2023年專八人文常識(shí)輔導(dǎo)材料美國(guó)文學(xué)

AｍericaｎLiterａt(yī)urｅ:AConciseHistｏrｙI.Review1．WhｏwroteTheＡmerican？（2０２3)Ａ.HermaｎMｅlvｉｌle? ?B.NathanielＨawthｏｒnｅC.HenryJamｅｓ? ???D.TheodｏrｅＤreiser2．Deａt(yī)hofａSalｅsmａnｗaswriｔtenｂy__＿_(dá)．(2023)Ａ.ArthurMiller ?? B.ErｎestHemｉngwaｙC.RalpｈEllｉson ?D.JaｍesＢaldwｉn3．ThenｏｖｅlForＷｈｏmｔheBｅｌｌTｏllｓiｓｗｒiｔtｅnby_＿＿.（２023)A.ScottFitzgerald B.ＷｉｌliamＦaulknerC.EuｇeneO’Ｎeiｌ ? D.ErnｅstHeｍiｎgwaｙ4.WilliaｍSydneyＰoｒter，knｏwnasＯ’Ｈenry,ｉｓmｏｓtfamouｓｆor____＿.(2023）A．hispｏems??? Ｂ.ｈisplayｓC.hｉｓｓhoｒtsｔｏｒｉｅs? ??D.hisnｏｖelｓＩI.ＨistoｒicａlＰeｒｉoｄs1.ColonialＰeｒiod:1７ｔh～１8th(fａitｈ→reaｓon)２．RomanticＰｅriod:ｅndof18tｈtotheCivilWａｒ★3．TheＡgeofRealｉsm:１865-1890★4.ＴheAgeoｆNａt(yī)ｕralisｍ:189０-19００5.MｏdｅｒnPｅｒiod：19１2－1945★6．PosｔwaｒReaｌｉsm:１950s-1９6０s7.Pｏstmodeｒｎism:１9６0ｓ-１980sＩIＩ.ＫeyFigｕres1．ＢｅnjａｍinFｒａnｋlin2.JamesFeniｍｏｒeCooｐer,WasｈingtonIrｖing;ＥdgａｒＡllanPoe,WalｔWhｉtmａn,EmiｌyＤiｃｋinsｏn/NathａnｉｅlＨawthｏrne，HeｒmａnMｅｌville（R.W.Eｍｅrsoｎ,H.D．Ｔhoｒeau)3.O’Henry,HeｎryＪames,MarkＴｗain４.SｔepｈanCｒａnｅ,TheodoreDｒeｉseｒ,JackLondon5.EzraPoｕnd,T．S.Eliot,Ｒ.L.Frost/ErnｅstＨemｉｎｇｗay,Ｆ．S.Fitzｇerａld，ＳinclaｉrLewｉｓ，ＪoｈnSｔｅinbeck／EｕgeｎeＯ’Ｎeiｌl,ＴenｎeｓseeＷillｉams，ＡｒthurＭillｅｒ6.ＪｅromeSａlinｇｅr７.ＮabokovＭaｒkTwain:①Treｎd:realism（localcｏlｏｒism)②Gｅｎrｅ：fｉｃｔion③Ｍaｓterpiece:TheAdｖenturesofHucklｅｂerｒyFinn④ＤisｔinｃtiveStｙlｅ:vｅrnａcularlａｎguａge⑤OｔherImｐortantWorksIV.Saｍplｅ1.Ａmeｒｉcanｌitｅratｕrｅprｏducedｏｎｌyonefｅｍalepｏetdurｉnｇthe19ｔhｃentury.Ｓｈewａｓ_______＿_(dá)_.A．ＡnneBradsｔreeｔ?? ?Ｂ.JａnｅAuｓｔen?Ｃ．KatherｉｎｅAｎｎePoｒｔeｒ?D.EmilyDickinsｏｎ2.TｈefirsｔAmｅｒicantowｉnｔｈeＮoｂelPrizeforLiteraturewasasharpsocｉalcrｉtｉc,whｏｓｅｎamｅwaｓ_＿_(dá)_______.A.T.S.Ｅlｉot? ? Ｂ.SincｌａirＬewｉs?Ｃ.ErneｓtＨeｍingway ?D．WilliａｍFaulkneｒ3.WhｉcｈofｔｈeｆollｏwinｇｉsNOTｉncludedinＤrｅiseｒ’strilｏgｙｏｆｄesireｃonceｒningtheruthlｅｓsｎｅｓｓofｃaｐitａlists?A．ThｅＧenius B.TheFｉnancieｒC.TｈeTiｔan???? ? Ｄ.TｈeＳtoic4．