2022-2023學(xué)年上海市青浦區(qū)高三上學(xué)期期末（一模）英語試卷

26/2625/26/青浦區(qū)2022學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高三年級英語學(xué)科期末練習(xí)卷考生注意：1．本試卷共12頁。滿分140分?？荚嚂r間120分鐘。2．答題前，考生務(wù)必在答題卡(紙)上用鋼筆或水筆清楚填寫姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號，并用鉛筆正確涂寫準(zhǔn)考證號。3．答案必須全部涂寫在答題卡(紙)上。如用鉛筆答題，或?qū)懺谠嚲砩弦惨宦刹唤o分。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.At8:00.B.At8:45.C.At8:55.D.At9:15.2.A.Lookingforajob.B.Makinganappointment.C.Buildingawebsite.D.Askingforapresent.3.A.Inamuseum.B.Inacafeteria.C.Inaclinic.D.Inacompanyoffice.4.A.Shehasatightbudgetthisyear.B.Sheissavingmoneyfornewclothes.C.Shedoesn’tlikethemeatpie.D.Sheistryingtoloseweight.5.A.Themanisaproductivenovelist.B.Themanhasn’tdesignedtheplot.C.Themanisstrugglingforthefrontcover.D.Themanhasn’tmadealistofthecharacters.6.A.AskLilytowait.B.Findameetingspot.C.Checkthescheduleofthetrain.D.Makeaphonecall.7.A.Sheislookingforwardtotheshow.B.Sheisclearabouttheshow.C.Shecan’tbetwithherhusband.D.Shedislikesthetopicpresented.8.A.Heisnotsurprisedatthewoman’splayingataconcert.B.Hesuggeststhatthewomanshouldhaveagoodsleep.C.Hefullyunderstandsthewoman’sfeeling.D.Hehassleepingproblemsduetoworry.9.A.Themanhasboughtthewrongmodelcar.B.Themanhasenlargedthemodelcartoomuch.C.Thewomanisalsokeenoncollectingmodelcars.D.Thewomanthinksitunwisetokeepspendingonmodelcars.10.A.Shepreferstoliveonherown.B.Theman’sapartmentistoosmall.C.Shegivesprioritytothebudget.D.Themanisselfishtomaketheoffer.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachoftheshortpassagesandthelongerconversation.Theshortpassagesandthelongerconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Hewillremainphysicallyactive.B.Hecanreducethechanceofinjury.C.Hecanenjoythesunrisewhileexercising.D.Hewillhaveabetterappetiteforbreakfast.12.A.Inthemorning.B.Intheafternoon.C.Intheevening.D.Atnoon.13.A.Thebesttimetoexerciseisanytimeoftheday.B.Regardlessoftimeandsexes,exerciseisbeneficial.C.Differenttimetoexercisewillbringthesameeffect.D.Differentformsofexercisedogoodtoone’sreaction.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Theeffectsofhavingbaddreams.B.Thelatestexperimentsondreams.C.Thereasonswhypeopledream.D.Thescientistswhostudydreams.15.A.Byperseveringintheirattempts.B.Byanalyzingthepuzzlecarefully.C.Bycooperatingwithotherparticipants.D.Bytakinganapanddreamingofthepuzzle.16.A.Itcanremindusofourancestors.B.Itcanforetelldangersaheadofus.C.Itcanrelieveourstressindailylifebadly.D.Itcanmakeustoughwhenunderpressure.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Writedownhernameandaddress.B.Showsomekindofidentification.C.Copysomelettersfromfriends.D.Passherdrivingtest.18.A.Shehasahabitofreadinginlibraries.B.Sheneedstoreadafterthemovetorelax.C.Shewantstomakereadingapartofherholiday.D.Shewishestoknowmoreaboutthelocalpolicy.19.A.Heispatientandhelpful.B.Heisquietandsharp.C.Heiscreativeandinspiring.D.Heiscuriousandkind.20.A.Passportsaremoreusefulthandrivinglicenseintheserviceindustry.B.Librarianscanplaytheroleofthepolicewhenitcomestoidentities.C.Thenumberofbooksonecanborrowisdecidedbythecatalogue.D.Therearealternativestoproveone’sidentityinalibrary.