現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的異同課件

現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞用法之異同一、現(xiàn)在分詞作定語

1.現(xiàn)在分詞單獨作定語，通常放在所修飾詞前。例如：

ThesleepingboyisTom.

2.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語放在所修飾詞的后面，意思同定語從句差不多。例如：

Tellthechildrenplayingoutsidenottomaketoomuchnoise.=Tellthechildrenwhoareplayingoutsidenottomaketoomuchnoise.現(xiàn)在分詞強調動作正在進行，側重于主動。過去分詞強調動作已經(jīng)完成，側重于被動；

（1）現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行；過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成。例如：1.developingcountry發(fā)展中國家（正在發(fā)展的）developedcountry發(fā)達國家（已發(fā)展的）2.boilingwater沸水（正在沸騰的水）boiledwater開水（已燒開了的水，可能已涼了）3.fallingleaves正在飄落的樹葉fallenleaves落葉（已落下的樹葉）（2）現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動；過去分詞表示被動。例如：1.amovingfilm一部感人的電影（主動）themovedpeople被感動的人們（被動）ing形式表示“令人感到…”，指主語和被修飾詞給人的感覺，過去分詞表示“感到…”，指主語和被修飾詞的感覺。anexcitinggame一場令人感到激動的比賽theexcitedpeople感到激動的人們①Therewasaterriblenoise___________thesuddenburstoflight.(MET1989)

A.followedB.following

C.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed

分析：B。表示主動的動作，句意是：雷聲跟著閃電。此處的following＝whichfollowed。

②Hesawa________birdandraisedhisbow.

A.flyB.flying

C.flewD.tobeflying

分析：B。表示正在進行的動作，句意是：正在飛的鳥。此處的aflyingbird＝abirdwhichwasflying。

③Iwassatisfiedwiththe_________speech.

A.exciteB.exciting

C.excitedD.beexcited

分析：B。表示被修飾詞speech的性質和特征，此處的theexcitingspeech＝thespeechthat/whichwasexciting。2.TheOlympicGames,____in776B.C.,didn’tincludewomenuntil1912.

A.firstplaying B.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayed D.tobeplaying

簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分是一個作定語、修飾TheOlympicGames的后置分詞短語；再根據(jù)TheOlympicGames對于動詞play來說只能是被動承受，且已完成(in776B.C.)。因此，該題應選C。3.What’sthelanguage____inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak

簡析：該題應選B。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達被動，等于定語從句whichisspoken4.Mostofthepeople____tothepartywerefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting簡析：該題應選A。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達被動，等于定語從句whowereinvited6.Thecomputercentre,____lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened簡析：該題應選D。測試過去分詞短語作定語放在所修飾的名詞后，可以用非限制性定語從句“whichwasopenedlastyear”代替7.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written簡析：該題應選D。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達被動，等于定語從句whichwerewritten二、分詞作表語

共同點：分詞作表語時，它起著形容詞的作用。

不同點：分詞作表語時，句子的主語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞作表語時，與其邏輯主語之間是主動關系，所表示的動作的一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關系，所示動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生。1.Thisnewssounds____.A.encouragingB.encouragedC.encourageD.toencourage簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分在句中應作表語，因為sounds在此句中用作連系動詞；再根據(jù)Thenews對于動詞encourage來說應是主動關系，即這個消息本身就鼓舞人心。因此，該題應選A。2.-HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?-Well,hisfatherseems____withhisresults.A.pleasingB.pleaseC.pleasedD.toplease簡析：首先,根據(jù)語法分析可知,待選部分在句中應作表語。因為seems在此句中用作連系動詞;再根據(jù)hisfather對于動詞please來說應是被動關系,即這個結果使他的父親高興;換言之,他的父親因為受到這個結果的刺激而感到高興。因此,該題應選C。3.-Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?-Theygotvery____.A.exciteB.excitedC.excitedlyD.exciting簡析：該題應選B。測試他們被那出新戲所打動。三、分詞作賓語補足語

現(xiàn)在分詞用作賓語補足語表示的是一個正在進行的主動動作，即賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主謂關系，分詞所表示的動作與謂語所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，且分詞的動作處于持續(xù)狀態(tài)。常見的可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語的動詞主要有兩類：a)

感官動詞：如see、hear、watch、find、feel、smell、observe、notice、lookat、listentoetc.b)

使役動詞（部分）：如have、keep、get、catch、leave、setetc.e.g.Theykeptmewaitingforanhourintherain.