WitｈＨoweｌls,James,ａndMarkＴwainａcｔiｖeontｈｅsｃene,__________ｂｅcａmeｔhemajｏｒtrenｄｉnｔheseｖｅntiesandeighｔiesｏｆthenｉｎetｅｅnｔｈcｅntｕry.A.seｎtimentalｉsm ?B．ｒomanticiｓｍC.ｒealｉsm?? ?? D.naｔurａliｓm5.Fｒoｍ1７32to1758,Franｋlｉnwrotｅａnｄｐｕblisｈｅdhｉsfamous_＿＿_(dá)______,ａｎannｕａlcoｌleｃtｉｏnoｆproverbs.Ａ.Ａｕtoｂioｇｒaphy?? ??B.PoｏｒRichard’ｓAlｍanacC.CoｍmonＳensｅD.TheＧeneralMａgaziｎe6.“TheＡｍeｒiｃaｎRenaｉｓsaｎce”ｉsthepｅriｏdｏｆ__＿_(dá)_＿intheｈistoｒyｏfAmerｉcanlｉtｅｒａｔuｒe.A.lｏcalcolｏrｉsｍ??? ??B．ＲomａｎｔicisｍC.Transｃendentaliｓm ? Ｄ.Coｌonism７．_＿_(dá)____＿＿isMａｒkTwain’ｓｍaｓterwork，thｅonｅｂookfrｏmwhｉcｈasＨeminｇwaynotｅd,“AlｌmｏderｎA(yù)mｅrｉcａｎｌiteraturecomes”.Ａ.TｈeGildedAge???? ?Ｂ.LifeontｈeMissisｓｉppｉC.TheAdｖenｔuresｏfＴomSａwｙｅrＤ.TｈeAdveｎｔureｓofHｕｃkleberryFiｎn8.___＿_(dá)＿_(dá)isthｅｏnｌyAｍerｉcanpｌaywｒightawardedＮobeｌPriｚｅｏfLiteratuｒe.A．ArｔhｕrMｉｌleｒ? ? ?B.EugenｅO’ＮeｉlｌC.TｅnnesseeWilｌiams D.ＳinｃlａirLｅｗis9.WhiｃｈofｔhｅfollowinｇdoesNＯＴｂelonｇtｏ“BｅatＧｅneration”?A.ＪackKeroｕａｃ ? ???B．F.S.FiｔzgeｒaldC.AllenGiｎsbeｒg? ???D.ＷｉlliamBｕrｒougｈｓ1０.＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)_____ｉsidentifieｄasｔhefａt(yī)heroｆｍodｅrｎＡｍerｉｃａｎpoeｔry,whoalsoplａysaｎimportａntroleｉｎtraｎｓmittingChｉnesecultureｔoｔheEｎglish-sｐeａkinｇworld．Ａ.T.S．Eliot? ? B.RobｅrtFrostC.EzraPound ?? ?D.WａｌｔＷhiｔmanI.ＣoloｎialPeriｏｄ:17tｈ～18thTheinflｕenｃeofＰuriｔaｎismonwｒiting:freｓｈ,siｍplｅandpｌainｔraceableｔothｅdirｅctinfluencｅoｆthｅBiblｅfrequｅｎｔreｆeｒencetｏtheｔｅｃhnｉｑueofsymbolismAnneBradstreetTheＴentｈMｕseLaｔelySprungｕpｉnAmeｒicaMｉchaelWigglesworthThｅDayofDoomEdwaｒｄTaｙlor:ａmｅtaphｙｓicalpoetＢenjaminFraｎklin:ｔｈesｐokeｓmanoｆｔheAmerｉcaｎEnlightｅnｍｅnｔ(AgeofReaｓon/GreatAwａkenｉnｇ);creaｔｅdｔheｉmageofthｅYａnkeepseuｄonym：SｉlｅnceＤogoodPoｏｒＲicharｄ’sAlmanａｃＡuｔobiograｐhyＴhｏｍasＰaiｎe（hissｔyle:plain)CｏmmoｎSense—thefｉrｓｔｐａmpｈlｅｔurｇingimmediaｔｅｉｎｄｅpｅｎｄencｅfromＢritａｉn;hismosｔｆamousｐａmphlｅｔ；thegreaｔestoftheRevolutｉonarｙpamphletsPｈｉlipFreｎeaｕThefirstAmeｒican-borｎpoｅt;PoetｏfｔｈeAmerｉcaｎReｖoｌutioｎＴhｅme:natiｏnａｌismTheｂｅgiｎninｇoｆＡmeriｃaｎRomａｎticisｍII.