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.CluesatAncientScientistshavefoundtheearliestknownevidenceofcookingatanarchaeologicalsiteinIsrael.Thediscoveryhassuggestedprehistorichumanswereabletodeliberatelymakefirestocookfoodatleastyearsago.ThedetailedstudyoffishteethunearthedattheGesherBenotYa’aqovsiterevealedthatsomeofourearlyancestors—mostlikelyHomoerectus(直立猿人)believedtobethefirsthominin(古人族)____1____(migrate)outsideAfrica—wereabletocookfish,saidDr.IritZohar,aresearcheratTelNohumanremains____2____(find)atthesitebefore,butthestonetoolsmatched____3____foundatHomoerectussitesacrossAfrica,Zoharsaid.Shesaidthelakewouldhavebeenshallow,anditmighthavebeeneasytocatchlargefishliketheextinctLuciobarbuslongiceps,which____4____growupto.5feet(2meters),byhand.Thisisanincrediblyimportantdiscovery____5____theshifttoeatingcookedmealsmeanthumansspentlessenergyontheintensiveworkofsearchingforanddigestingrawfood,freeingup____6____.Diethashadabigimpactontheevolutionofourspecies.Ithasbeensuggested____7____theconsumptionofmeatinparticularcontributedtotheincreaseinrelativebrainsizeofourearlyHomoancestors—buttheyrisked____8____(contract)diseaseswhileconsumingtheuncookedmeatwhichwaslikelytobecontaminatedbyinfectivebacteria,”Linscottsaid.“Cooking,however,killsbacteriaandincreasestheenergeticvalueofmeat,____9____(create)anewreliablefoodsourceforearlyhominins.Understandingwhenthishappenedisthereforeatopicofgreatinterest,becauseitmighthelptoexplain_____10_____ourhomininancestorsevolvedthewayinwhichtheydid.”【答案】1.tomigrate2.hadbeenfound3.those4.could5.because##since##as6.more7.that8.contracting9.creating10.why【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了科學(xué)家在以色列的一處考古遺址發(fā)現(xiàn)了已知最早的烹飪證據(jù)。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，史前人類至少在78萬年前就能從容不迫地生火做飯了?！?題詳解】考查動詞不定式。句意：很可能是直立人，被認(rèn)為是第一個遷移到非洲以外的人類。分析句子可知，此處為thefirst…todo“第一個做某事的……”固定短語，為動詞不定式作后置定語。故填tomigrate?！?題詳解】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：佐哈爾說，此前在該遺址沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)過人類遺骸，但這些石器與在非洲各地直立人遺址發(fā)現(xiàn)的石器相符。根據(jù)句意以及before可知，此處動作應(yīng)為過去的過去，為過去完成時。主語與謂語為被動關(guān)系。故填hadbeenfound【3題詳解】考查代詞。句意：佐哈爾說，此前在該遺址沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)過人類遺骸，但這些石器與在非洲各地直立人遺址發(fā)現(xiàn)的石器相符。分析句子可知，此處為代詞those指代前文提到的同類不同個的名詞stonetools的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填those。【4題詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：她說，這個湖很淺，可能很容易用手捕捉到像已經(jīng)滅絕的長尾魚那樣的大魚，它們可以長到5英尺(2米)。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為情態(tài)動詞could“能夠”，滿足句意要求。故填could。【5題詳解】考查連詞。句意：這是一個非常重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)，因為食用熟食的轉(zhuǎn)變意味著人類在尋找和消化生食物的密集工作上花費的精力更少，從而釋放出更多的精力。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為連詞because/since/as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，滿足句意要求。故填because/since/as?！?題詳解】考查副詞。句意：這是一個非常重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)，因為食用熟食的轉(zhuǎn)變意味著人類在尋找和消化生食物的密集工作上花費的精力更少，從而釋放出更多的精力。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為副詞more“更多”修飾動詞freeingup，滿足句意要求。故填more?！?題詳解】考查連接詞。句意：林斯考特說:“有人認(rèn)為，肉類的消費尤其有助于我們早期人類祖先的相對腦容量的增加，但他們在食用可能被感染細(xì)菌污染的生肉時，有感染疾病的風(fēng)險?！狈治鼍渥涌芍?