdonehavingbeendone過(guò)去分詞主動(dòng)done被動(dòng)非謂形式123，過(guò)去分詞最簡(jiǎn)單；現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞，兩種形式記心間；不定式形式有三種，完成、進(jìn)行和一般。口訣：二、熟練掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的功能：主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)獨(dú)立成分不定式動(dòng)名詞分詞現(xiàn)在過(guò)去掌握三種謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的六大區(qū)別試一試：寫出clean和write的各種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：考點(diǎn)：考點(diǎn)一“非謂”做主語(yǔ)：不定式與動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別Eg.1.Seeingisbelieving.2.Toseeistobelieve.

動(dòng)名詞表示一般平常的行為，是經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。動(dòng)詞不定式表示將來(lái)的具體某一次的動(dòng)作3.Sendingane-mailisquitecommontoday.4.Tosendane-mailtoyouismytasktoday.6.Itismytasktosendane-mailtoyoutoday.習(xí)慣搭配：Itisnogood(use,need)doing...Itisworthwhile(useless)doing...Thereisnodoing...不可能做...Itisawasteoftimedoing...5.這一次很難拒絕他。Torefusehimisnoteasythistime.(不能用動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ))（不能用不定式）Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.Thereisnodenyingthefactthat...毋庸置疑考點(diǎn)二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ):Mydutyistocleantheclassroomthisafternoon.I’macleaner,myjobiscleaningtheteachingbuilding.2.現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)：Theworkwastiring.Theworkersweresoontired.起這種作用，主動(dòng)受這種影響，被動(dòng)3.動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)：Myjobisteaching.Myjobisinteresting.動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于名詞，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)位置可以互換現(xiàn)在分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，表語(yǔ)不可與主語(yǔ)調(diào)換位置三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式都可以作表語(yǔ)：1.動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)：一、有些動(dòng)詞要接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，是習(xí)慣用法:decide,wait,want,hope/wish/expect,refuse,...口訣：決心等待想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝；主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫幫忙；負(fù)擔(dān)得起需奮斗，威脅碰巧也渴望。ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.Thegirlstruggledtogetawayfromherattacker.考點(diǎn)三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可作賓語(yǔ)二、有些動(dòng)詞要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，也是習(xí)慣用法:consider,suggest,lookforwardto,excuse...口訣：考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲再設(shè)想；避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞；禁止感激又冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。Hegotwell-preparedfortheinterview,forhecouldn’trisklosingthegoodopportunity.Haveyoueverconsideredrunningacompany?有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后面也要跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：leadto,beusedto,devoteto,gobackto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,lookforwardto,giveup,insiston，appologizefor,bebusy(in),havedifficulty(in),haveagoodtime(in)，spendtime(in)，feellikeIlookforwardtogoingabroadforfurtherstudy.三、有些動(dòng)詞既可跟動(dòng)名詞，又可跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，有幾種情況：意義相近：begin,start,learn,cease2.意義有些區(qū)別:like,love,care,hate,prefer3.意義區(qū)別較大：Theybegantoclean(cleaning)theclassroomassoonastheygottoschool.Ilearnedtoswim(swimming)athighschool.IlikeswimmingbutIdon’tliketoswiminthecoldweathertoday.Heprefersswimmingtodancinginsummer.Hepreferstohavearesttoday.這些動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，表示一般的傾向，是經(jīng)常性的接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，表示特定的具體行為，是一次性的forget,remember,try,mean,stop,regret,goon,can’thelp練習(xí)：1.Shedidn’tremember_______(meet)himbefore.2.We’vealwaysregreted_______(sell)thehouse.3.--Whendoyouplantoleave?--Imean_______(leave)tomorrow.4.Thisdictionarycan’thelp______(learn)thelanguage.4.在動(dòng)詞allow,permit,advise,forbid后面跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如果需要賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，則要用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)allow/permit/advise/forbidsb.todosth.doingsth.Weforbidsmokinghere,butweallowyoutosmokeforawhile.5.want,need,require在表示某事“需要被做”時(shí)，可以用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)，也可用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語(yǔ)翻譯：窗戶需要擦一下。