ＲomanｔicPerioｄ:1)EarlｙRｏmａｎtｉcsNｅwEｎglanｄPoｅts(Ｆiｒeside/ＳchｏolrooｍＰoeｔs):HenryWadsｗｏｒthLoｎgfellｏwＴheｓｏnｇｏｆHｉａwａt(yī)ha—theｆｉrｓtAmｅricanepicinｂlanｋｖersｅabouttheAmｅriｃanIndianｓＴheｆiｒsｔAｍericanpoｅttobeｈonoreｄｂyhavinｇｈｉsｂustplacedｉnｔhePoets’ＣｏrnｅｒｏｆWestminsｔerAbbｅyＷilliaｍCullenBrｙant：thｅAmericanWorｄswｏrtｈThａｎatｏpsis(pondｅringonｄｅath)—hisgrｅatestpｏeｍNoｖeｌist：JamesFeｎimoreＣoｏpｅr:thefirsｔsuccesｓｆulAmerｉcanｎovｅｌｉst32novels3kinds:ａbouｔtheｒｅvolutioｎarｙpａｓt—TheSpyaｂouttｈeｓea—Thepilot★aboｕtthｅｆｒｏntier—TheLeａｔherｓtocｋingTales（ＴheＰioneerｓ,ＴheLastoftheＭoｈiｃans,ＴhePrairiｅ,TｈePathfｉnｄer,ａndTｈeDeerｓlaｙｅｒ;pｒotagoniｓt：NａｔtyBumppｏ－－“ｔheeｓｓentｉalAｍericansoul”byD．H．Lａwrｅnce）StｏryＷｒｉterandProseStyｌisｔ:WashingtoｎI(lǐng)rvingＴheＳketｃhＢookｗonｈiminterｎatｉonａｌfａme“RipＶaｎWinｋle”&“TｈｅLｅgｅndoｆSｌｅe(cuò)ｐyHollｏw”“Crａｙｏn”sｔyleIntroｄucedthefａｍｉlｉareｓｓａytｏAmerｉcａII.RomantｉｃＰeriod:2）TraｎｓｃｅndentalistsＮewＥnglandTransｃendｅntaliｓm=AmｅricａnRenaisｓanｃeFeatｕｒes:Ｉtｓtreｓsｅdthｅpoweｒｏfｉntuiｔion.Itｐｌacｅｄspｉrｉtfirstａndｍaｔterseｃｏｎd.ＩtｔoｏｋnaｔureａssymbolicofspiｒiｔorGod.Itｅｍphaｓｉzedthesiｇnｉfiｃancｅofthｅiｎdｉvidｕａl.Itenviｓionｅdreligionａｓanｅmotｉoｎalcｏｍmｕｎiｃatｉｏnbetwｅe(cuò)nanindiｖidualsｏuｌandtheuniveｒsaｌ“Ｏｖersoul”.Itｈeldtｈatcoｍmerceｗａsdegraｄｉng.ＴｈeＴrａｎscｅndeｎtalClｕｂ&theirｊourｎａlＴｈeDialＥssaｙisｔs:ＲａlphＷaldoＥｍerｓonTranｓcｅｎｄentalism’smostsｅminａｌｆｏrｃeTｈeLｙｃeumMoveｍentＮatｕre—“ｔheｍaniｆeｓtooｆAmericantranscｅｎdｅnｔalism”TheAｍｅｒｉcanScholar—“Ａmeriｃa’sＤeclaratｉonofInｔeｌｌectｕalInｄepeｎdeｎcｅ”HeｎｒyDａviｄTｈoreａuＨisfiｒstmajoｒiｎflｕeｎｃe:nonviｏｌｅntstruggleａｓeｘpressediｎｈis“CivｉlDｉsobedienｃｅ”Ｈisseｃondmajorinflｕenｃe:callof“BacktoNaturｅ”Walｄｅn—acｌasｓicoｆAmeｒicanpｒoｓe；readslikｅadiaｒyofanaｔuｒeｌｏverＳｙｍｂolismII.RomanticＰeriod:３)ＨighＲomantｉcsEdgarAlｌanPoeＬiｔｅrａｒytheoｒｉeｓ:1）ＡｔhｅoｒyofPoeｔｒyＴheｍｏｓtimporｔaｎｔpurposｅofｐoetryiｓthecreａt(yī)ionofbｅaｕty（Englishasameｄｉuｍofpuremuｓiｃalanｄrhytｈmiｃｂeaｕty).Thetｏneofiｔshigｈeｓtｍaｎifestaｔioｎｉsoｎｅofｓadness.Thedeathoｆａbｅauｔifulｗomanistｈemostpotｅntiaｌｔopｉc．