新課堂英語(yǔ)必修三外研版講義Module6SectionⅠ

Module6OldandNew聽(tīng)歌學(xué)英語(yǔ)——Fillintheblanksafterlisteningtothesong.導(dǎo)讀：WeAretheWorld，中文譯名《天下一家》。由邁克爾·杰克遜和萊昂納爾·里奇共同作曲，由邁克爾·杰克遜獨(dú)自填詞，旨在呼吁世界幫助非洲饑荒人民。WeAretheWorldTherecomesatimewhenwe①hear__a__certain__callWhentheworldmustcometogetherasoneTherearepeopledyingOh，andit’stimeto②lend__a__handtolifeThegreatestgiftofallWecan’tgoonpretendingdaybydayThatsomeone，somewherewillsoon③make__a__changeWe’re④all__a__part__ofGod’sgreatbigfamilyAndthetruth—youknowloveisallweneedWearetheworld，wearethechildrenWearetheoneswhomakeabrighterdaySolet’sstartgivingThere’sachoicewe’remakingWe’resavingourownlivesIt’struewe’llmakeabetterdayJustyouandmeWell，sendthemyourheartSotheyknowthatsomeonecaresAndtheirliveswillbestrongerandfreeAsGodhasshownusByturningstonetobreadAndsoweallmustlendahelpinghandWearetheworld，wearethechildrenWearetheoneswhomakeabrighterdaySolet’sstartgivingThere’sachoicewe’remakingWe’resavingourownlivesIt’struewe’llmakeabetterdayJustyouandmeWhenyou’re⑤down__and__outThereseemsnohope⑥at__allButifyoujustbelieveThere’snowaywecanfallWell，well，well，let’srealizeThatonechangecanonlycomeWhenwestandtogetherasoneWearetheworldWearethechildren天下一家當(dāng)我們聽(tīng)到了懇切的呼喚全世界應(yīng)該團(tuán)結(jié)一致有些地方的人們正逐漸死亡是該伸出援手的時(shí)候了對(duì)生命而言，這是最好的禮物我們不能日復(fù)一日地偽裝下去了總有人會(huì)一瞬間讓世界改變我們都是上帝的大家族中的一員事實(shí)上，我們需要的就是愛(ài)四海皆一家，我們都是神的子民創(chuàng)造美好的未來(lái)要靠我們所以，讓我們開始奉獻(xiàn)自己我們正在做的抉擇是在拯救自己的生命我們真的可以創(chuàng)造更美好的明天就靠你和我將你的心傳遞給他們讓他們明白有人關(guān)心他們他們的生命才能更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、更自由如同上帝啟示我們的借著把石頭變成面包這件事我們都應(yīng)該伸出援手才對(duì)四海皆一家，我們都是神的子民創(chuàng)造美好的未來(lái)要靠我們所以，讓我們開始奉獻(xiàn)自己我們正在做的抉擇是在拯救自己的生命我們真的可以創(chuàng)造更美好的明天就靠你和我當(dāng)你意志消沉、不被接納時(shí)一切似乎全無(wú)希望但只要你相信我們不可能倒下讓我們好好想清楚只能做一個(gè)改變當(dāng)我們像一家人站在一起四海皆一家我們都是神的子民導(dǎo)航知素養(yǎng)——eq\a\vs4\al(Aguidetothemodule)主題語(yǔ)境人與自然自然生態(tài)自然環(huán)境、自然遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)(1)語(yǔ)音：掌握定語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)調(diào)；借助重音、語(yǔ)調(diào)、節(jié)奏等的變化表達(dá)意圖和態(tài)度等。(2)詞匯：date，accommodate，remove，holdback，cometrue，freezing，crash，makesense，bringanendto等的用法。(3)語(yǔ)法：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的縮略。(4)語(yǔ)篇：描述今昔對(duì)比的電子郵件。(5)語(yǔ)用：能夠用一些情感形容詞表達(dá)自己的態(tài)度、情感和觀點(diǎn)。文化知識(shí)了解當(dāng)今世界的發(fā)展和變化，開闊眼界，增強(qiáng)世界意識(shí)和時(shí)代責(zé)任感。語(yǔ)言技能(1)理解性技能：把握語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu)以及語(yǔ)言特征；在聽(tīng)、讀、看的過(guò)程中有選擇地記錄長(zhǎng)城、三峽大壩、世界著名摩天大樓等有關(guān)信息。(2)表達(dá)性技能：根據(jù)表達(dá)的需要選擇詞匯和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)；掌握撰寫電子郵件的要點(diǎn)；能夠正確寫出省略形式的定語(yǔ)從句。SectionⅠIntroduction&ReadingandVocabularyⅠ.重點(diǎn)單詞1．civiladj.民用的；國(guó)內(nèi)的2．cliffn．懸崖；峭壁3．structuren．建筑物；結(jié)構(gòu)4．datevi.始于(某一歷史時(shí)期)5．siten．場(chǎng)所；遺址6．generatevt.發(fā)(電)7．harnessvt.利用；將(自然力)變成動(dòng)力8．poemn．詩(shī)；詩(shī)歌9．submergevt.浸入水中；淹沒(méi)10．globaladj.全球的11．a(chǎn)ccommodatevt.容納(乘客等)→accommodationn．住宿12．constructionn．建造；建設(shè)；建筑→constructvt.建造；建設(shè)13．historicaladj.歷史的；有關(guān)歷史的→historyn．歷史→historicadj.有歷史意義的14．narrowadj.狹窄的→narrowlyadv.狹窄地；勉強(qiáng)地15．removevt.