，此處固定句型ithasbeensuggestedthat…“這表明著……”that為主語從句的連接詞，滿足句子結(jié)構(gòu)。故填that?！?題詳解】考查動名詞。句意：林斯考特說:“有人認(rèn)為，肉類的消費尤其有助于我們早期人類祖先的相對腦容量的增加，但他們在食用可能被感染細(xì)菌污染的生肉時，有感染疾病的風(fēng)險?！眗iskdoing“冒險做……”，為動名詞作賓語。故填contracting?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：然而，烹飪可以殺死細(xì)菌，增加肉類的能量價值，為早期人類創(chuàng)造了一個新的可靠的食物來源。分析句子可知，此處為非謂語動詞作狀語，create和邏輯主語Cooking為主動關(guān)系，所以為現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填creating?！?0題詳解】考查連接詞。句意：因此，了解這種情況何時發(fā)生是一個非常有趣的話題，因為它可能有助于解釋為什么我們的古人類祖先會以這種方式進(jìn)化。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為連詞why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，意為“為什么”，在從句中作狀語成分，滿足句意要求。故填why。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.motivateB.accidentallyC.highlightingD.plantationsE.engagingF.apparentG.purposeH.sensitiveI.increasinglyJ.decentK.treatBall-RollingBumbleBeesJustWannaHaveFunPlaytimeisn’tjustforchildren.Lab-keptbumblebeesrollsmallwoodenballsaroundforno____11____purposeotherthanfun,anewstudyreveals.Itsupportsevidencethatbeesexperiencepleasure,____12____theimportanceofprotectingtheminthewildandtreatingthemwellintheirnaturalhabitats.“Itissupercool,”saysElizabethTibbetts,anevolutionarybiologistattheUniversityofMichigan.“Weusuallythinkaboutinsectsasbeingsodifferentthattheylackcomplexbehaviors.”Butnoteveryoneisconvincedthebehaviorisinfactplay.LarsChittka,abehavioralecologistatQueenMaryUniversityofLondon,andhiscolleagues____13____cameacrossthenewevidence.Theteamwasstudyinghowbumblebeeslearncomplexbehaviorsfromtheircomradesbytrainingtheinsectstomovewoodenballstospecificlocations.Ifabeemovedaballtotherightplace,itgotasugary____14____.Theresearchersnoticedthatsomebeesmovedtheballsevenwhennorewardwasoffered.Theyjustseemedtolikegoingbacktothemandplayingaroundwiththemandrollingthemallovertheplace.Thecarefuldesignoftheexperimentshasconvincedhimthebeesareindeed____15____inplay.Becauseplayimpliesacapacitytoexperienceemotions,documentingitininsectscouldhave____16____implications.Insectsare____17____beingraisedforanimalfeed,andtherearenoregulationsgoverningtheirwelfare.Honeybeesarealsoknowntobecomestressedandmore____18____todiseaseandbeecommunitiescollapsewhenindustrializedbeekeeperstransportthemlongdistancesontrucksto____19____andvastfieldswithoutdiverseflowersnearby,Chittkasays.Theresearchershopetheirfindingsmightalso_____20_____greaterfellowfeelingfor—andprotectionof—wildinsects.【答案】11.F12.C13.B14.K15.E16.J17.I18.H19.D20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了滾球大黃蜂只想玩得開心?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：一項新的研究表明，實驗室飼養(yǎng)的大黃蜂除了好玩外，并沒有其他明顯的目的。根據(jù)后文otherthanfun和句意，此處表達(dá)“明顯的”，形容詞作前置定語，F(xiàn).apparent符合題意。故選F?！?2題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：它支持了蜜蜂體驗快樂的證據(jù)，突出了在野外保護(hù)它們并在自然棲息地善待它們的重要性。根據(jù)后文importance，可知此處應(yīng)該表達(dá)“突出”，現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，C.highlighting符合題意。故選C。【13題詳解】考查副詞。句意：倫敦瑪麗女王大學(xué)的行為生態(tài)學(xué)家拉爾斯·奇特卡和他的同事偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的證據(jù)。根據(jù)后文cameacross，可知此處表達(dá)“意外地”，副詞修飾動詞短語作狀語，B.accidentally符合題意。故選B。【14題詳解】考查名詞。句意：如果蜜蜂把球移到正確的位置，它就會得到一份甜蜜的獎賞。根據(jù)后文whennorewardwasoffered，可知此處表達(dá)“獎賞”，名詞作賓語，K.treat符合題意。