ｄeａt(yī)ｈ–ｐreｄomｉnantthemeinPoｅ’swrｉting“Poｅｉｓnｏtinｔｅreｓtediｎaｎythｉngａlive.ＥverｙthｉngｉnＰoe’swrｉｔiｎgsｉｓdｅaｄ.”２)AｂｏutHiｓＦicｔｉonThemeｎｔａｌworｌdｏｆtheｐｅｏpleshoｕldｂｅiｌlｕminaｔed．Ｔheprincipleoｆcoｎcentratｉonandthemａt(yī)ictoｔalitysｈouｌdbesｔresｓed．Trutｈｒaｔhｅｒtｈanｂｅａutyisｏftｅｎtheａimoｆｔｈetale．Litｅrarｙａｃhievｅｍeｎts:TheRaｖen—hismoｓtfａmousnａrraｔiｖepoemＤetｅｃtivesｔｏries,ｒaｔｉocinativeｓtories&sｃｉenceｆｉcｔｉonTheＭurｄerｓintheＲｕｅMoｒgueＴhｅFallｏfｔｈｅHouｓｅｏfUsheｒThｅＭasquｅoftheReｄＤeathＷａｌtWhitmａｎLeavｅsoｆＧraｓs(９ｅｄitiｏns）—Amerｉca’sfirstgｅｎuineepｉｃpｏemStyle:fｒeevｅrseTheenvｅlopestruｃｔuｒｅ，cataｌogueｔeｃｈｎiｑｕｅ,ｔｈｏughtrhytｈｍＲeｐｒｅsentsatｕrｎiｎｇpointinthehistoryoｆＡmerｉcanpoｅtｒyEmilｙDickinsonFｏｒtheｗｈｏｌe1９thcｅnturyshewaｓｔhｅonｌywomａnｐoｅtwhoｅｎjoyshighaｃademiｃesteeｍtoday.PｏemsThemｅｓ:religion–douｂtandbｅlieｆaboutｒeligioussｕbjｅctsdeathａndｉmmortaｌitylｏvｅ–sufferingaｎｄｆrustrationcausｅdｂylovephｙsｉcalaspectofdesirenatｕre–ｋiｎdanｄｃｒuｅｌfreeｗiｌlａndhｕmanreｓponｓiｂiliｔｙＮaｔhanieｌHaｗtｈornｅ—thefirstAmericanromａnｃeｒ;tｈefirstmajornoｖｅｌistinEｎglisｈtowｅdmorａlitytoａrtHisnoｖeｌｓwereperhａpsｔｈedeepesｔaｎｄmｏｓｔｐsyｃholｏgiｃalｉntｈe１9ｔｈcｅntury．ＴheScarｌetＬetterHesterＰryｎne，Peａrｌ,Chｉｌlingwｏrｔh,ＤiｍmeｓdalePoinｔｏｆvieｗ:Eviliｓａt(yī)thecｏreoｆｈumaｎｌife.Whereｖerthereiｓsin，thereispｕｎishment.Ｓinorｅｖｉlcanbepassedfromgenerａｔiｏnｔoｇeｎeｒatioｎ.HｅrｍanＭeivｉlle—ａnadｖｅｎturewｒiter,knowｎａs“amanwｈolivｅdwitｈcanｎibals”ＭoｂｙDicｋ—theｆirstＡmeｒicanｐroｓeepic;ｔhｅｇreａt(yī)ｅstAmeｒiｃanｎovｅlbysoｍｅcriticsＡsymboltorｅpreｓentcｒuel,bｒuｔal，mａlｉciouｓｐowersoｆnaｔureTｈｅtechｎiqueｏfmultiｐleｖｉｅwsSｔylｅ:highlｙｓyｍbolicaｎdｍetａphｏricalIII．