遷移；搬遷→removaln．移動(dòng)；搬遷；調(diào)動(dòng)；除去Ⅱ.核心短語(yǔ)1．date__from起源于2．dream__of夢(mèng)想……3．holdback阻止4．cometrue(夢(mèng)想等)變成現(xiàn)實(shí)Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式1．It__took__six__years__to__buildandcostUS$20billion.它花費(fèi)了6年的時(shí)間建成，耗資200億美元。2．Is__it__possible__to__seetherelicsnowthattheyhavebeensubmerged?既然這些遺址被淹沒(méi)了，那么有可能再被看見(jiàn)嗎？3．Itisthelargesthydro－electricpowerstationanddamintheworldandhascostmore__than__any__other__construction__projectinhistory.這是世界上最大的大壩及水力發(fā)電站，投資超過(guò)歷史上任何其它的建筑工程。1．詞的轉(zhuǎn)化①daten．日期，時(shí)期→vi.始于(某一歷史時(shí)期)②narrowadj.狹窄的→vt.&vi.(使)變狹窄2．詞的派生(1)動(dòng)詞＋tion→名詞①accommodatevt.容納→accommodationn．住宿②constructvt.建造；建設(shè)→constructionn．建造；建設(shè)；建筑(2)前綴re－，意為“再，又”①remove遷移；搬遷②retellv．復(fù)述③rewritev．重寫④refreshv．使恢復(fù)精力；提醒原文呈現(xiàn)TheThreeGorges①Dam②“Wallsofstonetoholdback③cloudsandrain”MaoZedongwroteapoeminwhichhedreamedof④“wallsofstonetoholdbackcloudsandraintillasmoothlakerises⑤inthenarrow⑥gorges”．Nowhisdreamhascometrue．ThepoweroftheYangtzeRiver，whichistheworld’sthirdlongestriver，hasbeenharnessed⑦bytheThreeGorgesDam.TheThreeGorgesDam，whichisthebiggestconstruction⑧projectinChinasincethebuildingoftheGreatWallandtheGrandCanal，hasbeenbuilttocontrol⑨floodingandprovidehydro－electric⑩powerforthecentralregion?China.TheChina.Thedamisnearly200metreshighand1.5kilometreswide.Itisthelargesthydro－electricpowerstationanddamintheworldandhascostmorethananyother?constructionprojectinhistory?.SunYat－sen，whowastheleaderofthe1911Revolution，firstsuggested?theideaofadamacrosstheYangtzeRiverin1919.ThreequartersofChina’senergyisproducedbyburningcoal.In1993，Chinaused1.2billiontonsofcoalforheatingandgenerating?electricity.Unfortunately，burningcoalcausesseriousairpollutionandincreasesglobal?warming.Thedamwillgenerateelectricityequalto?about40milliontonsofcoalwithoutcausingsomuchairpollution.Thereservoir?hasflooded2cities，11counties，140townsandmorethan4，000villages.Morethanamillionpeoplewholivedintheregionhavemovedfromtheirhomes.Nowthey’relivingahappynewlife?indifferentareas.TheThreeGorgesareaisoneofthemostbeautifulareasofChinaandtheprojecthasfloodedsomeofChina’smostfamoushistorical?siteseq\o(○,\s\up3(21))，includingtheQuYuanTemple，theHanWatchtowereq\o(○,\s\up3(22))andtheMoyaCliffeq\o(○,\s\up3(23))carvingseq\o(○,\s\up3(24)).About800historicalrelicseq\o(○,\s\up3(25))havebeensubmergedeq\o(○,\s\up3(26)).Someofthemarebeingremovedeq\o(○,\s\up3(27))andsomearebeingputintomuseums．閱讀清障①gorgen．峽谷②damn．水壩③holdback阻擋④dreamof想象；夢(mèng)想⑤risevi.上升，升起(rose，risen)⑥narrowadj.狹窄的※inwhich引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于連接副詞where，which指代apoem?！鵦ometrue(夢(mèng)想等)變成現(xiàn)實(shí)(不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))⑦h(yuǎn)arnessvt.利用(以產(chǎn)生能量等)※which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾theYangtzeRiver，which在從句中作主語(yǔ)。⑧constructionn．建造；施工；建筑⑨動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)tocontrol...作目的狀語(yǔ)。⑩hydro－electricadj.水力發(fā)電的?regionn．地區(qū)?anyother任何其他的※whichisthebiggestconstruction是which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾TheThreeGorgesDam，which在從句中作主語(yǔ)。?inhistory歷史上※morethananyother意為“比任何別的都多”，是用比較級(jí)形式表示最高級(jí)含義。?suggestvt.