高考英語虛擬語氣專題講座

★高考英語虛擬語氣專題講座★★★語氣是一種動詞形式，用以表示說話者的意圖或態(tài)度。英語中有三種語氣：陳述語氣，疑問語氣，虛擬語氣。werewishasifasthough從句中虛擬語氣的表相關(guān)時態(tài)主句形式從句形式例句與現(xiàn)在事實相反Should\would\could\might+do（動詞原形）過去式（be動詞各人稱都用wereIfIwereyou,Ishould\wouldmakefulluseofmytimeto與過去事實相反 Should\would\could\might+havedone（動詞過去分詞） Had+done(過去分詞)Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.與將來事實相反Should\would\could\might+do（動詞）1.過去式（be動詞各人稱都用wereto+動詞Ifitshouldraintomorrow,thecropswouldbe youraddress，IwouldhavewrittentoA.DidIknowB.WereItoknowC.HadI D.IfIshouldwere，had，should，could等詞移至句首：Ifheshouldfail，hewouldkillhimself.→Shouldhefail，hewouldkillhimself.萬一失敗，他就會IfIwereyou，IwoulddoitatonceWereIyou，IwoulddoitatonceIfIcoulddoit，Iwould.CouldIdoit，Iwould.Ifhehadseenyouyesterday，hewouldhaveaskedyouabout→Hadheseenyouyesterday，hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit他昨天要是看到了你，他就會問你這事了。had不一定是助動詞，如果是實義動詞也可倒裝：Ifhehadmoney，hewouldbuyacarHadhemoney，hewouldbuyacar他要是有錢，他就會買一輛小車。Wereitnotforthefactthatyouareill,IwouldgiveyouagoodHadheaskedmeIwouldhavegivenhimmyadvice.Wereittosnowtomorrowthehunterwouldnotgohunting.HowIwishIhadstudiedharderwhenIwasinIfyouhad,you workintolateeverydayA. B. C. D.IfyouhadnotbeenstrictwithmewhenIwasyoung,Icouldnotbesuchasuccessful now如果我年輕時你沒nownowadays）Shouldanyonecomeandaskforme,lthemIwillcomebacktomorrow.萬一有人來找我們我明天回來（主Ishouldbehappytogowithyou.如果能與你一起去，我將很高興。(=IshouldbehappyifIcouldgowithTohavestudiedharderyouwouldhavepassedtheexamination.(=ifyouhavestudiedharder,Borninbettertimeshewouldhavebeenascholar.(=Ifhehadbeenborninbettertimes,heFailingthistimewhatwouldyoudo(=IfyoufailedthistimeWalkingaloneinthedark,Marywouldbeterrified.要一個人單獨(dú)在中走，瑪麗會感十分害怕(IfMarywalkedaloneinthedark,Withoutairnoonecouldlive沒有空氣，人就不能活。(=IftherewerenoairnoonecouldButforhishelp,hewouldhave 要不是有他的幫助，他就會失敗了(=Ifithadn’tbeenforhishelp,hewouldhavebutforbutthatwithoutincaseofunderundermorefavorableconditionAtruefriendwouldnothavebetrayed若是真正的朋友，就不會背棄我。(=Ifhehadbeenatruefriend,hewould…)Afewhoursearlier,andyouwouldhaveseenthefamouswriter.要是你早來幾個小時，你就見到這位著名的作家了。(Ifyouhadcomeafewhoursearlier將條件隱含在某些連詞(ororelseotherwise等)○1句子（一般現(xiàn)在時）+or,orelse,otherwise+句子（謂語部分：should\would\could\might等+動詞○2句子（一般過去時）ororelseotherwise句子（謂語部分：should\would\could\might等havedone）Ididn’tknowthathewasacheat,orelseIwouldn’thavebelievedhim.我不知道他是個，不然我也不會相信他了。(orelse=ifIhadknownhewasacheat))I’mreallyverybusy,otherwiseIwouldcertainlygotherewithyou.的是太忙了，不然我就會同你一道去了。(otherwise=ifIwerenotsoAnyonewhohadseenthatpaintingmighthavetakenitfora凡是看過那畫的人，都可能把它看成是。(=IfanyonehadseenthatDon’tbothertoreadallthesepapers.Itwouldtaketoo不要費(fèi)事看所有這些文件了，那會花太多時間。(=…Ifyoureadallthesepapersitwouldtaketoo常用來表示含蓄虛擬條件的連詞如：sothat,unless,incase,supposing,lest,provided(倘若……)，forfearthat(惟恐),onconditionthat,ifonly(要是……就好了)等。