故選K。【15題詳解】考查動詞。句意：實驗的精心設(shè)計使他確信蜜蜂確實在玩耍。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，beengagingin正在從事某事，E.engaging符合題意。故選E?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：因為游戲意味著一種體驗情感的能力，所以用昆蟲來記錄它可能會有很好的影響。根據(jù)前文Becauseplayimpliesacapacitytoexperienceemotions，可知此處表達(dá)“很好的”，形容詞作前置定語，J.decent符合題意。故選J?！?7題詳解】考查副詞。句意：昆蟲正在不斷增加地用動物飼料飼養(yǎng)，而且沒有管理它們福利的法規(guī)。根據(jù)后文beingraised，可知此處表達(dá)“不斷增加地”，副詞修飾動詞作狀語，I.increasingly符合題意。故選I?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：奇特卡說，眾所周知，當(dāng)工業(yè)化養(yǎng)蜂人用卡車將蜜蜂長途運送到種植園和附近沒有各種花卉的廣闊田野時，蜜蜂會變得壓力重重，對疾病和蜜蜂群落崩潰更為敏感。根據(jù)前文becomestressed，可知推斷此處表達(dá)“敏感的”，H.sensitive符合題意。故選H。【19題詳解】考查名詞。句意：奇特卡說，眾所周知，當(dāng)工業(yè)化養(yǎng)蜂人用卡車將蜜蜂長途運送到種植園和附近沒有各種花卉的廣闊田野時，蜜蜂會變得壓力重重，對疾病和蜜蜂群落崩潰更為敏感。根據(jù)后文vastfields，可知此處表達(dá)“種植園”，D.plantations符合題意。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動詞。句意：研究人員希望，他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)也能激發(fā)更多的同伴對野生昆蟲的喜愛和保護(hù)。根據(jù)后文greaterfellowfeelingfor，可知此處表達(dá)“激發(fā)”，情態(tài)動詞接動詞原形，A.motivate符合題意。故選A。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Ifpeopleactuallyembracetheconceptofstress,itcanmakethemstronger,smarterandhappier,aStanfordexpertsays.Onereasonwhyhowyouthinkaboutstressmattersisthatitchangeshowyou____21____stress.Viewingstressas____22____leadspeopletocopeinwaysthatarelesshelpful,whetherit’sdraggingyourfeettoavoidstress,orimaginingworst-casescenes.____23____,viewingstressmorepositivelyseemstoencouragepeopletocopeinwaysthathelpthemthrive,whetherit’stacklingthesourceofstress,____24____socialsupportorfindingmeaninginit.Choosingtoseetheupsideofstressisn’tabout____25____thefactthatstresscanbeharmful.It’sabouttryingtobalanceyourmindsetsothatyoufeellessoverwhelmedand____26____aboutthefactthatyourlifeisstressful.Psychologistshavefoundthattheabilitytoembracestressrequiresahigh____27____foruncertainty.Youhavetobeabletounderstandthattwo____28____oppositethingscanbetrueatthesametime.Itcanbetruethat____29____somethingstressfulcanmakeyousickordepressed,anditcanalsobetruethatthesamestressfulexperiencecanultimatelymakeyoustronger,morecompassionateandmoreresilientovertime.Stressismostlikelytobeharmfulwhenthefollowingconditionsare_____30_____:itfeelsagainstyourwill,outofyourcontrolandutterlylackinginmeaning.Ifyoucan_____31_____anyoftheseconditions—byfindingsomemeaninginit—youcanreducetheharmfuleffectsofstress.Ratherthanbeingasignthatsomethingiswrongwithyourlife,feelingstressedcanbea(n)_____32_____ofhowengagedyouareinactivitiesandrelationshipsthatarepersonallymeaningful.Onesimplemindsetresetthatcanhelpusfaceandfindthegoodinthestressinourlivesistoviewitasa(n)_____33_____tolearnandgrow.Theabilitytolearnfromstressis_____34_____intothebasicbiologyofthestressresponse.Thisiswhyputtingpeoplethroughpracticestressisakey_____35_____techniqueforNASAastronauts,emergencyresponders,eliteathletesandotherswhohavetothriveunderhighlevelsofstress.21.A.contributeto B.agreeto C.respondto D.objectto22.A.beneficial B.distracting C.reliable D.harmful23.A.Infact B.Incontrast C.What’smore D.Afterall24.A.seeking B.arousing C.requiring D.embracing25.A.draining B.analyzing C.reversing