Thewindowneeds/wants/requirescleaningtobecleaned6.worth和worthy兩個(gè)形容詞后的賓語(yǔ)：翻譯：這個(gè)地方值得參觀Thisplaceisworthvisiting.Thisplaceisworthytobevisited.Thisplaceisworthyofbeingvisited.Thisplaceisworthyofavisit.練習(xí)：用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Hewouldlike______(sing)thissongnowDoyoufeellike_______(have)acupoftea?Ourschooldon’tallow______(cheat)inexams.Theextramoneywillallowus______(buy)acar.Thisbookisworth_______(read).Thisbookisworthyof_______(read).Allcarsrequire______(service)regularly.四、在介詞but,otherthan（除了）后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，如果介詞前面有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，動(dòng)詞不定式就省略to.Eg.1.Wehadnochoicebuttowait.2.Wecoulddonothingbut/otherthanwait.習(xí)慣搭配：在cannot(choose/help)but...(只好)hadbetter,wouldrather...后面的動(dòng)詞不定式也要省略toEg.3.Hecannotchoosebutstayon.4.Icannotbutagreetohisterms.5.Thegirlcannothelpbutwaitforhermother.五、連接詞+不定式，常在以下動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)：tell/show/understand/explainteach/learn/advice/discuss/askdecide/know/wonder/findout+what/how/whetherwhere/when/who+todo但why后面加不帶to的不定式Eg.1.Heshowedushowtodothework.2.Wemustdecidewhethertostayortogo.3.Wehaven’tdiscussedwhentostartourprogram.4.Canyoutellmewhydoit?考點(diǎn)四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞都可以作定語(yǔ)一、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式表將來(lái)修飾被序數(shù)詞,最高級(jí)或no,all,any等限定的中心詞，且與中心詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系3.用來(lái)修飾的詞是抽象名詞時(shí)用不定式Thecartobeboughtisforhissister.Theoldmanistheprofessortogiveusalecture.Hewasthebestmantodothejob.Youhavealastquestiontoanswer.Wedemandallthememberstoattendthemeeting.ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,answer,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,timeDoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteinEnglish?Ihavenochancetogosightseeing.Onecanthinkoutmanyreasonstobeabsentfromclass.4.作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面要有相應(yīng)的介詞。Doyouneedapentowritewith?Ihavenopapertotakedownyourtelephonenumberon.TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.但是，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time,place,way時(shí)，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣省去。Ihavenomoneyandnoplacetolive(in).Wehavenotime

tospend(in)quarrelingwithyou.5.作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞，如果是動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的承受者，可用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義，也可用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式，但其含義有所不同Ourmanagerhavemanyworktodo.Ourmanagerhavemanyworktobedone.經(jīng)理自己做經(jīng)理叫別人去做I’llflytoAmericanextweekandIhavemanythingstotake.I’llstartofftomorrow.Doyouhaveanythingtobebroughttoyourbrother?主語(yǔ)自己帶主語(yǔ)托別人帶去二、分詞作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式：doing(主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行）

beingdone（被動(dòng)進(jìn)行）；done（被動(dòng)完成）Iturnedroundandsawacarrunningtowardsme.Thehousesbeingbuiltarefortheteachers.Ipickedupacellphonelostinataxi.2.不及物動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：fallingleavesfallenleavesboilingwaterboiledwaterdevelopingcountrydevelopedcountry現(xiàn)在分詞表示進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示完成1.Doyouliketheroom__________byher?cleanedB.beingcleanedC.tobecleanedD.havingbeencleaned非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示被動(dòng)：cleaned，過(guò)去分詞表示“被動(dòng)+完成”beingcleaned,現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式表示“被動(dòng)+進(jìn)行”tobecleaned,動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式表示“被動(dòng)+將來(lái)”havingbeencleaned,現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式表示分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前，like是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不能搭配練習(xí)：2.Doyouknowtheboy_____(lie)underthebigtree?3.ManyfearedthatColumbuswouldfallofftheedgeoftheearth,________(believe)tobeflat.4.Thespeechwhichhemade_________(concern)thefootballmatchboredalotoffanstodeath.5.Ifthebuildingproject____________(complete)bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.