建議suggest作“建議”講，后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即謂語(yǔ)用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略?！鵺ho引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞SunYat－sen，who在從句中作主語(yǔ)。?generatevt.產(chǎn)生；引起?globaladj.全球的?本句中形容詞短語(yǔ)equalto...作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾electricity，可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語(yǔ)從句whichisequalto...。?reservoirn．水庫(kù)※who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾Morethanamillionpeople，who在從句中作主語(yǔ)。?livea(n)．..life過(guò)著……的生活?historicaladj.(有關(guān))歷史的historicadj.歷史上著名(或重要)的eq\o(○,\s\up3(21))siten．場(chǎng)所；遺址eq\o(○,\s\up3(22))watchtowern．了望塔；崗樓eq\o(○,\s\up3(23))cliffn．懸崖；峭壁eq\o(○,\s\up3(24))carvingn．雕刻品eq\o(○,\s\up3(25))relicn．遺跡；遺物※includingA＝Aincludedeq\o(○,\s\up3(26))submergevt.沒(méi)入水中；淹沒(méi)eq\o(○,\s\up3(27))removevt.移開；拿開※arebeingremoved和arebeingputinto都是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Step1Lead－inGreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepastfewyears.Canyougiveanexample?Great__changes__have__taken__place__in__China.For__example，the__people’s__living__conditions__have__improved__greatly.It__is__more__convenient__for__them__to__travel，do__some__shopping，have__a__conversation，and__so__on.Step2ReadforthemainideaSkimthetextandmatchthemainideawitheachparagraph.1．Paragraph1A．Thereservoirusedtocausegreatharmtothepeoplelivingaround.2．Paragraph2B．TheThreeGorgesareaisoneofthemostbeautifulareasofChina.3．Paragraph3C．MaoZedongwroteapoemaboutthedam.4．Paragraph4D．Thedamwillgenerateelectricitytoreducepollution.5．Paragraph5E．TheThreeGorgesisthebiggestconstructionprojectinChina.答案1.C2.E3.D4.A5.BStep3ReadfordetailsⅠ.Readthepassageagainandwritequestionsfortheanswers.Example：Whichis__the__world’s__third__longest__river?TheYangtzeRiver.1．Whywas__the__Three__Gorges__Dam__built?Tocontrolfloodingandprovidehydro－electricpower.2．Howhigh__is__the__dam?Twohundredmetres.3．Howwide__is__the__dam?Oneandahalfkilometres.4．Whofirst__suggested__the__idea(of__a__dam__across__the__Yangtze__River)?SunYat－sen.5．Howmuchof__China’s__energy__is__produced__by__burning__coal?Threequarters.6．Howmanyvillages__were__flooded__when__the__dam__was__built?Fourthousand.Ⅱ.Choosethebestanswerforeachquestionaccordingtothetext.1．WhyistheThreeGorgesDamconstructed?A．ToharnesstheYangtzeRiver.B．TocontrolfloodingandprovidepowerforthecentralregionofChina.C．Toreducetheairpollutioncausedbyburningcoal.D．TorealizeMaoZedong’sdream.2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheThreeGorgesDam?A．Itiswallsofstonetoholdbackclouds.B．Itisthethirdlargestdamintheworld.C．Itisnearly200metreshighand15kilometerswide.D．Ithascostmorethananyotherconstructionprojectinhistory.3．Whatisthebenefitaftertheconstruction?A．Manycities，townsandvillageshavebeenflooded.B．Morethanonebillionpeopleintheregionhavemovedfromtheirhomes.C．TheThreeGorgesareahasbecomeoneofthemostbeautifulareasofChina.D．Manyfamoushistoricalsiteshavebeenflooded.4．WhatdoesthewriterthinkoftheconstructionoftheThreeGorgesDamaccordingtothepassage?A．