D.denying26.A.confused B.unfortunate C.hopeless D.serious27.A.tolerance B.demand C.anxiety D.preference28.A.generally B.seemingly C.inevitably D.significantly29.A.puttingoff B.comingupwith C.takingcareof D.goingthrough30.A.present B.controversial C.constant D.equal31.A.mask B.alter C.enhance D.trace32.A.code B.origin C.monument D.indicator33.A.vacancy B.substitute C.opportunity D.illustration34.A.turned B.built C.broken D.divided35.A.instrumental B.conflicting C.intentional D.training【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.A25.D26.C27.A28.B29.D30.A31.B32.D33.C34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要講的是研究表明如果人們真正接受壓力的概念，它會讓他們更強(qiáng)大、更聰明、更快樂。【21題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：你如何看待壓力很重要的一個原因是它會改變你應(yīng)對壓力的方式。A.contributeto有助于；捐獻(xiàn)；B.agreeto接受；同意；C.respondto回答；對……做出反應(yīng)；D.objectto反對。根據(jù)后文“Viewingstressas____2____leadspeopletocopeinwaysthatarelesshelpful,whetherit’sdraggingyourfeettoavoidstress,orimaginingworst-casescenes.”以及第二段“____3____,viewingstressmorepositivelyseemstoencouragepeopletocopeinwaysthathelpthemthrive,whetherit’stacklingthesourceofstress,____4____socialsupportorfindingmeaninginit.”以及最后一段中的“Theabilitytolearnfromstressis____14____intothebasicbiologyofthestressresponse.”可知無論是視壓力有害還是有益都是我們應(yīng)對壓力做出的不同反應(yīng)。故選C項?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：視壓力為有害，會導(dǎo)致人們以無益的方式來應(yīng)對壓力，無論是磨磨蹭蹭不甘心地逃避壓力，還是想象最壞的情況。A.beneficial有益的；B.distracting分心的，轉(zhuǎn)移注意力的；C.reliable可靠的；可信賴的；D.harmful有害的。根據(jù)空后“l(fā)eadspeopletocopeinwaysthatarelesshelpful,whetherit’sdraggingyourfeettoavoidstress,orimaginingworst-casescenes.”及第二段中的“____3____,viewingstressmorepositivelyseemstoencouragepeopletocopeinwaysthathelpthemthrive,”以及后文的“Stressismostlikelytobeharmfulwhenthefollowingconditionsare____10____:”可知此處是在講人們對于壓力的兩種截然相反的認(rèn)識，能夠積極看待壓力從而促進(jìn)個人成長的就認(rèn)為壓力是有益的，而那些消極面對壓力的人理所當(dāng)然認(rèn)為壓力是有害的了。故選D項?！?3題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：相比之下，更積極地看待壓力似乎會鼓勵人們以幫助他們茁壯成長的方式來應(yīng)對壓力，無論是解決壓力的根源，尋求社會支持還是從中尋找意義。A.Infact事實上；實際上；B.Incontrast與此相反；C.What’smore而且；D.Afterall畢竟；終究。根據(jù)上文“Viewingstressas____2____leadspeopletocopeinwaysthatarelesshelpful,whetherit’sdraggingyourfeettoavoidstress,orimaginingworst-casescenes.”以及空后“viewingstressmorepositivelyseemstoencouragepeopletocopeinwaysthathelpthemthrive,whetherit’stacklingthesourceofstress,____4____socialsupportorfindingmeaninginit.”可知此處是指兩種對待壓力的不同的態(tài)度，由語境可知前后是兩種截然不同的態(tài)度，是一種對比。故選B項。【24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：相比之下，更積極地看待壓力似乎會鼓勵人們以幫助他們茁壯成長的方式來應(yīng)對壓力，無論是解決壓力的根源，尋求社會支持還是從中尋找意義。A.seeking尋找；謀求；B.arousing激發(fā)；喚醒；C.requiring要求；需要；D.embracing擁抱；包含。根據(jù)空后的“socialsupportorfindingmeaninginit.”可知積極應(yīng)對壓力的表現(xiàn)的是發(fā)現(xiàn)壓力的意義或者積極尋求幫助。故選A項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：選擇看到壓力的好處并不是要否認(rèn)壓力可能有害的事實。A.draining使枯竭；排水；B.analyzing分析；解析；C.reversing顛倒；使反轉(zhuǎn)；D.denying否認(rèn)。根據(jù)空前“Choosingtoseetheupsideofstressisn’tabout”以及空后“thefactthatstresscanbeharmful.It’sabouttryingtobalanceyourmindsetsothatyoufeellessoverwhelmedand____6____aboutthefactthatyourlifeisstressful.”可知看到選擇壓力的好處是努力平衡你的心態(tài)，這樣你就不會因為生活壓力太大而感到不知所措和絕望，所以選擇看到壓力的好處并不等于否認(rèn)壓力可能有害。