轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法doc資料

轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法

1.Definition

1).Conversion(bet.ActivesandPassives)—thechangefromtheactivevoiceintothepassivevoiceorviceversainE-CandC-Etranslationsoastomakethetranslatedversionconformwiththeidiomaticusageofthetargetlanguage.

轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法—就是在翻譯過程中把原文的被動(dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換成譯文中的主動(dòng)語態(tài)，或是把原文中的主動(dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換成譯文中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

2).主動(dòng)句—適用于強(qiáng)調(diào)施動(dòng)者，說明它的動(dòng)作、行為所起的作用。

TheActiveStructure—astructurehavingasthesubjectthepersonorthingdoingtheaction.3).被動(dòng)句—是主動(dòng)句中處于賓語的受事者被提到主語位置上，強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)者（受事）的被動(dòng)地位和被動(dòng)狀態(tài)。句中有時(shí)帶有被動(dòng)意義的標(biāo)記，有時(shí)卻不帶這種標(biāo)記。ThePassiveStructure—astructureexpressinganactionwhichisdonetothesubjectofasentence.2.FeaturesofEnglishandChinesePassives1).PeculiaritiesofEnglishPassives(1).ThewideuseofthepassiveInthevastmajorityofcasesthechoiceofthepassiveinEnglishisduetooneofthefollowingreasons:A.Whentheactivesubjectisknownandneednotbementioned(施事已知不必言明）a).Visitorsarerequestedtowaitawhile.b).Themurdererwascaughtyesterday,anditissaidthathewillbehanged.兇手已于昨日被捕，據(jù)說他將會(huì)被絞死。B.Whentheactivesubjectisunknownorcannotbereadilystated.(施事未知或難以言明）a).Newfactoriesarebeingbuiltalloverthecountry.全國到處在興建工場。b).Anotherbridgewillbebuiltovertherivernextyear.C.Whentheactivesubjectisself-evidentfromthecontext(施事從上下文中可以不言自明）a).Shetoldmethathermasterhaddismissedher.Noreasonhadbeenassigned;noobjectionhadbeenmadetoherconduct.Shehadbeenforbiddentoappealtohermistress.她告訴我，她的男主人已解雇了她。男主人沒有講明任何理由，對(duì)她的行為沒有任何異議，也不許她向女主人申訴。b).Thetoastwasdulydrunk.D.Whentheactivesubjectisnotmentionedforsomespecialreasons(tactordelicacyof

sentiment)(使敘述顯得圓通、得體，或?yàn)榱吮磉_(dá)某種微妙的情緒）a).Somethingshavebeensaidheretonightthatoughtnottohavebeenspoken.

今晚有人在此講了些不該講的話。E.Whenactivesubjectislessimportantthantheobject:a).Achildwasrunoverbyamotorcar.一個(gè)小孩被汽車軋了。F.Whentheactivesubjectisavoidedforstylisticdevices(toavoidincoherenceonaccountofshiftingconstruction)(出于造句的需要或修辭的考慮）a).Blackactuallylovedherandwaslovedinreturn.b).Languageisshaped

by,andshapeshumanthought.人的思想形成了語言，而語言又影響了人的思想。

c).Theceremonywasabbreviatedbyrain.因?yàn)橄掠?，儀式舉行得很簡短。(2).TheLargeVarietyofPassivePatterns

Passiveformsofthefiniteverbsin8tensescommonlyused;Passiveformsofthenon-finiteverbsandtheirperfecttense;A.PassiveformsoftheinfinitivesIwantthelettertobedispatchedatonce.B.Passiveformsoftheparticiples;You’llfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.

C.PassiveformsofthegerundsIhavethehonorofbeingelected.

D.Passiveformsofthesentencesledbypreparatory“it”;Itisconsideredashametocheatinexam.考試作弊是可恥的。E.Passiveformsoftheverbswithdoubleobjects;Hewasgivenaprize.F.Passiveformsoftheverbswithcomplexobjects;Theyneedn’tbekeptwaiting.G.Double-passiveforms;Thedateisexpected