TｈeAｇeoｆRealismFｅａt(yī)uｒes：ｔｒuthfuldｅscrｉptionoflifetyｐｉcalchａrａcterundeｒtypiｃalcｉｒcuｍstanｃeoｂjectiverathｅrｔhaｎiｄｅａｌｉｚed,closeｏbｓeｒvationａndinvesｔiｇatiｏnoflifｅ“Rｅalisticwritersarelikescｉｅntistｓ.”open-ending：Liｆｅiscｏmpｌexaｎdcanｎoｔｂefuｌlｙunderstoｏｄ.Ｉtｌeavesmｕｃhroｏmfoｒｒｅａｄersｔothiｎkbｙthｅmseｌｖｅs.WｉlliamDeanＨowellsＰroｄuctiveexcepttｈegｅnreｏfpｏetryTheRiｓeofSｉlasＬaphaｍWiｌliamSydneｙPｏｒtｅr(O.Ｈenry)Tｈesurprｉseenｄiｎｇishｉｓspｅcｉalty,e.ｇ．“TheCｏpandtheAnthem”.SｈerwooｄAndeｒｓon:Winesbｕrｇ,Oｈio★ＨｅnrｙJａmes:noveｌsofｍａｎnersＤeｖelopedtheinternaｔiｏnalｎovelＤａｉsｙＭiｌｌerestａblｉsheｄｈisrｅpｕtａｔｉonatｈomeandabroad(themｅ:Ａｍericanｉnnoceｎcevs．Eurｏpeanｓopｈiｓticatｉon)TheAmｂassadorｓ:hiｓmoｓt“pｅrfecｔ”wｏrｋofａrt,claimeｄbｙhiｍsｅlf3ｉnfｌueｎｔiａlsuｂｊects:cｈilｄｒen,nｅwwｏmenandartistsTheoryofｆｉcｔioniｎｈｉｓTheＡrtoｆＦｉｃｔionChiefｃｒiterion：shｏｗinｇrａt(yī)herｔhａntellinｇhｏnors:thefｉrｓtofthe“moｄeｒnｐｓychologicalnoｖelｉsts”A“realiｓtofｔheｉnnerlｉｆｅ”AbrｉdgeofAmericａnandEuｒopeａncultuｒｅｓLocalColｏriｓmThelate18６0ｓtoeaｒly１８70sToｗｒｉteorpｒｅseｎtloｃalchａｒaｃteｒsoｆtｈeirregiｏnsｉntｒuthfｕldｅpictioｎｄiｓｔｉngｕisｈｅdfromｏthｅｒs，usuallyaｖｅrysmallpａrtoftｈｅwｏrld.HamｌｉnGaｒland’s“UｎdeｒtheLiｏn’ｓPaw”HarｒietＢeecherＳtoｗe：ＵnｃｌeＴom’sCabin—ｔhｅgreａt(yī)esｔofallａnti-sｌaveｒyｌiteraturｅMarkTwaiｎ(SamuelCleｍenｓ)—“theLincｏlnofｏurliterature”；thｅtrｕｅfatherofAmericanｌiteratuｒeＯnefamｏusｅssaｙ:“TｏthｅPerｓonSittｉnｇiｎDarknｅｓｓ”Hisgreａt(yī)estａchiｅvemｅnｔ：ThｅAdvｅntuｒesofＨucｋlebｅrryＦｉnnOtherｗorks:Hisｐｅnnamewasｍadｅfaｍousby“TheNotoriｏuｓJumpiｎgFｒｏｇｏftｈeCａlaｖerｕｓCountｙ”;ThｅGiｌｄedAge:asａt(yī)irｅａgaｉnstcorruｐtionThｅＡdvenｔuresofTomSａwyer;LｉfｅontheMissｉssippiｃolloquiａllaｎguage,vernaｃuｌａｒlanｇuａge,dialectｓlocalcｏｌouｒsyｎtacticfｅaｔure:sentｅnceｓａrｅｓｉmpｌe，bｒｉｅｆ,sｏmetiｍｅｓｕｎgrammａt(yī)iｃalhumourtaｌlｔales(ｈigｈlyeｘaggeraｔｅd)ｓociaｌcriｔicｉsm(satｉreoｎtｈedifｆerentugｌythingsｉnsｏｃieｔy)ＩII．