三、動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)與分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：試比較：runningmachinewashingmachine運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的機(jī)器洗衣機(jī)swimmingboyswimmingpool正在游泳的男孩游泳池boilingwaterdrinkingwater沸水飲用水現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作是由所修飾的名詞發(fā)出的進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作。動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作表示所修飾名詞的一般用途。考點(diǎn)五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞都可以做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一、感官動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：二、使役動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)see/watch/lookat/notice/observe/hear/listento+賓+補(bǔ)Isawthewomancrossthestreet.Isawthewomancrossingthestreet.IheardthissongbeingsungbyagirlwhenIpassedbytheroom.IhaveneverheardthesongsunginEnglish.表主動(dòng)，全過(guò)程表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，瞬間被動(dòng)進(jìn)行被動(dòng)完成1.make/have/let+賓+doget+賓+todoThebossmadetheboyworktwelvehoursaday.Mothergotmetostayathomealone.2.have(make/let)+賓語(yǔ)+doingsth.讓/使....持續(xù)做某事get+賓語(yǔ)+doing讓/使....開始行動(dòng)起來(lái)Eg.1)Farmershadthemachinesworkingallthetime.2)Canyougetmywatchgoingagain?3.have/get/make+賓語(yǔ)+done使得某事被做使...遭受...Hemadehisideaknowntohisparents.I’llgotoworkbybustodaybecauseI’vehadmycarrepaired.Tomhadhislegbrokenwhileplayingfootball.三、leave等動(dòng)詞后的賓補(bǔ)用法:leave+賓語(yǔ)+doingleave+賓語(yǔ)+undoneLeave+賓語(yǔ)+todo/tobedone使...保持某種狀態(tài)留下某事未做留下...去做.../被做It’swrongtoleavethecomputerworking.It’sawastetoleavethewaterrunningfromthetap.Heleftmuchworkunfinishedbecausehewasill.Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched,becausetheydidn’ttastedeliciousHeleft,leavingmetodoalltherestwork.Wehurriedlyendedthemeeting,leavingmanyproblemstobesettled.四、常跟不定式做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encause,expect,forbid,force,getintend,invite,like,love,order,persuade,prefer,require,teach,remind,tell,want,warn,wish,think,waitfor,callon,dependonEg.1)Wedon’tallowanyonetobreaktheregulation.2)Thedoctorwarnedhimnottoeattoomuchmeat.五、下列結(jié)構(gòu)常用不定式做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)+be+said/believed/reported/known/considered/found/thought/supposed+動(dòng)詞不定式各種形式Heissaidtohavegoneabroad.Anewsatelliteisreportedtobelaunchednextyear.Heatisconsideredtobeaformofenergy.練習(xí)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空Theteacheraskedus_________somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake2.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered________clearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued3.I_______himtogiveupsmoking,buthewouldn’tlisten.persuadedB.advisedC.suggestedD.Provided用適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式填空：4.Heisthought________(invent)thefirsttelephoneintheworld.5.Allenissaid_______(design)anewcomputerprogramrecently,butIdon’tknowwhenshewillfinishit.考點(diǎn)六、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)和分詞結(jié)構(gòu)都能作狀語(yǔ)一、不定式作狀語(yǔ)常表原因、目的和結(jié)果常跟不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)的形容詞：happy,astonished,glad,sorry,amazed,surprised,sad,embarrased,annoied,disappointed等。Hewasdisappointedtohearaboutthenews.Shefeltembarrasedtobequestionedabouthermarriage.Thegirlisveryhappytobeelectedthemornitor.2.動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可做目的狀語(yǔ):Hehadtogetupatsixo’clocktocatchtheearlybus.強(qiáng)調(diào)目的時(shí)，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)還常變化成inorderto,soasto不能用于句首Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.Inordertocatchtheearlybus,hegotupveryearly.3.動(dòng)詞不定式表示結(jié)果：Eg.1)MygrandmotherlivedtoseetheliberationofChina.