tobeannouncedsoon.估計(jì)日期不久就會(huì)宣布。Thebookisannounced

tobepublished.H.Passivesenseinactiveform(pseudo-activityofthesubject)（形式主動(dòng)，意義被動(dòng)）a).Thesenewproductsselllikehotcakes.這些產(chǎn)品十分暢銷。b).Theroomfilledrapidly.房間很快就擠滿了。c).Thiskindofclothwashesverywell.這種布很經(jīng)洗。d).Theclockwindsupattheback.這個(gè)鐘在背面上發(fā)條。e).Theplanisworkingout.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃正在制定。I.Passivesenseconveyedinlexicalitemsorwordgroups(詞匯手段表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義）(1).Nouns

referee(=towhomaquestionisreferredto)受委托者h(yuǎn)isastonishment(=hewasastonished)他感到驚訝theman’strial(=themanwastried)那個(gè)人受審問(2).Adjs.respectableeatable(3).Pre.Phrases

inone’spossession/inthepossessionofsomeoneundertheinfluence(ofalcohol)酒醉2).PeculiaritiesofChinesePassives

(1).TherareuseofthepassiveformChinesepassiveformsarerarelyusedunlesstheyexpressderogatory(orsometimes,commendatory)meaning.Followingisabriefsummaryofthosecaseswherethepassiveformsareused:A.Denoteanactionundesirableorunpleasant(不如意)被：被捕bearrested，被俘:becaptured讓：讓人擺布beorderedabout給：給某人逼走bedrivenawaybysomeone叫：叫人說的一文不值:besaidtobenotworthafarthing

挨：挨罵:getascolding/adressingdown受：受騙:bedeceived,受傷：bewounded為…所，被…所，讓…給她被花言巧語所陶醉。SheisintoxicatedwithsweetwordsB.Denoteanactiondesirableorpleasant(如意)受：受歡迎:bewelcome,受表揚(yáng):bepraised被：被評(píng)為先進(jìn)工作者:bemadeanadvancedworkerC.Denoteaneutersense由：時(shí)間由他決定。Thetimewillbedecidedbyhim這本書由三人合譯。Thisbookwasjointlytranslatedbythreepersons.

為…所：這已為該組織所接受。ThishasbeenacceptedbytheOrganization.(2).Thewideuseofactiveformstoexpressthepassivesense

InChinesealmostnodifferencecanbeseeninformbet.theactiveandthepassive,noinflexionoftheverb,notranspositionofthesubject,evennopassivelabel“被“andthelikebeforetheverb.ManyChineseverbsareactiveinformbutpassiveinsense,i.e.thereisdisagreementbetweenthesyntacticandnotionalactiveorpassive.Herearesomebasicpatternsinwhichactiveformsareusedtoshowpassivesense.Pattern1:O+(被)+（S）+V1)、問題解決了。Theproblemhasbeensolved.2)、困難可以克服。Difficultiescanbeovercome.3)、會(huì)議延期了。Themeetingwaspostponed.4)、工作完成了。Theworkhasbeenfinished.Pattern2:O+(被)+（S）+V+M1)、地圖掛在墻上。Amapishungonthewall.2)、樹栽在街道兩旁。Treesareplantedonbothsidesofthestreets.3)、沙發(fā)擺在客廳里。Sofasareplacedinthesitting-room.

4)、字寫在黑板上。Wordsarewrittenontheblackboard.Pattern3:M+V+O1)、客廳里擺著沙發(fā)。Inthesitting-roomareplacedsomesofas.2)、窗戶上貼著紙蝴蝶。Onthewindow-paneispastedapaperbutterfly.3)、街道兩旁栽著樹。Onbothsidesofthestreetareplantedtrees.Pattern4:O+（是）+S+(M)+V+的（判斷句）1)、這些產(chǎn)品是我國生產(chǎn)的。Theseproductsaremadeinourcountry.2)、風(fēng)速是用秒米表示的。Thespeedofwindismeasuredinmeterspersecond.3)、萬物都是原子構(gòu)成的。Allthingsaremadeupofatoms.Pattern5:O+M+加以/予以+V1)、這個(gè)問題將在下一章加以討論。Thisquestionwillbediscussedinthenextchapter.2)、這必須在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候予以處理。Thismustbedealtwithatan/theopportunetime/moment.3)、這個(gè)詞必須予以特別注意。Thewordmustbepaidspecialattentionto.Pattern6:(M)使/把/將+O+(M)+V+M（無主句）1)、必須使溫度很快從室溫升至攝氏125度。Temperatureshouldbechangedfromroomtemperatureto125C.2)、不要故意把這些問題混在一起。Thesequestionsshouldnotbemixedup.