It’squiteinterestingtolookatpeopleplayingchess.注：應用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，應掌握好三個“區(qū)別”：1）

要注意現(xiàn)在分詞主動式（表進行）和不定式作賓補（表過程）的用法；e.g.Iheardhimsingingthesonginthenextroom.

Iheardhimsingthesong.2）

要注意現(xiàn)在分詞被動式作賓語補足語（表正在進行的被動動作）和不定式作賓語補足語（表將來的被動動作）的區(qū)別；e.g.Wefoundhimbeingservedinthehall.

Theywantedustobeservedlikeforeigners.3）

要注意現(xiàn)在分詞被動式與過去分詞作賓語的用法；兩者都表示被動，但所表示的動作時間有區(qū)別。現(xiàn)在分詞被動式作賓語補足語表示正在進行著的被動動作，而過去分詞做賓語補足語表示已經(jīng)完成了的被動動作。在這里告訴大家一個簡單好記方法：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動、表進行；過去分詞表被動、表完成。e.g.Theysawtheirshopwindowsbeingpaintedbytwoworkers.

Theysawtheirshopwindowspainted.

①Soontheycouldseethesteam_________fromthewetclothes.

A.riseB.rising

C.risenD.berising

分析：B。句意：很快他們看見蒸汽從濕衣服上升起。rising現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，表示正在進行的動作。

②Themissingboyswerelastseen________neartheriver.(NMET1994)

A.playingB.tobeplaying

C.playD.toplay

分析：A。句意：失蹤的男孩們最后被看到時是他們正在河邊玩?！，F(xiàn)在分詞作主語補足語。1.Thenextmorningshefoundtheman____inbed,dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying簡析:首先,根據(jù)語法分析可知,待選部分在句中應作賓補,補充說明賓語theman;再根據(jù)賓語theman對于動詞lie來說應是主動關系,而且,lie這個動作與謂語動詞found同時進行。因此,該題應選A。2.-Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?-I’dliketohavethepackage____,madam.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed簡析:首先,根據(jù)語法分析可知,待選部分在句中應作賓補,補充說明賓語thepackage;再根據(jù)thepackage對于動詞weigh來說,只能是被動關系。因此，該題應選D。3.IcanhardlyimaginePeter____acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sail B.sailing C.tosailD.tohavesailed簡析:該題應選B。測試動詞imagine后要求跟動名詞,Peter是動名詞的邏輯主語。4.Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeeltheair____againstyourface.A.movedB.movingC.movesD.tomove簡析:該題應選B。測試使役動詞后用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補表示賓語正發(fā)出的動作。四、分詞作狀語

共同點：分詞作狀語時，一般在句子中作時間、原因、方式或伴隨等狀語。

不同點：分詞作狀語時，句子的主語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，與其邏輯主語之間是主動關系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關系，所示動作一般發(fā)生謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生。

③________fromthetopofthehill,wecanfindthatthecitylooksmorebeautiful.