(注：lest,forfearthat和incase引起的從句中謂語動詞多用should+動詞，但可以不用虛擬語氣，而用動詞的陳★Theforeignteacherspokeslowlyincasewemisunderstoodhim.這位外籍教師說得很慢以免我們聽不懂。Caremustbetakeninusingthismethodlestoverflowshouldoccur.wouldliketohavedonesth.或wouldhavelikedtodosth.(前者常用Iwouldliketohavegonetothecelebration,butIcouldn’tgetaway表示過去本來該干某事但沒有干時，用should\oughttohavedonesth.shouldnot\oughtnottohavedoneThecriminalshouldhavetoldthetruth,butherefusedto.表示過去本來有能力干某事，但未能干成時用couldhavedoneIcouldhavelentyouthemoneybutyoudidnotturntomeforhelp.mighthavedoneYoumighthavebeenchosen,butyougaveupthechance表示過去本來愿意干某事，但未能干成時用wouldhavedoneThecookwouldhavehelpedyou,buthiswifestoppedhimIhadhoped eapoetbutIturnedteacherinsteadIhopedto eapoet,butIturnedteacherMyplaymatehopedtohaveenteredakeyuniversitylastyear,buthiswishdidn’tcomebetodosth.wasweretohavedonesth結(jié)構(gòu)TheEuropeantouristsweretohavearrivedbyten,buttheywerecaughtinashowerandThebuildingwastohavebeencompletedbytheendoflastmonth,buttheplanbegoingtowas\weregoingto--Didyougotothemuseum--No,Iwasgoingto,butsomethingurgenthappenedatthelastIwasgoingtomeetyouatthestation,butIhadtoworkextrahourswritingareportformy（一）在Itis＋形容詞／某些動詞的過去分詞＋主語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中從句的謂語動詞須用動詞或should＋do的形式。1、It’simportant…類形容詞Itiswasimportantnecessarydesirableimperativeadvisable)that句型。如：Itisimpossiblethatheshouldgohome.他不可能會回家去。ItisnecessarythatIshouldreturnitrightnowItisimportantthatweshouldspeah ItisnotnecessarythateveryonebeascientistItisimperativethatweshouldpractisecritidsmandself-criticism2、It’sapity…類名詞Itisapitythatsheshouldfaresobadly.她竟吃得這么差，真It’sapitythatheshouldbesoobstinateItwasapitythatyoucouldn’tcome.Itisapitythatshefailedthedrivingexamination.Itishisdesirethatamedicalmanshouldstayhere3、It’sdesired…Itiswas)desiredsuggested,settled,proposed,requested,decided,etcthat...句型。如：Itisrequestedthatavotebetaken.建議付諸表決。Itissettledthatyouleaveusthen?那么你肯定要離開我們羅Itwasproposedthatthismatterbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.★Itisdesiredthatthisruleshouldbebroughttotheattentionofthestaff在Itisamazingstrangesurprising,astonishing,apityashame)Iamsurprised(sorry)和Iregretthatshould，表示說話人的驚異、懊悔、失望等情感，常含有“竟然”之意：It’sstrangethatheshouldbesorude.他竟如此無禮，真是奇怪。I’msurprisedthatheshouldhavefailed.他竟然失敗了，這使我很吃驚。It’sapitythathefailedtheexamIt’sapitythatheshouldhavefailedtheexamdecided（決定的、important（重要的、 desirable（合乎需要的、essential（緊要的、insistent（堅持的、natural（自然的、 preferabl（更可取的、proposed（建議的、 appropriate（適當(dāng)?shù)?、arranged（安排好的、 better（較好的、 possible（可能的、probable（可能的、 Itishighlydesirablethatanewmayorbeappointedforthiscity．