3)、用這個(gè)方法把油與水分開。Oilmustbeseparatedfromwaterbythismethod.

C.passivesinthefollowingsituations:1).Whenactivesubjectislessimportantthantheobject

(強(qiáng)調(diào)受事，突出被動(dòng)狀態(tài)）a).“財(cái)神爺”這個(gè)詞，不是我的用語，是農(nóng)民的發(fā)明。(《鄧小平文選》第三卷）Thatterm,the“GodofWealth”,wasinventednotbymebutbythefarmers.b).譬如罷，我們之中的一個(gè)青年，因?yàn)樽嫔系年幑Γü们椅疫@么說罷），得了一所大宅子，且不問他是騙來的，搶來的，或合法繼承的，或是做了女婿換來的。（魯迅《拿來主義》）Supposeoneofourpooryouths,thankstothevirtueofsomeancestor(ifImaybepermittedtosupposesuchathing),comesintopossessionofalargehouse—nevermindwhetherobtainedbytrickery,force,lawfulinheritanceormarriageintoawealthyfamily.c).這是雖在北方的風(fēng)雪的壓迫下卻保持倔強(qiáng)挺立的一種樹。(茅盾《白楊禮贊》)Thistreeremainsstubbornlyerectevenwhencrushedbythewindandsnowofthenorth.2)Whentheactivesubjectisnotmentionedforsomereasons(tactordelicacyof

sentiment)(因種種原因，不出現(xiàn)或無須說明施事者）a).如果工程是在人們的眼皮子底下進(jìn)行，今天加一尺，明天高五寸；人來人往，滿地亂磚泥水，最后工程結(jié)束時(shí)人們也會(huì)跟著舒口氣，覺得這亂糟糟的局面總算有了了結(jié)。(《圍墻》)Iftheconstructionhadbeencarriedoutunderone’sveryeyes—addingafoottodayandsixinchestomorrow,withpeoplecomingandgoingandthegroundlitteredwithbricksandplaster,whenitwasfinallyfinishedeveryonewouldhavefeltagreatsenseofreliefthatthechaoswasover.b).黑暗是一秒鐘一秒鐘地淡了,但是它還留下了一個(gè)網(wǎng)。山啦，樹啦，河啦，田啦，房屋啦，都罩在它的網(wǎng)下面。（《月夜》）Secondbysecondthedarknessfaded,butitstillwasanetthatcoveredeverything.Themountains,thetrees,theriver,thefields,thehouses—allwereenmeshedinit.

3).Whenthepassivevoiceisusedforstylisticdevices(toavoidincoherenceonaccountofshiftingconstruction)（使句子結(jié)構(gòu)勻稱，文氣連貫）a).他在全盛時(shí)期極孚眾望，無論富人還是窮人都用同樣敬重他。Inhisday,heenjoyedtremendouspopularityandwasadoredbyboththerichandthepoor.b).英語語法課時(shí)，我們上冠詞的用法，然后做了一些練習(xí)。InthehourofEnglishgrammar,weweretaughttheusageofthearticleandthendidsomeexercisesaboutthem.c).她出現(xiàn)在臺(tái)上，觀眾報(bào)以熱烈的掌聲。Sheappearedonthestageandwaswarmlyapplaudedbytheaudience.4).ThepassivevoiceisusedinsomeChineseidiomsoractivestructureswithgenericpersons(某些習(xí)慣用語或泛指人稱為主語的主動(dòng)句）a).大家忽然聽到了防空警報(bào)，急忙尋找掩護(hù)。Theairraidsirensweresuddenlyheardtowarnpeopletotakeshelter.b).可以有把握地說，會(huì)議會(huì)如期召開的。Itmaybesafelysaidthatthemeetingwillbeheldonschedule.

5).Thepassivevoiceisusedforpoliteness

（語氣委婉，措辭禮貌）

a).請(qǐng)您為大家表演個(gè)節(jié)目。Youarerequestedtogiveaperformance.6).Thepassivevoiceisusedforexpressivenessandvividness(借助英語的一些固定搭配或詞組）a).有經(jīng)驗(yàn)者不易上圈套。Anoldbirdisnottobecaughtwithchaff.b).他得意忘形。Hewaslostinexhilaration.c).他天生適合做水手。Heiscutoutforasailor.7).Insomeactivestructureswithapassivesense

(含有被動(dòng)意義的主動(dòng)句）a).這個(gè)問題必須馬上解決，否則會(huì)貽誤工期。Thisproblemhastobesolvedimmediately,orwilldelaytheschedule.3.

Conversionbet.ActivesandPassivesinE-CTranslation

1).E.

PassivesintoC.Actives(英被動(dòng)—漢主動(dòng)）A.Originalsubjectsunchanged(原主語不變）a).Resultslipsfortheputonghuaproficiencytestwillbeissuedtothetesterstomorrow.普通話水平考試成績單將于明天發(fā)給考試者。b).Suchliquidfuelrockets

asarenowbeingusedforspaceresearchhavetocarrytheirownsupplyofoxygen.像現(xiàn)在用于宇宙研究的這類液態(tài)燃料火箭，必須自己攜帶氧氣。c).Ifoilisstruck,acoverisfirmlyfixedtothetopoftheoilpipeandtheoilisallowedtoescapethroughaseriesofvalves.如發(fā)現(xiàn)/鉆到石油，則在油管頂部緊固地加蓋，讓石油通過一系列閥門流出。

B.Originalsubjectsintoobjects（主語—賓語）

a).Bytheendofthewar900people

hadbeensaved

bytheorganization,butatthecostofover200BelgianandFrenchlives.大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時(shí)，這個(gè)組織救出了900人，但那900人是以200多比利時(shí)人和法國人的生命為代價(jià)的。b).Ifbadweatherisexpected,theforecastermustbeabletosuggestanotherairportwithintherangeoftheaircraftwheretheweatherwillbesuitableforlanding.如果預(yù)計(jì)天氣惡劣，天氣預(yù)報(bào)人員必須能夠在該飛機(jī)航程內(nèi)提出另一個(gè)天氣適合著陸的機(jī)場。c).Duringthevisit,extensive,earnestandfrankdiscussionswereheldbetweenthetwoleaders.在訪問期間，雙方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人進(jìn)行了廣泛、真誠和坦率的交談。d).Anationallink-upofcomputerscouldmeanthatalargeamountofinformation

willbesuppliedtoanyonewhousesthesystem.把全國的電腦連接起來意味著可以向任何使用該系統(tǒng)的人提供大量信息。e).Sluggishnessintheeconomycannotbeexplainedbycyclicalfactors;weneedstructuralchanges.

周期性因素并不能解釋經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯不前的原因；我們需要進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)改革。C.Passivesintothepredicativeverb“是”（英被動(dòng)—漢判斷句）a).Scienceisdiscoveredbyaprocessofinquiry,observation,andexperiment.

科學(xué)的道理是通過詢問、觀察、實(shí)驗(yàn)這樣一個(gè)過程發(fā)現(xiàn)的。b).Howcanaseriesofmotionless,orstill,picturesbeblendedonascreentoproducemotionpictures?

一組不動(dòng)的即靜止的圖片是怎樣在銀幕上連到一起合成電影的呢？D.Addinganindefinitesubject

(添加適當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z，如“有人，人家，人們，大家，眾人，我們，人，本文”等)

a).Toexplorethemoon’ssurface,rocketswerelaunchedagainandagain.為了探測月球的表面，人們一次又一次地發(fā)射火箭。b).VitaminCismuchmorethanjustatonicforresistingcolds.Itisknown

toplayanimportantroleinthepreventionofcancerandthepromotionofahealthyheartandvascularsystem.維生素C絕不僅僅是可以御寒的補(bǔ)藥。人們還知道，維生素C在防癌和促進(jìn)心臟以及脈管系統(tǒng)的健康方面也起著重要作用。E).E.passivesintoC.subjectlesssentences

(英被動(dòng)句—漢無主句)

a).

Therefore,

effectivemeasuresshouldbetakentocontrolthesizeofcitiessothattheycangrowhealthilyandsteadily.因此，應(yīng)采取有效措施控制城市規(guī)模，讓城市健康平穩(wěn)地發(fā)展。b).Theunpleasantnoisemustbeimmediatelyput

toanend.

必須立即終止這種討厭的噪音。c).Attentionhasbeenpaidtoeffectivemeasurestopreventcorruption.

已經(jīng)注意到采取有效防腐措施。

d).Priorityshouldbegiventoimprovethequalityoftheproducts.