A.SeeingB.SeenC.SawD.Tobeseeing

分析：A。Seeing是邏輯主語就是主句的主語we，表示正在進行的主動動作。

____fromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.?1.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,____itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makes C.made D.tomake簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分在整個句中應作狀語；再根據(jù)Europeanfootball對于make來說應是主動關系，即歐洲足球使之本身成為一項最受世人歡迎的運動。因此，該題應選A。2.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.Notreceiving B.ReceivingnotC.Nothavingreceived D.Havingnotreceived簡析：該題應選C。測試非謂語動詞的否定式是在其前直接加not。若動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前時用非謂語的完成式。3.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,____thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingadded B.toaddC.addingD.added簡析：該題應選C。測試現(xiàn)在分詞可以作補充說明的狀語。4.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid____tothenotice.A.angrilypointing B.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointed D.andangrilypointing簡析：該題應選A。測試現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，通過副詞angrily進行干擾。若B答案為andpointedangrily時也對。另外，分詞作狀語時，如果其邏輯主語與整個句子的主語不一致時，需要獨立主格結構或with復合結構來替代。(此時，也可把該分詞看成介詞的賓語補足語。)例:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands____behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtied C.tobetiedD.tied簡析：很顯然，待選部分的邏輯主語是hishands，而不是句子的主語Themurderer,而hishands對于動詞tie來說，只能是被動承受。因此，該題應選D。1.Icannotunderstand_____suchawell-paidjob.A.himtogiveup B.himtohavegivenupC.hisgivingup D.hisbeinggivenup2.Jane’ssummervacationinEnglandledto_____anEnglishman.A.hermarry B.hertomarry C.herbeingmarried D.hermarrying3.Shewassadbecauseof_____anychanceleft.A.therebeingnot B.therenotbeing C.nottherebeing D.therewasnot4.Ifyouthinkaletteristooslow,whynot_____atelegram?A.trytohavesent B.tryingtosend C.totrytosend D.trysending5.Thereisnochance_____himtoday.A.inseeing B.toseeing C.ofseeing D.aboutseeing6.Iknowyoulike_____.Wouldyoulike_____withmenow?A.toswim,toswim B.swimming,swimmingC.swimming,toswim D.toswim,swimming7.Before_____,themachinemustbechecked.A.beingused B.usingit C.beingusedto D.using8.Togiveup_____means_____.A.smoking,stoppingsmoking B.smoking,tostopsmokingC.tosmoke,tostoptosmoke D.tosmoke,stoppingtosmoke9.—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?—Oh,excellent.It’sworth_____asecondtime.A.toread B.reading C.toberead D.beingread10.“Whathasmadeyousoupset?”“________mynewbike.”A.Lost B.Becauseoflosing C.SinceIlost D.Losing11.Istillremember_____toBeijingwhenIwassix.A.totakeB.takingC.havingtakingD.havingbeentaken12.Someforeignerusedto_____ontheleftintheirowncountries,butnowtheyhavegotusedto_____ontherightinourcountry.A.driving,drive B.drive,drive C.drive,driving D.driving,driving13.Heremained____there,forhegrew____inmanythingsthere.A.staying,interesting B.staying,interested C.tostay,interest D.stayed,interested14.Itisimportantforparentsandyoungpeopletolearnhowtogetthroughtoeachotheranddevelopskillinunderstandingand_____.A.beingunderstood B.tobeunderstood C.understand D.understood15._____moretreesisgoodforhealthanditisalsoimportanttostopwastefromfactories_____oursurroundings.A.Toplant,pollute B.Planting,topollute C.Plant,polluting D.Planting,polluting16.Iwouldappreciate_____backthisafternoon.A.youtocall B.youcall C.yourcalling D.you’recalling17.Howaboutthetwoofus_____awalkdownthegarden?A.totake B.take C.taking D.tobetaking18.“Thelightintheofficeisstillon.”“Oh,Iforgot_____.”A.turningitoff B.turnitoff C.toturnitoff D.havingturneditoff19.“Imustapologizefor_____aheadoftime.”“That’sallright.”A.lettingyounotknow B.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownot D.lettingnotyouknow20.Ithappened______whenIleftthestation,soIhadtowaituntiltherainstopped.A.toberaining B.tohaverainedC.torain D.raining

21.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.Given B.Togive C.GivingD.Havinggiven22.Climbingmountainswas____,soweallfelt____.A.tiring;tiredB.tired;tiringC.tiring;tiringD.tired;tired23.The____morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,____byhisnaughtyboy.A.following;following B.followed;followedC.following;followed D.followed;following24.____thesepictures,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijingand____fromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnif