大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教案

Unit2DeerandtheEnergyCyclePreview:1.Learnthevocabuaryandreadthroughthetext2.Scanninglife:Fall::Spring:Period1-2BackgroundInformationandGlobalReadingI.Warm-upandBackgroundInformation2.卡爾達(dá)舍夫等級(jí)1964年，俄羅斯天體物理學(xué)家尼古拉-卡爾達(dá)舍夫提出了這明發(fā)展的三種類型：類型I整個(gè)世界能源的總和。類型II：該文明能夠收集整個(gè)恒星系統(tǒng)的能源。類型III：該文明可以利用銀河系系統(tǒng)的能源而為其所用。II.GlobalReadingPeriod3-4DetailedReadingPartOne(1)Itisenergy,notloveormoney,thatmakestheworldgoround.Somepersonssaythatlovemakestheworldgoround.Othersofalessromanticandmorepracticalturnofmindsaythatitisn'tlove;it'smoney.Butthetruthisthatitisenergythatmakestheworldgoround.Energyisthecurrencyoftheecologicalsystemandlifebecomespossibleonlywhenfoodisconvertedintoenergy,whichinturnisusedtoseekmorefoodtogrow,toreproduceandtosurvive.Onthiscyclealllifedepends.turnanaturalinclinationvt.(oanother);(atohisbeliefs,o;toinafterthatinturnshallfromturnstheturn(ofthecenturyItisfairlywellknownthatwildanimalssurvivefromyeartoyearbyeatingasmuchastheycanduringtimesofplenty,thesummerandfall,storingtheexcess,usuallyintheformoffat,andthenusingthesereservesoffattosurviveduringthehardtimesinwinterwhenfoodisscarce.Butitisprobablylesswellknownthatevenwiththeirstoredfat,wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.isthefunction“eating...,storing...,thenusing...”?n.inreservereserve,&reservescarce:adj.scarce,rare&scarcerareAgoodcaseinpointisthewhiter-taileddeer.Likemostwildlife,deerreproduce,grow,andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune,mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbody'sneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforherfawns.Thebestmilkproductionoccursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable.Thisisgoodtiming,becausemilkproductionisanenergyconsumingprocess—itrequiresalotoffood.Thecostcannotbemetunlesstheregionhasamplefoodresources.ainpoint:aistalkedinininininAphysicallyinconditionfullthesexthatbirthtoavt.form(anidea,etc.)inthebirthtothevt.satisfy;theAsthesummerprogressesandthefawnsgrow,theybecomelessdependentontheirmother'smilkandmoredependentongrowingplantsasfoodsources.Theadultmalesspendthesummergrowingantlersandgettingfat.Bothmalesandfemalescontinuetoeathighqualityfoodinthefallinordertodepositbodyfatforthewinter.Inthecaseofdoesandfawns,agreatdealofenergyisexpendedeitherinmilkproductionoringrowing,andfatisnotaccumulatedasquicklyasitisinfullgrownmales.Fatreservesarelikebankaccountstobedrawnoninthewinterwhenfoodsuppliesarelimitedandsometimesdifficulttoreachbecauseofdeepsnow.“qualityfood”deposit:vt.storeforsafeinajustalargeinInof:vt.&greaterinquantity;collectlittlelittlealargefortune.Asfallturnsintowinter,otherchangestakeplace.Fawnslosetheirspottedcoat.Haironallthedeerbecomesdarkerandthicker.ThechangeinthehaircoatsisusuallycompletebySeptemberandmaximumhairdepthsarereachedbyNovemberorDecemberwhentheweatherbecomescold.Butinaddition,natureprovidesafurthersafeguardtohelpdeersurvivethewinter—aninternalphysiologicalresponsewhichlowerstheirmetabolism,orrateofbodilyfunctioning,andhenceslowsdowntheirexpenditureofenergy.Thedeerbecomesomewhatslowanddrowsy.Theheartratedrops.Animalsthathibernatepracticeenergyconservationtoagreaterextremethandeerdo.Althoughdeerdon'thibernate,theydothesamethingwiththeirseasonalrhythmsinmetabolism.Deerspendmoreenergyandstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenfoodisabundant,andspendlessenergyandusestoredfatinthewinterwhenfoodislessavailable.inadditionafurthernaturalprotectionthethreatthecoldaprotectionsth.預(yù)arethe“internalresponse?thanalittleShesthantorate&rateadj.thannaturalhisguilt.Whenthe"energycrisis"firstcamein1973-1974,IwaslivingwithmyfamilyinacabinontheedgeofanareawheredeerspendthewinterinnorthernMinnesota,observingthedeerastheirbehaviorchangedfrommoreactivityinsummerandfalltolessaswinterprogressed,followedbyanincreaseagaininthespringasthesnowmelted.Itwasinterestingandratheramusingtolistentotheadvicegivenontheradio:"Driveonlywhennecessary,"weweretold."Putonmoreclothestostaywarm,andturnthethermostatonyourfurnacedown."Meanwhilewewatchedthedeerreducetheiractivity,growawintercoatofhair,andreducetheirmetabolismastheyhaveforthousandsofyears.Itisbiologicallyreasonablefordeertoreducetheircostoflivingtoincreasetheirchanceofsurvivinginwinter.Noteverywinteriscriticalfordeerofcourse.Ifthewinterhaslightsnow,survivalandproductivitynextspringwillbehigh.Butifdeepsnowscomeandtheweatherremainscoldforseveralweeks,thenthedeermustspendmoreenergytomoveabout,foodwillbehardertofind,andtheymustthendependmoreontheirfatreservestopullthemthrough.Ifsuchconditionsgoonfortoolongsomewilldie,andonlythelargestandstrongestarelikelytosurvive.Thatisafundamentalruleoflifeforwild,freewanderinganimalsuchasdeer.drivevt.toallaintheclassthe\fromplaceto…(sb.)acrisisadj.basic;PartThree(10-11)Lifedependsonenergy,thusthecyclecontinues.Yes,life—anddeath,too--isacyclethatgoesroundandround,andwhenanimalsdietheirbodiesbecomefoodforotherlifeformstousebyconvertingthemintoenergy.Andthecyclecontinues.Period5-6Practice英語(yǔ)部分否定歸納PartialNegation英語(yǔ)中的部分否定（即不完全否定）有如下一些表示方法：一、all的否定式：notall…（或：all…not）表示"并非都……"、不是所有的都……"例如：Notallmencanbemasters.(=Allmencannotbemasters.)Notallbamboogrowstall.二、bothnot…both(both…not)"并非兩個(gè)……都……"例如：Idon'twantboththebooks.Both(the)windowsarenotopen.三、every…的否定式：不是每……都……"例如：Noteverybookiseducative.(或：Everybookisnoteducative.)Noteveryonelikesthisbook.Thisflowerisnotseeneverywhere.四、always的否定式：……"例如：Heisnotalwayssosad.五、entirely,altogether,completely和quite"不完全……"，并非完全……"例如：Thebusinessmanisnevertobeentirelytrusted.Hefeltnotaltogethersatisfied.Idon'tagreecompletely.Whathedidwasnotquiteproper.六、allthetime的否定式："并非一直……"、"未必老是……"例如：Afoolishmandoesn'tmakeamistakeallthetime.七、not…and…and后面的那一部分。例如：Hedidnotspeakclearlyandcorrectly.Thisfilmisnotinterestingandinstructive.Shecannotsinganddance.如果將and換成ornot對(duì)其后面的兩部分就全盤否定了。Hedidnotspeakclearlyorcorrectly.如要對(duì)上述的all,both,every,always,以及entirely,altogether,completely,quite和allthetime等詞作完全否定，那就分別要用與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的全否定詞,例如：Allofthemcandoit.---Botharegood.---Everybodylikesit.---Heisalwayslate.---Wedon'ttrustthementirely.---Hewashereallthetime.---主++誤：IIIII誤：誤：正：，和3要求：Period1-2BackgroundInformationandGlobalReadingI.BackgroundInformationGlobalReadingPeriod3-4DetailedReading—Iitisin—gullibleinisaisswallowsisitappealsmentality.,Ia,IIa.sspherical.III’tIIII’ts:aIIdon’tI,Is,IaII.II—IsII.?I”aa3Period1-2BackgroundInformationandGlobalReadingI.BackgroundInformationGlobalReadingPeriod3-4DetailedReading—Iitisin—gullibleinisaisswallowsisitappealsmentality.isexaggerating,isinisup,itisIagullible=credulitysuperstitiousingullibleinfirstcredulitycite:vt.(aetc.)cite&citehiscitedArticletheConstitutiontheavt.bringvt.vi.please,attractinteresttheideatoaseriouspublicforetc.foraidfromthecountries.thejudgestotosth.to8.fortovt.(sth.)etc.itreallyis;followinvestigateclosely;takefurtheractionafter(sth.)forof:forof;forlightdiscoveriesthrowlighttheoriginsthethis,IIit.Ifa.siscurveitfollowis.calledislikeIit?firstIisI’tIperfectlyflatItoIthinkingIcan’ttheEarththeorytheEarththeoryrefute:vt.(ato(atoinvisiblevisiblelineseato/afact,asocialit(fromsth.)+thatclause(from+…8.Ioftenissshadow:ittoaIisIdon’tthisblindlyfromarticlesinIRoyal,totellsiswithhisIs,Iatestingit?IItest.foretellthistheirprettysound.Itojustifiedintheirthecast:vt.(lighttosth.alightsth.&tossthrowtoss2.ist