ＴheAｇeofReaｌｉｓm:CompａｒｉsonＴhemeHoweｌｌs–middleｃlassJames–upperｃlassＴｗａiｎ–lｏwｅrcｌａｓｓTｅcｈniｑｕｅHowells–genteｅlrｅａlismＪａmes–psyｃｈologicalreaｌiｓｍTwain–loｃaｌcoloｒｉsｍａndcolloquialismＩV.ThｅAgeｏfNａt(yī)uralｉsmRｅａｌisｍvｓ．Natｕｒalism:Thougｈnａt(yī)ｕraｌistｓalsodeｓcrｉbｅrｅａllｉfe,theypｒesｅntharｓｈｅrrealiｔy,usuａlｌythｅviｏlenｔ,ｓｅnｓationａl，uｎpleasaｎt,aｎduｇlｙasｐeｃtｓｏflife.Theiｒｗritingstyｌeａnｄteｃhｎiｑueweremoreinnｏvａt(yī)ive.SｔｅｐhａnCｒａnｅ--ｐesｓiｍismMａｇgie,AGiｒlｏfｔheＳtreets—tｈefiｒｓtnaturａliｓticnovelｗritｔenbyａｎA(yù)mericanTheＲedBaｄｇeofＣｏuｒagｅ—ｈｉｓmosｔfａmousboｏkabｏuｔtheAmericａｎCivｉlWarStyle:ｒｅalisｔｉｃ,ｎatｕralistｉc，ａndｉｍpreｓsｉonisｔicＦrankNorris--optiｍiｓmＭcTeaｇue—theｆirsｔfull-bodｉednａt(yī)uraｌisticＡmericａnnovｅlTheOctｏpus—hismostｉｍpreｓｓiveprｏseepｉｃTｈeｏdorｅDrｅiser–“theｗｈeelｈoｕｓeofAmericaｎnaturａｌism”SisｔｅrCarriｅ:ａｓlavetoherｈeｒedｉtｙandtohereｎvirｏnmentAnＡmericanTｒageｄｙ：ｈismasterpiｅceＳｔyｌｅ:journaｌistiｃｍethodofrｅitｅration,word-pictｕreｓ,shａrpｃontrast,stｕｂｂｏrnhonestyJacｋLondonTheSonoftheWｏｌf—firsｔcollectｉonｏftｈestoriesＴｈeCallｏｆthｅWilｄ—analｌ-timｅbｅstｓelｌeｒHisfictｉｏnhastｈeunuｓualanｄintrｉguｉｎｇｐowｅroｆancｉentmｙth.Thｅoriｇｉnatoroｆanewtypeｏfwriting:rouｇhrｅaｌiｓｍV.ModernPerｉod:1)ＰoｅｔrySｕb-brａncｈｅs:Ｉmａｇisｍ，symbｏlism，iｍpressioｎism,futurｉｓm,constructivism,suｒreａｌｉsm,etcFｅatｕres:Moderｎｉｓｍdｒamatｉzｅddiscontｉｎuitｙ.Modｅrｎisｔshadａsenseoｆfｒagｍentation.Ithaｓastrongａndｃonｓｃiousbreaｋwitｈｔradiｔｉon.(ｓtreamofcｏｎscioｕsneｓｓ)V.ModernPeriod1）ＰoetryＥzｒaPounｄ—thefａｔｈeroｆmodernAmeriｃanpoetrｙCanｔos—ｈｉsmａｊoｒworkofpｏｅtryＣatｈａy—avoluｍeｏfCｈinesetraｎslatｉｏnsStyle:claｒｉty,preｃisioｎanｄaｄirｅｃtconveｒｓaｔｉｏnalｄiｃtｉon，ecoｎｏmｙoｆｖeｒseＩmagismＴ.S．Eliot—ａpoｅt，aｐｌaywright,ａnｄalｉteｒarycriｔｉｃHedecｌaredhiｍselfa“clａｓsicｉstinｌｉteraturｅ,royalｉsｔｉnpoｌitics,andＡnglo-Catholicinreligｉoｎ”ThｅWasｔeLaｎd—aｃentralpoemoｆmｏderｎism；ｒeadｓliｋeamａｎifｅｓｔoofthｅ“ＬoｓｔGeｎeｒatioｎ”ＦｉvｅsegmｅntｓOrgaｎｉzｉngｐriｎciple：thｅmｙthofdｅatｈanｄrｅbirthNewEnglanｄPoets:E.A.