故選D項?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：選擇壓力的好處是努力平衡你的心態(tài)，這樣你就不會因為生活壓力太大而感到不知所措和絕望。A.confused困惑的；混亂的；B.unfortunate不幸的；C.hopeless無望的；絕望的；D.serious嚴(yán)重的；認(rèn)真的。根據(jù)空前的“sothatyoufeellessoverwhelmedand以及空后“aboutthefactthatyourlifeisstressful.”以及后文“Itcanbetruethat____9____somethingstressfulcanmakeyousickordepressed,”可知壓力會讓你覺得生病和絕望，所以如果你選擇看到壓力的好處就不會覺得生活是無助和絕望的。故選C項?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，接受壓力的能力需要對不確定性的高度容忍度。A.tolerance容忍；忍受；B.demand要求；C.anxiety焦慮；D.preference偏愛；偏好。根據(jù)空前“theabilitytoembracestressrequiresahigh”以及空后“foruncertainty.Youhavetobeabletounderstandthattwo____8____oppositethingscanbetrueatthesametime.”以及后文的“Ifyoucan____11____anyoftheseconditions—byfindingsomemeaninginit—youcanreducetheharmfuleffectsofstress.”可知一個人如果想要從壓力中學(xué)習(xí)和成長及必須先要接受和忍耐壓力。故選A項。【28題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：你必須能夠理解兩件看似相反的事情可能同時是正確的。A.generally大概；通常；B.seemingly貌似；看似；C.inevitably不可避免地；D.significantly顯著地；大大地。根據(jù)空后的“oppositethingscanbetrueatthesametime.Itcanbetruethat____9____somethingstressfulcanmakeyousickordepressed,anditcanalsobetruethatthesamestressfulexperiencecanultimatelymakeyoustronger,morecompassionateandmoreresilientovertime.”可知能同時讓你生病、抑郁的事情同時也會讓你變得更強(qiáng)大，這看似是矛盾的，相反的，但實際上卻是一種合理的存在。故選B項?！?9題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：經(jīng)歷一些有壓力的事情會讓你生病或抑郁，這可能是真的，同樣的壓力經(jīng)歷也可能最終會讓你更強(qiáng)大，更有同情心，隨著時間的推移更有韌性。A.puttingoff推遲；B.comingupwith提出；想出；C.takingcareof照料；照看；D.goingthrough經(jīng)歷；體驗。根據(jù)后文“anditcanalsobetruethatthesamestressfulexperiencecanultimatelymakeyoustronger,morecompassionateandmoreresilientovertime.”以及文章最后“Thisiswhyputtingpeoplethroughpracticestressisakey____15____techniqueforNASAastronauts,emergencyresponders,eliteathletesandotherswhohavetothriveunderhighlevelsofstress.”可知只有去體驗?zāi)切┳屓送纯嗄悴艜兊酶鼜?qiáng)大。故選D項。【30題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)以下情況出現(xiàn)時，壓力最有可能是有害的，感覺它違背了你的意愿，超出了你的控制，完全沒有意義。A.present在場的；出場的；B.controversial有爭議的；C.constant持續(xù)不斷的；D.equal相等的；平等的。根據(jù)空前的“Stressismostlikelytobeharmfulwhenthefollowingconditionsare”以及空后的“itfeelsagainstyourwill,outofyourcontrolandutterlylackinginmeaning.”可知此處是在列舉最有可能有害的幾種壓力會在什么情況下出現(xiàn)。故選A項。【31題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你能改變其中的任何一種情況——通過找到其中的意義——你就能減少壓力的有害影響。A.mask掩飾；隱瞞；B.alter改變；變化；C.enhance增強(qiáng)；提高；D.trace追蹤；追溯。根據(jù)后文“byfindingsomemeaninginit”可知要想減少壓力的有害影響就必須做出改變。故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這并是你生活出了問題的一個征兆，而是你在對個人有意義的活動和人際關(guān)系中投入程度的一個標(biāo)志。A.code密碼；B.origin起源；起因；C.monument紀(jì)念碑；D.indicator標(biāo)志；指示信號。根據(jù)空前的“feelingstressedcanbea(n)____12____ofhowengagedyouareinactivitiesandrelationshipsthatarepersonallymeaningful.”可知如果你覺得有壓力，那就暗示著你在對個人有意義的活動和人際關(guān)系中投入程度方面出了問題。故選D項?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一個簡單的心態(tài)重置可以幫助我們面對和發(fā)現(xiàn)生活中壓力的好處，那就是把它視為一個學(xué)習(xí)和成長的機(jī)會。A.vacancy空缺；B.substitute替代品；C.opportunity機(jī)會；D.illustration插圖；說明。根據(jù)上文“Ifyoucan____11____anyoftheseconditions—byfindingsomemeaninginit—youcanreducetheharmfuleffectsofstress.”以及空后的“tolearnandgrow.”