常用來(lái)表示結(jié)果的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)：too...to.../enoughto.../onlyto...2)Sheistootiredtodothejob.3)Youarewiseenoughnottosellthehouse.4)Wehurriedtothestationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.否定意義表示事與愿違的結(jié)果二、分詞作狀語(yǔ)1.作狀語(yǔ)的分詞形式和意義：形式意義v.-ing(doing)與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，與主句動(dòng)作基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生having+v.-edhavingdone與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，先于主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生v.-ed(done)與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系being+v.-edbeingdone與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，一般在句首做原因狀語(yǔ)havingbeen+v.-ed(done)與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且先于主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生2.分詞作狀語(yǔ)的基本原則：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子主語(yǔ)保持一致，句子主語(yǔ)必須是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者，否則不能用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)。1）Lookingoutofthewindow,therewerelotsofpeopleinfrontofthebuilding.2)Waitingforabus,abrickfellonmyhead.3)Arrivinghome,thedoorwasfoundlocked.wesawlotsofpeople...WhenIwaswaitingforabus,

abrick....Ifoundthedoorwaslocked.3.分詞作狀語(yǔ)的句法功能：分詞可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式和伴隨狀況。Eg.1)Havingcleanedtheclassroom,thegirlwenthomewithherclassmates.2)Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.3)Notknowingwhattodonext,Iwanttoaskforyouradvice.4)Givenmoretime,Iwouldbeabletofinishthepainting.5)Thepupleswentoutoftheteachingbuilding,singingandlaughing.6)Seriouslyinjured,Annwasrushedtothehospital.7)Unlessaskedtoanswerquestions,youshouldn’ttalkinclass.8)Mycarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.9)Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.時(shí)間時(shí)間原因條件伴隨原因條件結(jié)果讓步4.分詞獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)：有些分詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，與主句之間只有意義上的聯(lián)系而沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法關(guān)系，稱作獨(dú)立成分：GenerallyspeakingFranklyspeakingJudgingfrom/by...Considering...ToconsiderationSeeing...Supposing...Assuming...Given...Provided...Providing...Comparedto/with...Tobehonest...Totellyouthetruth...Saving...Admitting...一般來(lái)說(shuō)坦白地說(shuō)根據(jù)...來(lái)判斷考慮到...鑒于....條件原因假如假設(shè)條件除非，除了....雖說(shuō)，即使...讓步-Eg.1)Consideringyourhealth,you’dbetterhavearest.2)Judgingfromyouraccent,youarefromthesouth.3)Totellyouthetruth,I’malittletired.4)Providedwegetgoodweather,itwillbeasuccessfulholiday.5)Admittingheisagoodstudent,Idon’tthinkheisfitforthework.5.分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)：分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)是一致的（獨(dú)立成分除外）但有時(shí)分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者并非句子主語(yǔ)，分詞前面帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu):Eg.1)WorkingtogetherwithDr.Bethune,welearnedalotfromhim.2)Nothavingdoneitright,Itriedagain.名詞（代詞）+doing(done)3)Weatherpermitting,we’llgatherinthewheattomorrow.4)Themeeting(being)over,wealllefttheroom.5)Thisdone,wecanhavearest.6)Theirroomwasonthesecondfloor,itsbroadwindowoverlookingthepark.7)Weredoubledourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo.8)Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors,silverbeingthebestofall.條件時(shí)間時(shí)間伴隨情況方式伴隨情況分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示原因或伴隨情況時(shí)，常在邏輯主語(yǔ)前加with,構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with+名詞（代詞）+分詞短語(yǔ)Eg.1)Theoldmanoftentakesawalkaftersupperwithhisdogfollowinghim.2)Withalltheworkfinished,theywenthome.考點(diǎn)七非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：2.動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者（邏輯主語(yǔ)）如果不是句子主語(yǔ)，就要構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：forsb.todosth.比較：Hewasanxioustomeetyou.Hewasanxiousforhissistertomeetyou.Hewillbeproudtowinthegoldmedal.Thefatherwillbeproudforhissontowinthegoldmedal.It’simportantfor