專題24破解高考閱讀之長(zhǎng)難句（原題版）

?專題24破解高考閱讀之長(zhǎng)句難句_________________________________________________________________________________________考點(diǎn)精考點(diǎn)精講【考情鏈接】高考閱讀文章均選自外刊，“原汁原昧”，尤其閱讀C篇除了生詞量大、篇幅長(zhǎng)、信息量大以外．就是文中句子結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，攙雜了大量的長(zhǎng)句難句，對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的理解會(huì)直接影響我們的閱讀成績(jī)。那么如何破解閱讀理解中的長(zhǎng)難句？長(zhǎng)難句構(gòu)成特征如下：【要點(diǎn)梳理】EQ\o\ac(

,●)1.簡(jiǎn)單句中包含有復(fù)雜的修飾成分。【考例】Swimmingpools,winetasting,andpinksunsets（atnormaleveninghours,not4intheafternoon）filledtheweekend,butthebestpart—particularlytomytaste,a.m.ledbymonthsofcold-weatherrootvegetables—wasa7a.m.adventuretotheSarasotafarmersmarketthatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall.分析：第二個(gè)分句的主語(yǔ)“thebestpart”后帶修飾成分“particularlytomytaste,dulledbymonthsofcold-weatherrootvegetables”,a.m.7a.m.adventure”后,帶修飾成分“totheSarasotafarmersmarket和thatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall”。EQ\o\ac(

,●)2.兩個(gè)句子成分之間被插入語(yǔ)等分隔。【考例】DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsight,myhappinessdeepenedwhenIlearnedthatBrownsGroveFarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty,anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton,where—luckilyforme—Iwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight.分析：先行詞JackDusty和定語(yǔ)從句“where—luckilyforme—Iwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight”之間插入同位語(yǔ)“anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton”。EQ\o\ac(

,●)3.從句套從句，環(huán)環(huán)相扣。【考例】Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons—anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.分析：主語(yǔ)從句中包含一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。EQ\o\ac(