ＲobｉｎsｏnwｏnPulitzerfoｒｔｈrｅｅtiｍｅs.RoｂｅrtＬｅe(cuò)Frost—thｅmostpopularAmｅricanpoetfrom1914toｈiｓdeathＨeｗonＰuｌｉtzｅrｆorfourｔｉmes.ＰasｔoralｐoetryV.ModeｒnPｅｒｉod2)FｉctionLosｔGｅneraｔion:TｈｅterｍwasfirsｔusedｂyGｅrtｒudｅＳtein.ErnesｔHｅmiｎgwａy—aＮobelＰｒizeWinner（1954）ＴheSunalsoRｉsesAＦarewelltoＡrms:ｅstabｌｉshedhｉsreｐuｔaｔiｏnａｓａｇrｅaｔＡmeｒiｃａnｗriterForＷhomｔheBｅllTollsTheOldMａnanｄthｅSｅaTelegraphｉcstｙleIcebeｒgtheoｒｙofwｒitｉｎg“ｔhecodehero”FraｎcｉsScottFｉtzｇeraldＴhｉsSｉdeofParａdisｅ—hiｓfiｒstnovｅl；tｈefirsｔAmericannｏvｅlｄepictingthｅｃasuaｌdissｉpationsof“flａminｇｙoutｈ”TheＧreatGatｓbｙ—hisbeｓtnoveｌwhichdeａlswｉthtｈefｒustrationaｎddespaｉrｒeｓuｌtｉｎgfroｍtｈefailureｏftheＡmerｉcａndreaｍ★SinclairLeｗis—tｈefirstＡｍerｉcａnwriterｔoreｃeivethｅNｏbelPｒizefoｒliterature(19３０)ＭainＳtreetsaｔiriｚestheｓmugｐrｏvincialcomplaｃencyoftheｍiｄdlｅｃｌassＢａbbitｔ—hisｍaｓtｅrｐieceThewoｒd“babbiｔtry”meansｅnergeticsｈallｏｗnessａndｓeｌf－satisfａctionSatiｒiｃmonoｌoguｅＪｏhnSteinbecｋ—tｈｅfｏremostwriteｒofthｅGreａt(yī)DｅpressioｎＴheＧrａｐeｓｏfWrath—hｉsｍasterpiｅce，wonaPulitｚerPrizｅAcｏmbinatｉonｏfnａt(yī)ｕralistandsymboliｓttecｈniquｅＶ.ModernPerioｄ：3)DramaEugeｎeO’Nｅill—thefoundｅrｏfmodernAｍericandrama3PuｌｉtｚerPｒiｚes&tｈeNobｅlＰｒｉzeIntrｏdｕcｅdｔreｎdsｏfreａlｉsm,nａt(yī)uralismａndexpresｓionismBeyondtｈeHorizonLonｇDａｙ’sＪｏｕｒneｙｉｎｔoNiｇｈtTenneｓseeWilliａmsTheGlaｓｓMeｎagｅｒiｅＡSｔreetcａｒNaｍｅｄＤesｉｒｅ—woｎhimhｉsfｉrstＰulｉｔzｅrPrｉzｅColloｑuialsoutherｎsｐeechArthurMiｌlerDｅathoｆaSalesｍan—hｉｓmasterpｉece；ａnAｍerｉcanmytｈandacｏｎtempｏｒａｒytraｇeｄｙVI.PｏstwarRealiｓmJohnCｈeeｖer—shorｔfictionJohｎＵｐdike—ｔheｍｏstｒealiｓticofaｌｌthｅpostwaｒrealists;“Ｏliｎger”ｓtoｒiｅsJａmeｓThuｒbeｒ—theｇrｅatestAmｅｒicanliｔeraryhｕmoristｏfthｅ２０thｃenｔurｙJeromｅＳalｉnger—areｐｒｅｓｅntａt(yī)ｉvｅofａlｉｅｎatedyoｕnｇAmerｉcans;genｅｒatiｏngａpTheCatｃheｒiｎtｈeRye—amoｄｅrｎHｕckFinｎVIＩ.Pｏst－ｍodernism：FicｔｉoｎModｅrnismvs．posｔ-modｅrnisｍUnlｉkemodｅrnism,wｈｉcｈsuggｅstedａhistoriｃperioｄ，pｏst-modernｉsmdeｓcribｅｄasensibiliｔｙ,afｅe(cuò)lin