從命題的角度來解決高考閱讀理解的細節(jié)題講義-高考英語復(fù)習

從命題的角度來解決高考閱讀理解的細節(jié)題教學目標了解高考閱讀理解細節(jié)題的命題思路了解命題過程中設(shè)置的正確選項和錯誤選項的特點能初步學會對文章的選項進行對錯分析教學復(fù)習上節(jié)課我們講到了高考閱讀理解的題型，主要可分為以下四種隨型：主旨大意題、詞語理解題、事實細節(jié)題、推理判斷題，并對這四種題型的提問方式有了一定的了解。請根據(jù)以下提問方式說出四種題型。（）Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe______（）Thepassageismainlyabout_______（）Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_____.（）Thepassageimplies/suggeststhat_____.（）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?（）Thephrase"…"inthepassagemostprobablymeans_____.（）Theword“...”inPara.Xxisclosestinmeaningto_____.（）Whichofthefollowingisanemergency?事實細節(jié)題在閱讀理解考試中占的比重較大，其試題的提問方式也沒有固定的模式。教學內(nèi)容細節(jié)題命題方向的側(cè)重注意兩個側(cè)重(1)側(cè)重語篇標志詞。語篇標志詞也叫邏輯詞。語篇標志詞表明了文章的句子和句子及段落和段落的邏輯關(guān)系，把握標志詞能在我們的閱讀過程中有所側(cè)重。英語中的語篇標志詞主要有：①舉例(forexample)：②比較();③轉(zhuǎn)折()；④因果();⑤條件();⑥目的(不定式todo/介詞for)等。(2)側(cè)重長句、難句。英語的表達中，長句較多，特別是理論性很強的文章更是如此。長句是英語的一個特點，英語作者通過較長的句子來表達復(fù)雜的思想內(nèi)容。實際上，很多閱讀理解題就是針對長句、難句而設(shè)置的。所以，在做閱讀理解題時，應(yīng)該充分重視長句、難句，尤其是應(yīng)該重視這些句子所含的信息。命題中正確選項和錯誤選項的特點正確選項特點：同義替換(1)關(guān)鍵詞替換。把原文中的一些詞換成意義相近的詞,變成正確選項。UK→EnglandThe?bottleneck?is?the?supply?of?teachers.→Theylack?of?teachers.ThereportcametotheBritishonMay21,1941.TheGermanbattleshipBismarck,themostpowerfulwarshipintheworld,wasmovingoutintotheAtlanticOcean.Hertask:todestroytheshipscarryingsuppliesfromtheUnitedStatestowar-tornEngland.TheBismarcksailedintotheAtlanticOcean______.A.tosinktheHoodB.togaincontrolofFranceC.tocutoffAmericansuppliestoBritainD.tostopBritishwarshipsreachingGermany(2)詞性或者語態(tài)的變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性,或者改變原文句子的語態(tài),給考生制造障礙。supply?supplying;won?wasbeatenButinthefight,theBismarckwasslightlydamaged.HercommanderLuetjensdecidedtorunforrepairstoFrance,whichhadatthattimebeentakenbytheGermans.TheBritishforcefollowedher.However,becauseoftheBismarck’sspeedandtheheavyfog,theylostsightofher.LuetjenstriedtosailtoFranceinorderto______.A.havetheshiprepairedB.jointheotherGermansC.gethelpfromtheFrenchD.getawayfromtheBritish(3)正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達,變成正確選項(適用于尋找錯誤選項的題目)。Thebikeunderthetreeisdifferentfromthisone.→Thebikeisnotthesameasthisone.Hiswifeisugly.→Hiswifeisnotthatdifficult.TheBritishhadfearedsuchatask.NowarshipstheyhadcouldmatchtheBismarckinspeedorinfirepower.TheBismarckhadeight15-inchgunsand81smallerguns.Shecouldmoveat30nauticalmiles(海里)anhour.Shewasbelievedtobeunsinkable.ManypeoplebelievedthattheBismarckwasthestrongestonebecauseshe______.A.wasfastandpowerfulB.hadmoremenonboardC.wasunderLuetjens’commandD.hadbiggergunsthanotherships(4)語言簡化。