應(yīng)注重提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。e).Effortsshouldbemadetoproceedfromreality,totakemeasuressuitedtolocalconditionsandtogiveguidancetailoredtothesituationandplancarefully.

要堅(jiān)持從實(shí)際出發(fā)，因地制宜，分類指導(dǎo)，搞好規(guī)劃。

F).E.ActivesintoC.Passives(英主動(dòng)—漢被動(dòng))a).Thegovernmenthasvowedtosweepallshoddyandfakegoodsofftheshelves.Inaddition,stiffpenaltiesloom

forcounterfeits.政府發(fā)誓將假冒偽劣商品徹底清除出貨架。此外，假冒偽劣商品生產(chǎn)廠家將受到嚴(yán)厲處罰。

b).Single-sexschoolsarelosingouttoco-educationalinstitutions.單一性別的學(xué)校越來越不受歡迎，正被男女混合的學(xué)校所取代。c).Thesaleofassetsbytherailwaycompanycouldwellkillaproposeddealforjointoperationswitharoadhaulagefirm.這家鐵路公司出售資產(chǎn)，完全有可能使其與一家公路運(yùn)輸公司擬議的聯(lián)合經(jīng)營協(xié)議被取消。2).KeepingthePassiveStructureUnchanged（英被動(dòng)—漢被動(dòng)）

A.RenderingintoChinesebyusing“被…”or“給…”a).Ifthescheme

isapproved,workontheprojectwillstartimmediately.如果方案被批準(zhǔn)，這項(xiàng)工程將立即動(dòng)工。b).Partofthelightmaybereflected,absorbedortransmittedbythethingorobjectthatcomesintoitsway.一部分的光或全部的光可能被（給）擋住其去路的東西或物體所反射、吸收或透射。B.RenderingintoChinesebyusing“遭…”or“受…”

a).

Everyonewasfedupwithhergossip.人人都受夠了她的流言蜚語。b).Hewassetuponbytwomaskedmen.他遭到了兩個(gè)蒙面男子的襲擊。c).Hewaspolicedbythebosses’cops.他受到老板雇用的警察的監(jiān)督。C.RenderingintoChinesebyusing“為…所…”

a).Suchconductwillbelookeddownuponbyallwithasenseofdecency.這種行為將會(huì)為一切有良知的人所蔑視。b).IwassoimpressedbythesewordsthatIusedthemlaterforaChristmascard.我為這些話所深深感動(dòng)，后來我把它們寫在圣誕賀卡上。

D.RenderingintoChinesebyusing把”or“使”or“由”(譯成“把”、“使”和“由”句)a).Goodyear,anAmerican,hadbeentryingforyearstofindawayinwhichrubbercouldbemadehard,non-sticky,andyetelastic.

有一個(gè)叫古德伊爾的美國人一直在努力尋找一種方法把橡膠做得硬而不粘，但是卻有彈性。b).Thetimewillcomewhenhomeswillbeheatedfromasmallreactorinthebasement.有朝一日家庭將由安裝在地下室的小反應(yīng)堆供熱。F.Thepassivevoicereplacedbyotherstructures（英被動(dòng)—漢主動(dòng)）a).Thevillageispopulatedbyabout15,000farmers.這個(gè)子里住著大約15000農(nóng)民。b).Thenewswaspassedonbywordofmouth.眾口相傳，消息不脛而走。

c).Hisholidayafternoonswerespentinrambleaboutthesurroundingcountry.

每逢假日的下午，他總要漫游周圍的鄉(xiāng)村。d).Notonlypolitenessbutanattitudeofreverenceisdemandedinchurch.在教堂里，人們不僅要有禮貌，而且應(yīng)該有一種虔誠的態(tài)度。e).Shewasdeliveredofaboy.她生了一個(gè)男孩。f).Hehasbeenweddedtotranslation.他已與翻譯結(jié)下了不解之緣。g).hefactoryisunderstaffedbyskillfulworkers.該工廠缺乏熟練工人。h).TheChineseTableTennisTeamalsovisitedaManhattanpublicschool,delightingthepupilsandbeingdelightedbythem.(China·U.S.·TableTennis”)中國乒乓球隊(duì)還訪問了曼哈頓的一所公立學(xué)校。隊(duì)員們和學(xué)生們都為這次見面感到高興。4.Conversionbet.ActivesandPassivesinC-ETranslation