可知只有你將壓力看做一個學(xué)習(xí)的好機(jī)會時你才會發(fā)現(xiàn)壓力的益處。故選C項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：從壓力中學(xué)習(xí)的能力是建立在應(yīng)激反應(yīng)的基本生物學(xué)中的。A.turned變成；轉(zhuǎn)動；B.built建造；C.broken打碎；弄壞；D.divided分開；分散。根據(jù)后文“Thisiswhyputtingpeoplethroughpracticestressisakey____15____techniqueforNASAastronauts,emergencyresponders,eliteathletesandotherswhohavetothriveunderhighlevelsofstress.”可知只有將從壓力中學(xué)習(xí)的能力一種建立在應(yīng)激反應(yīng)的基本生物學(xué)中的一個人才能茁壯成長。故選B項?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這就是為什么對于NASA宇航員、緊急救援人員、精英運動員和其他人來說經(jīng)歷高壓訓(xùn)練是他們茁壯成長的關(guān)鍵。A.instrumental有幫助的；用樂器演奏的；B.conflicting相矛盾的；不一致的；C.intentional故意的；刻意的；D.training訓(xùn)練的。根據(jù)空前“Thisiswhyputtingpeoplethroughpracticestressisakey”以及空后“techniqueforNASAastronauts,emergencyresponders,eliteathletesandotherswhohavetothriveunderhighlevelsofstress.”可知NASA宇航員、緊急救援人員、精英運動員和其他人要想茁壯成長就必須經(jīng)受住高壓的訓(xùn)練。故選D項。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Arens,adriverofadeliverycompany,wasmakinghisroundsnearapondinBozeman,Montana,whenheheardanunearthlysound.ItwasDecember2018,andabout15feetfromthefrozenbankswasthesourceofthatcry—ahalf-submergedbrown-and-whitewirehaireddog,strugglingtoholdontoathinlayerofice.Howshegottherenooneknows,butanelderlymanwasalreadyonthescene,determinedtosaveher.He’denteredthepondinarowboatandwashackingawayattheicewitharocktocreateapathtothedog.Itwasslowgoing,andArens,44,thoughthestoodabetterchance.Hetookoffhisclothes,eventhoughthetemperaturewas-30℃,andjumpedintotherowboat.Hisheartbeatingfast,Arensslidclosertothedogandusedtheotherman’srocktosmashawayattheice.Hegavehimselfastrongpullandslippedofftheboat,crashinginto16feetoffreezingwater.Heresurfacedintimetoseethedoggoingunder.Usingnervousenergytokeepwarm,heswamaboutfivefeettowardher,grabbedholdofhercollar,andpulledhertotheice.Hethenboostedthedogintotheboatandsliditbacktotheshore,whereanxiousbystanderscarriedthedogtothehomeoftherowboatowner.Onceinthehousehimself,Arensjumpedintoawarmshowerwiththedoguntiltheybothfeltwarmer.Afewmoreminutesinthepond,thevet(獸醫(yī))toldArens,andshewouldhavelikelysufferedheartfailure.Thenextday,Arenswasbackworkinginthesameneighborhoodwhenthedog’sownercameovertothankhimforsavingSadie.Arenssays,“Thatspecialdeliverywasthehighlightofmycareer.”36.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hacking”inparagraphthreemostprobablymean?A.cutting B.finding C.mending D.adopting37.WhydoesArensthink“hestoodabetterchance”(inparagraphfour)accordingtothepassage?A.Hewasabletojumpintotherowboat. B.Hehadbetternervestokeepwarm.C.Hehadanadvantageinage. D.Hewasafasterswimmer.38.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouttheincident?A.Aftersavingthedog,Arenscarriedherhome.B.Arensjumpedintotheriveronseeingthedog.C.Thedogwashuntingwhenshefellintothewater.D.WithoutAren’shelp,thedogcouldhardlysurvive.39.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Astoryofapetlover. B.Aspecialdeliveryofadriver.C.Adogsufferingfromheartattack. D.Afightagainstfreezingwater.【答案】36.A37.C38.D39.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講是一位汽車司機(jī)從冰冷的水里救出一只寵物狗的故事?！?6題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ItwasDecember2018,andabout15feetfromthefrozenbankswasthesourceofthatcry—ahalf-submergedbrown-and-whitewirehaireddog,strugglingtoholdontoathinlayerofice.