這座城市急需任命一位新（二）101、Iwish（Wewishhedidn’tsmokeIwishpriceswouldcomedown.IwishthetrainwouldcomeIinsistedthatheshould)stayHeinsistedthatIshouldgowiththemRoseinsistedthathebepresentThedetectiveinsistedthatheshouldhavealook.HeinsistedthatIhadreadhisletter.他堅持說我看過他的信。HeinsistedthatIshouldreadhisletter他堅持要我看他的信。主要是指order,command的賓語從句，從句謂語由“should+動詞”構(gòu)成，其中的should在英語中通常可以Heorderedthatit(should)besentback.令把它送回去Thejudgeorderedthattheprisonershouldberemanded.命令還押TheKingorderedthatthemanbereleasedHecommandedthatwe(should)attackatonce.令我們立即發(fā)起進(jìn)攻主要是指advise,suggest,propose, mend等的賓語從句，從句謂語由“should+動詞”構(gòu)成，其中的should在HesuggestedthatweshouldleaveearlyThedoctoradvisedthathechangehisjob. mendthatthistaxbeabolished.Isuggestthatweshould)havelunchrightnowThecommitteeproposed(that)Mr.Daybeelected.建議推選戴先生Thedoctoradvised[suggested]thathe(should)notsmoke.醫(yī)生建議他不要抽煙。Iproposethatthematterbeputtothevoteatonce我提議對此問題立刻進(jìn)行表決。HeproposedthatMr.O’Learybethechairman.他提議奧列利先生擔(dān)任。ShesuggestedthatIshould)beresponsibleforthearrangementssuggest通常譯為“建議”；若謂語動詞所表示的情況suggest通常譯為“表明”、“認(rèn)為”。比較并體會：Hesuggestedthatweshould)stayfordinnerWhathesaidsuggestedthathewasacheat.他說的話表明他是個IsuggestedthatyouhadasecretunderstandingwithhimShedesiresthathedoitTheyintendedthatthenews(should)besuppressed.他們打算這條消息Idesirethepatientshouldhaveabatheveryday.我希望每天主要是指動詞direct后的賓語從句，從句謂語由“should+動詞”構(gòu)成，其中的should在英語中通?？梢允hegeneraldirectedthattheprisonersshouldbesetfree有些名詞引起的表語從句或同位語從句中，謂語動詞須用動詞或should＋do的形式。advice（忠告、decision（決定、demand（要求、desire（渴望、idea（想法、motion（提議、necessity（必要性、order（命令、 plan（計劃、preference（偏愛、 13：HisproposalisthatweturnoffTVforhalfanhoureveryday的虛擬語氣形式時，則可推理出用法相同的一組從句。以動詞advise為例：here（here（Ithere（Ithere（here（here（be動詞時各人稱都用were.Wishbe動詞were.would\could+havedone。，如果用到情態(tài)動詞can，各人稱都用could.IwishifonlyIfonlyIwish從六．從句的時態(tài)只與從句所指的時間有關(guān)，而與wishIwishIwerenotsobusy.但愿我不那樣忙碌 IwishIwere[was]betterlooking.要是我長得漂亮些就好了。 IwishedIwererich.當(dāng)時我后悔自己沒有錢。 IwishedIhadbeenrich.當(dāng)時我后悔自己曾經(jīng)沒有錢 Shewishedshehadstayedathome.她后悔的是她當(dāng)時要是留在家里就好了。 Iwishyouwouldgowithustomorrow.要是你明天同我們一起去就好了。 Iwishyouwouldn’tlookdownonthiskindofwork.我希望你不要看不起這種工作。（與將來相反）4Iwishyouwouldn’tsmokeanymore.我希望你不再抽煙了。 Iwishyouwouldbemorerespectfultoyourfather.我希望你對你父親更尊敬些。 IwishIcouldbeofsomeuse.我希望我能有什么用處。 IfonlyIwereyou.=IwishIwereyou.我要是你就好了 I’dratheryouwenttomorrownow我寧愿你明天(現(xiàn)在)去。I’dratheryoucamenextSaturday.我寧愿你下星期六來。I’dratheryouwerehappy.我愿你快樂。I’drathershesatnexttomeI’dratherJackleftonanearliertrain.Youalwaysgowithoutmeandl’dratheryoudidn’t“ShallIopenthewindow?”“I’dratheryoudidn’t.”“我要窗子打開?”“我看不要打開好。I’dratheryouhadn’tsaidit.希望你沒有這樣I’dratheryouhadn’tdonethatl’dratheryouhadbeenhadn’tbeenpresent(寧l’dratherhehadtoldhadn’ttoldmeaboutit(寧KatiewentbycarandI’drathershehadn’tIt’stimewe