1).C.sentenceswithpassivelabels（有被動(dòng)標(biāo)記)“被”、“受”、“遭”、“給”、“讓”、“挨”、“叫”、“為…所”、“加以”、“予以”……A.C.PassivesintoE.Actives（漢被動(dòng)—英主動(dòng)）

a).他被嚇得坐了起來。Hestartedtositup.b).天太冷，水管都給凍住了。Itwassocoldthatthepipe

froze.c).他們將沖決一切束縛他們的羅網(wǎng)，朝著解放的路上迅跑。一切帝國主義、軍閥、貪官污吏、土豪劣紳，都將被他們?cè)崛雺災(zāi)埂＃ā睹珴蓶|選集》第一卷）Theywillsmashallthetrammelsthatbindthemandrushforwardalongtheroadtoliberation.Theywillsweepalltheimperialists,warlords,corruptofficials,localtyrantsandevilgentryintotheirgraves.

B.C.PassivesintoE.Passives(漢被動(dòng)—英被動(dòng))

a).窗上的玻璃叫那個(gè)孩子打破了，他一定要挨罵的。Thewindowpanewasbrokenbythechild;hewillcertainlybescolded.b).社會(huì)主義思想體系已為全國人民所接受。Socialistideologyhasbeenacceptedthepeopleofthewholecountry.c).整個(gè)地區(qū)為熱帶、亞熱帶森林所覆蓋，氣候獨(dú)特。Thewholeareaiscoveredbytropicalaswellassubtropicalforestandhasuniqueclimate.d).社會(huì)上行行色色的人物，被區(qū)分得一清二楚。Peopleofallsortsinoursocietyhavebeenclearlyrevealedforwhattheyare.

e).人生的道路雖然漫長，但緊要處常常只有幾步，特別是當(dāng)人年輕的時(shí)候。（柳青：《創(chuàng)業(yè)史》）Althoughtheroadoflifeislong,itsmostimportantsectionsareoftencoveredinonlyafewsteps,esp.whenapersonisyoung.

C.SpecialChineseActives

(特殊類型的主動(dòng)句）（漢主動(dòng)—英主動(dòng)：似是主動(dòng)，但其謂語動(dòng)詞多為不及物動(dòng)詞和某些特殊用法的動(dòng)詞）

a).

這酒口感不錯(cuò)，與價(jià)格相稱。Thiswinedrinkswellforitsprice.b).白臺(tái)布容易臟。Thewhitetableclothstainseasily.c).這種食物不好消化。Thefoodwon’tdigestwell.

2).C.sentenceswithoutpassivelabels(沒有被動(dòng)標(biāo)記)

Suchsentencesappearactiveinstructure,butactuallypassiveinmeaning,withtheirsubjectsbeinglogicalobjectsofthepredicateverbs.

A.C.ActivesintoE.Passives(漢主動(dòng)句—英被動(dòng)句)A).Keepingtheoriginalsubject（原主語不變）a).知識(shí)分子的問題就是在這樣的基礎(chǔ)上提出來的。Onsuchabasishasthequestionoftheintellectualsbeenraised.b).大米產(chǎn)于南方。RiceischieflygrownintheSouth.c).來賓請(qǐng)出示入場券。Visitorsarerequiredtoshowtheirtickets.d).晚上九點(diǎn)以后，長途話費(fèi)可以減少50%。After9p.m.,thelong-distancetelephoneratecanbecutbyhalf.

B).Theobjectintothesubject

(原賓語—主語）a).一群人立刻把他圍住了，向他提出了一個(gè)又一個(gè)的問題。Verysoonhewassurroundedbyacrowdandwassnowedunderwithquestions.b).我國各族人民每年都要熱烈慶?！笆弧眹鴳c節(jié)。NationalDayisenthusiasticallycelebratedonOct.1bytheChinesepeopleofallnationalitieseveryyear.c).中美已經(jīng)建立了外交關(guān)系。DiplomaticrelationshavebeenestablishedbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates.

d).政府授權(quán)工商部門嚴(yán)厲取締投機(jī)倒把活動(dòng)。Departmentsinchargeofindustryandcommerceareauthorizedbythegovernmenttobanspeculationandprofiteering.C.SubjectlessC.StructuresintoE.Passives(漢無主句—英被動(dòng))a).必須加快現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度建立，深化經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革。Theestablishmentofamoderncorporatesystemmustbeacceleratedandeconomicrestructuringdeepened.