investedallhismoney→financeThebattledidn’tlastlong.TheBismarck’sfirsttorpedo(魚雷)hittheHoodoftheBritish,whichwentdowntakingallbutthreeofher1,419menwithher.Welearnfromthetextthaton24May______.A.theBritishwonthebattleagainsttheBismarckB.theBismarckwonthebattleagainsttheBritishC.theBritishgunfiredamagedtheBismarckseriouslyD.theBismarckfailedinkeepingawayfromtheBritish錯誤選項的特點：偷換概念、無中生有、范圍擴大或縮小、張冠李戴、因果本末倒置、絕對、對一半錯一半。重新再做以上的四道題，說出錯誤選項對應(yīng)的哪幾個特點。教學總結(jié)本節(jié)課我們知道了高考閱讀理解中細節(jié)題命題的兩個側(cè)重點，根據(jù)這兩個側(cè)重點再結(jié)合題干所給出的關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文的關(guān)鍵句進行四個選項的選擇。根據(jù)正確選項和錯誤選項的特點能夠幫我們有效的規(guī)避錯誤答案，從而提升我們的閱讀正確率。當然后續(xù)需要我們做大量的實戰(zhàn)操練，來強化感知其中的規(guī)律。課后作業(yè)（也是下一節(jié)課的內(nèi)容）請根據(jù)以上所學，選擇你認為的正確選項，并分別說出正確選項和錯誤選項對應(yīng)的特點：P1Whyplaygames?Becausetheyarefun,andalotmorebesides.Followingtherules...planningyournextmove...actingasateammember...thereareall“game”ideasthatyouwillcomeacrossthroughoutyourlife.P2Thinkaboutsomeofthegamesyouplayedasayoungchild,suchasrope-jumpingandhid-and-seek.Suchgamesareentertainingandfun.Butperhapsmoreimportantly,theytranslatelifeintoexcitingdramasthatteachchildrensomeofthebasicrulestheywillbeexpectedtofollowtherestoftheirlives,suchastakingturnsandcooperating(合作).P3Manychildren’sgameshaveapracticalside.Childrenaroundtheworldplaygamesthatpreparethemforworktheywilldoasgrown-ups.Forinstance,someSaudiArabianchildrenplayagamecalledbones,whichsharpensthehand-eyecoordination(協(xié)調(diào))neededinhunting.P4Manysportsencouragenationalorlocalpride.Themostfamousgamesofall,theOlympicGames,bringathletesfromaroundtheworldtogethertotakepartinfriendlycompetition.Peoplewhowatchtheeventwaveflags,knowingthatagoldmedalisawinforanentirecountry,notjusttheathletewhoearnsit.Forcountriesexperiencingnaturaldisastersorwar,anOlympicswincanmeansomuch.P5Sportsarealsoaneventthatunitespeople.Socceristhemostpopularsportintheworld.Peopleonallcontinentsplayit--someforfunandsomeforaliving.NicoletteIribarne,aCaliforniasoccerplayer,hasdiscoveredawaytospreadhopethroughsoccer.Hecreatedafoundationtoprovidepoorchildrenwithnotonlysoccerballsbutalsoapromisingfuture.P6Nexttimeyouplayyourfavoritegameorsport,thinkaboutwhyyouenjoyit,whatskillsareneeded,andwhethertheseskillswillhelpyouinotheraspectsofyourlife.1.Throughplayinghid-and-seek,childrenareexpectedtolearnto______.A.beateamleader B.obeythebasicrulesC.actasagrown-up D.predictpossibledanger2.Theunderlinedpartinparagraph2mostprobablymeansthatgamescan________.A.describelifeinanexcitingwayB.turnreal-lifeexper