,●)4.某些特殊句式或特殊語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象?！究祭縏odayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.分析：本句考查了V-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。備注：英語(yǔ)句子中還有些非正常語(yǔ)序或結(jié)構(gòu)特殊的句子，如省略句、倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句等。省略句：Thoughwillingtogetstarted（省略weare），wecannotseemtodothejobright.倒裝句：OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMs.Garzafinallysayyes.強(qiáng)調(diào)句：Itisatthehotelthatthecoachpicksuptourists.如果能夠從宏觀上系統(tǒng)掌握英語(yǔ)句法知識(shí)，在閱讀中遇到長(zhǎng)難句時(shí)就能熟練地化繁為簡(jiǎn)，提綱挈領(lǐng)地抓住長(zhǎng)難句大意從而選出正確答案。破解長(zhǎng)難句方法找謂語(yǔ)，定主語(yǔ)一般情況下，一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)形式的動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)其動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者（主語(yǔ)），我們可以根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的意義來(lái)確定其主語(yǔ)。而且，如果一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的謂語(yǔ)形式的動(dòng)詞，則該句可以是并列句或復(fù)合句（并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的情況除外）。如Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumans,heorderedthatfederalfundsnotbeusedforsuchanexperiment---althoughnoonehadproposedtodosoandaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrincetonPresidentHaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswithrecommendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.提主干，去枝葉（從句等）一般情況下，一個(gè)句子中的主句所表達(dá)的信息為主要信息，從句所表達(dá)的信息為次要信息。若句子的主干提煉不出來(lái)，就不能完全把握句子的核心意義，從而導(dǎo)致思維混亂，主次不分。如：First?put?forward?by?the?French?mathematician?PierredeFormatinthe17thcentury，thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds，includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem，andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobe?able?to?study?at?theEco-labPolytechnique.尋關(guān)聯(lián)，辨邏輯一些長(zhǎng)句其實(shí)是由若干分句組成的并列句或復(fù)合句。而這些并列句或復(fù)合句之間需要一些關(guān)聯(lián)詞來(lái)連接。如果我們找準(zhǔn)這些關(guān)聯(lián)詞，就能夠分辨出句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，分別弄清主句的意義和從句的意義，則長(zhǎng)句就容易對(duì)付得多了。要掌握此方法必須對(duì)英語(yǔ)中的常見(jiàn)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞諳熟于心。Whereasawoman’sclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage,itwasn’tunusualtohearamansayhedidn’tknowhisfriend’smarriage?was?inserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecould?sleeponthesofa.看搭配，防隔離有時(shí)一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句或難句是由一個(gè)或多個(gè)搭配構(gòu)成，而且這些搭配中常常出現(xiàn)分隔現(xiàn)象。讀者若受分隔現(xiàn)象的干擾而看不清句子的本來(lái)面目，則對(duì)句意的理解就會(huì)發(fā)生偏差。如：Somecompanieshavemadethemanufacturingofcleanandsafeproducts，tosomedegree，theirmainsellingpointsandemphasizeitintheiradvertising.關(guān)鍵詞，抓線索有時(shí)某些句子句意模糊，讀者理不清頭緒，這時(shí)讀者只能依靠關(guān)鍵詞來(lái)抓，從而在大體上搞清楚句意?？傊?，在碰到長(zhǎng)句和難句時(shí)，要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況靈活運(yùn)用上述方法，在平時(shí)閱讀過(guò)程中要加強(qiáng)對(duì)長(zhǎng)句和難句的句法分析訓(xùn)練。有時(shí)要幾種方法綜合使用才能正確理解句意。如：Weevenhavedifferentwordsforsomefood，meatinparticular,dependingonwhetheritisstilloutinthefieldsorathomereadytobecooked,which?shows?thefactthattheSaxonpeasantsweredoingthefarming,whiletheupperclassNormansweredoingmostoftheeating._____優(yōu)選操優(yōu)選操練【真題回顧】考題分析【考例1】WhywasGarzasmoveasuccess？A.Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.B.Itimprovedherlivingconditions.C.Itenabledhertomakemorefriends.D.Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.主要答題依據(jù)：Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasasuccess，givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.【考例2】WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s？A.Theywereunsureofthemselves.B.Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.C.Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.D.Theyhadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparents.主要答題依據(jù)：“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenoughorfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown，”saysChristineCrosby，publisherofGrand，amagazineforgrandparents.【考例3】Whatmadetheauthorsgettingupearlyworthwhile？A.Havingaswim.B.Breathinginfreshair.C.Walkinginthemorningsun.D.Visitingalocalfarmersmarket.a.m.依據(jù)：Swimmingpools，winetasting，andpinksunsets（atnormaleveninghours，not4intheafternoon）filledtheweekend，butthebestpart—particularlytomytaste，dulledbymonthsofcold-weatherrootvegetables—wasa7a.m.adventuretotheSarasotafarmersmarketthatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall.【考例4】Whatwastheauthorgoingtodothatevening？A.Gotoafarm.B.Checkintoahotel.C.Eatinarestaurant.D.Buyfreshvegetables.主要答題依據(jù)：DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsight，myhappinessdeepenedwhenIlearnedthatBrownsGroveFarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty，anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton，where—luckilyforme—Iwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight.【考例5】Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies，passengerpigeons_______.A.werethebiggestbirdintheworldB.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmericaC.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS主要答題依據(jù)：Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint，thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons—anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates，makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.【考例6】WhatistheauthorsattitudetowardstheexpertsmentionedinParagraph3？A.Tolerant.B.Doubtful.C.Respectful.D.Supportive.主要答題依據(jù)：Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest，thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation._____好題必好題必測(cè)AWhoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性別)are“really,reallysmart.”Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?A.They'reunfair. B.They'reconservative.C.They'reobjective. D.They'restrict.13.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs14.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?A.Improvedglobalcommunication.B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.C.Acceptanceofvictors'concepts.D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GeniusesThinkAlike B.GeniusTakesManyFormsC.GeniusandIntelligence D.GeniusandLuck【長(zhǎng)難句】1.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：____________________________________________________________________翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________2.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性別)are“really,reallysmart.”句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：____________________________________________________________________翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________BYou’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse,”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（來(lái)源）ofplasticpollutionbutthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（說(shuō)明）aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped（傾倒）fromatruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.28.WhatareVonWong’sartworksintendedfor?A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin. B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste. D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.29.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.30.Whateffectwould“TruckloadofPlastic”haveonviewers?A.Calming. B.Disturbing.C.Refreshing. D.Challenging.31.