b).發(fā)現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤，一定要糾正。Wrongsmustbecorrectedwhentheyarediscovered.c).清理并減少了行政審批事項(xiàng)

Administrativeproceduresforexaminationandapprovalwererectifiedandreduced.d).加強(qiáng)了政府決策科學(xué)化、民主化工作，對(duì)涉及群眾利益的重大事項(xiàng)實(shí)行公示、聽證等制度。Governmentdecisionmakingwasmademorescientificanddemocratic,andasystemofpublicnoticesandpublichearingsonmattersaffectingtheinterestsofthepeoplewasinstituted.

e).繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)“三農(nóng)”工作。28個(gè)?。▍^(qū)、市）全部免征了農(nóng)業(yè)稅，全國取消了牧業(yè)稅。Workrelatedtoagriculture,ruralareasandfarmerswasfurtherintensified.Theagriculturaltaxwasrescindedin28provinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyunderthecentralgovernment,andthelivestocktaxwasrescindednationwide.f).體育事業(yè)取得新成績。社會(huì)主義精神文明建設(shè)得到加強(qiáng)。Furthersuccesseswereachievedinthecountry'sathleticendeavors.Greatereffortsweremadetopromotesocialistculturalandideologicalprogress.

g).建設(shè)社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村，必須加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。要下決心調(diào)整投資方向，把國家對(duì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)投入的重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向農(nóng)村……Inordertobuildanewsocialistcountryside,thedevelopmentofruralinfrastructuremustbeaccelerated,andworkneedstobedoneresolutelytoreorientinvestmentbyshiftingthegovernment'spriorityininfrastructureinvestmenttothecountryside…

h).如蒙早日寄來樣品或產(chǎn)品冊(cè)，不勝感激。Itwouldbeappreciatedifsamplesandbrochurescouldbesoonforwardedtous.i).通知學(xué)校全體老師下午聚會(huì)。Alltheteachersoftheschoolshallbetoldtoattendthegatheringthisafternoon.D).C.sentenceswithgenericsubjectsintoE.passives

(帶泛指主語的漢主動(dòng)句—英被動(dòng)句)a).其實(shí)，大家心中都很清楚，即使在最繁榮時(shí)期，也總有人挨餓。Asamatteroffact,ithaslongbeenknownthatevenduringthemostprosperousperiodtherehasbeenpeoplewithoutenoughtoeat.

b).有人看見他趁著大家午睡時(shí)悄悄地溜出了房間。Hewasseentoslipoutofthehousewhentheotherswerehavinganafternoonnap.E).C.passivesintoE.actives

(漢被動(dòng)—英主動(dòng))

a).有些貝殼被他們搶走了，我也不心痛，因?yàn)榈诙?，我又可以跑去海灘拾許多同樣的回來。Theytakeawaysomeoftheshells,butIdon’tcareatall,forthenextdayIcanbringbackfromthebeachasmanyreplacements.

b).有些地方教師住房仍然不足，教育工作者的工資經(jīng)常被拖欠。

Housingforteachersisstillinadequateinsomeareas,andteachers’payisofteninarrears.

F.SomeIdiomaticChineseExpressions

SomeC.expressionsmaybeputintoE.passivesinthepattern“Itbe+adj.(p.p)+thatclause”.a).今天下午有一場英語講座，全體三年級(jí)學(xué)生請(qǐng)務(wù)必參加。TherewillbeanEnglishlecturethisafternoon.Allthethird-yearstudentsareexpectedtoattend.

b).中國擁有豐富的物質(zhì)財(cái)富和精神財(cái)富，因而注定要在國際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮決定性的作用。China,whichaboundsinmaterialandculturalresources,isdestinedtoplayadecisiveroleininternationalaffairs.c).林教授精通好幾門外語，他有資格在那種場合擔(dān)任譯員。Prof.Lin,whohasagoodcommandofseveralforeignlanguages,isqualifiedtobeaninterpreteronthatoccasion.d).有人說即將舉行的六級(jí)考試很難，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做好準(zhǔn)備。

ItissaidthatthecomingBand6EnglishExamistoberatherdifficult,sowearesupposedtogetfullypreparedforit.A.PutthefollowingintoChinesea