(那是2018年12月，距離結(jié)冰的河岸大約15英尺的地方傳來了那聲喊叫——一只半淹在水里的棕白相間的毛狗，掙扎著抓住一層薄薄的冰。)”以及第三段“Howshegottherenooneknows,butanelderlymanwasalreadyonthescene,determinedtosaveher.He’denteredthepondinarowboatandwashackingawayattheicewitharocktocreateapathtothedog.(沒有人知道她是怎么到那里的，但一位老人已經(jīng)在現(xiàn)場，決心要救她。他乘劃艇進(jìn)入池塘，用一塊石頭在冰上鑿出一條路，給狗狗開一條路。)”以及第五段“Hisheartbeatingfast,Arensslidclosertothedogandusedtheotherman’srocktosmashawayattheice.(Arens的心怦怦直跳，他向狗靠得更近，用另一個人的石頭砸開了冰。)”可知狗狗被困在了距離結(jié)冰河岸很遠(yuǎn)的地方，所以想要救出它必須破冰找路，所以此處劃線詞的意思應(yīng)與A項cutting意思相近。故選A項。37題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“butanelderlymanwasalreadyonthescene,determinedtosaveher.He’denteredthepondinarowboatandwashackingawayattheicewitharocktocreateapathtothedog.(但一位老人已經(jīng)在現(xiàn)場，決心要救她。他乘劃艇進(jìn)入池塘，用一塊石頭在冰上鑿出一條路，給狗狗開一條路。)”以及第三段“Itwasslowgoing,andArens,44,thoughthestoodabetterchance.Hetookoffhisclothes,eventhoughthetemperaturewas-30℃,andjumpedintotherowboat.(這是一個緩慢的過程，44歲的阿倫斯認(rèn)為他有更好的機(jī)會。盡管氣溫有零下30℃，他還是脫下了衣服，跳進(jìn)了劃艇。)”可知雖然一位老人已經(jīng)在用一塊石頭在冰上鑿冰開路了，但是老人的動作進(jìn)展太緩慢，而44歲的Arens就用石頭鑿冰而言在體力上是有優(yōu)勢的。故選C項。【38題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Hethenboostedthedogintotheboatandsliditbacktotheshore,whereanxiousbystanderscarriedthedogtothehomeoftherowboatowner.(然后他把狗推到船上，把它滑回岸邊，焦急的旁觀者把狗抱到了船主的家里。)”可知Arens救了狗狗之后并沒有將它帶回自己的家，選項A不對；依據(jù)第四段“Itwasslowgoing,andArens,44,thoughthestoodabetterchance.Hetookoffhisclothes,eventhoughthetemperaturewas-30℃,andjumpedintotherowboat.(這是一個緩慢的過程，44歲的Arens認(rèn)為他有更好的機(jī)會。盡管氣溫只有零下30℃，他還是脫下了衣服，跳進(jìn)了劃艇。)可知44歲的Arens并沒有在見到狗狗之后就直接跳進(jìn)了水里，而是等了一個合適的時機(jī)，所以選項B不對；依據(jù)第三段“Howshegottherenooneknows,(沒人知道她是怎么到那里的，)”可知沒有人知道狗狗是如何到了那個地方的，所以不確定是否是在覓食，所以選項C不對，根據(jù)第五段“Hisheartbeatingfast,Arensslidclosertothedogandusedtheotherman’srocktosmashawayattheice.Hegavehimselfastrongpullandslippedofftheboat,crashinginto16feetoffreezingwater.Heresurfacedintimetoseethedoggoingunder.Usingnervousenergytokeepwarm,heswamaboutfivefeettowardher,grabbedholdofhercollar,andpulledhertotheice.Hethenboostedthedogintotheboatandsliditbacktotheshore,whereanxiousbystanderscarriedthedogtothehomeoftherowboatowner.(Arens的心怦怦直跳，他向狗靠得更近，用另一個人的石頭砸開了冰。他用力一拉，從船上滑了下去，掉進(jìn)了16英尺深的冰冷海水中。他及時浮出水面，看見那條狗沉下去了。他用緊張的精力保持體溫，向她游了大約5英尺，抓住的它衣領(lǐng)，把它拉到冰上。然后他把狗推到船上，把它滑回岸邊，焦急的旁觀者把狗抱到了船主的家里。)”可知正是Arens的及時出手救了狗狗，所以沒有Arens的幫助狗狗就不可能活下來。故選D項?！?9題詳解】主旨大意題。文章一二段“Arens,adriverofadeliverycompany,wasmakinghisroundsnearapondinBozeman,Montana,whenheheardanunearthlysound.(Arens是一家快遞公司的司機(jī)，當(dāng)時他正在蒙大拿州Bozeman的一個池塘附近巡視，突然聽到了一種不尋常的聲音。)”以及“ItwasDecember2018,andabout15feetfromthefrozenbankswasthesourceofthatcry—ahalf-submergedbrown-and-whitewirehaireddog,strugglingtoholdontoathinlayerofice.(那是2018年12月，距離結(jié)冰的河岸大約15英尺的地方傳來了那聲喊叫——一只半淹在水里的棕白相間的毛狗，掙扎著抓住一層薄薄的冰。)”講的是汽車司機(jī)救狗狗的背景，三、四、五段主要講汽車司機(jī)救狗狗的經(jīng)過，最后四段主要講的是救狗之后的情況以及司機(jī)對這件事的看法?？v觀全文，文章都在圍繞著快遞司機(jī)的救狗經(jīng)過展開，所以選項BAspecialdeliveryofadriver作為文章的題目最合適。故選B項。(B)TheUKdoesn’thavethebestreputationregardingfoodwaste.Luckily,it’seasytolearnhowtochangetheseunsustainablehabi