Therewillbemoreadvantages.B．Itwillbringsomeproblems.C．Thedisadvantagesaremuchmorethanadvantages.D．Notmentionedatall.答案1.B2.D3.C4.AⅢ.Analyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．TheThreeGorgesDam，whichisthebiggestconstructionprojectinChinasincethebuildingoftheGreatWallandtheGrandCanal，hasbeenbuilttocontrolfloodingandprovidehydro－electricpowerforthecentralregionofChina.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]修建三峽大壩是自修筑長(zhǎng)城和開鑿大運(yùn)河以來(lái)中國(guó)最大的建筑工程，它控制了長(zhǎng)江的洪災(zāi)并為我國(guó)中部地區(qū)提供電力。2．Thedamwillgenerateelectricityequaltoabout40milliontonsofcoalwithoutcausingsomuchairpollution.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]大壩將要生產(chǎn)相當(dāng)于燃燒4__000萬(wàn)噸煤所生產(chǎn)的電量，但卻不會(huì)造成那么嚴(yán)重的大氣污染。3．TheThreeGorgesareaisoneofthemostbeautifulareasofChinaandtheprojecthasfloodedsomeofChina’smostfamoushistoricalsites，includingtheQuYuanTemple，theHanWatchtowerandtheMoyaCliffcarvings.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]三峽是中國(guó)風(fēng)光最美麗的地區(qū)之一。由于大壩工程，一些著名的歷史遺跡被水淹沒(méi)，包括屈原祠、漢代了望塔和摩崖石刻。Step4SummaryFillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.TheThreeGorgesDam，the1.biggest(big)constructionprojectinChinasincethebuildingoftheGreatWallandtheGrandCanal，hasbeen2.built(build)tocontrol3.flooding(flood)andprovidehydro－electricpower4.forthecentralregionofChina.Thedamisnearly200metreshighand1.5kilometreswide.Itisthelargesthydro－electricpowerstationanddamintheworldandhascostmorethan5.anyotherconstructionprojectinhistory.Thedamwillgenerateelectricityequaltoabout40million6.tons(ton)ofcoalwithout7.causing(cause)somuchair8.pollution(pollute)．Thereservoirhasflooded2cities，11counties，140townsandmorethan4，000villages.Morethanamillionpeoplehavemovedfromtheirhomesandthey’re9.living(live)ahappylifeindifferentareas.TheThreeGorgesareaisoneofthemostbeautifulareasofChinaandtheprojecthasfloodedsomeofChina’smostfamous10.historical__(history)sites.Someofthemarebeingremovedandsomearebeingputintomuseums.Step5GroupworkDiscussion：1．WhataretheadvantagesoftheThreeGorgesDam?2．Whatarethedisadvantages?答案1.Cleanerandcheaperenergyisproduced.2．Floodedtownsandvillages，peoplemovedfromtheirhomes，losthistoricalsites.1．a(chǎn)ccommodatev．容納(乘客)；能提供……膳宿(教材P51)Theairportiswithinfivehours’flyingtimeofhalftheworld’spopulationandisdesignedtoaccommodate80millionpassengersayear.該機(jī)場(chǎng)位于世界上一半人口五小時(shí)飛行時(shí)間以內(nèi)所到達(dá)的距離之內(nèi)，該機(jī)場(chǎng)的設(shè)計(jì)可以容納每年八千萬(wàn)乘客的流量。(1)accommodatesbwithsth給某人提供某物accommodatesthtosth使……適合/迎合……accommodateoneselfto使自己適應(yīng)于……(2)accommodationn.膳食供應(yīng)；住宿①Thisstructurecanaccommodateupto500people.這座建筑物可容納500人。②Itwasverykindofyoutoaccommodatemewiththeticketformyjourney.你真好，為我的旅行提供車票。③Whereverhegoes，hequicklyaccommodateshimselftothechangedconditions.無(wú)論到哪里，他都能很快地適應(yīng)變化的環(huán)境。④Thehighcostofaccommodations(accommodate)makeslifedifficultforstudentsinthiscity.高昂的住宿費(fèi)使在這座城市就讀的學(xué)生生活困難。2．narrowadj.狹窄的；狹隘的；勉強(qiáng)的vt.&vi.(使)變窄；縮小(教材P53)MaoZedongwroteapoeminwhichhedreamedof“wallsofstonetoholdbackcloudsandraintillasmoothlakerisesinthenarrowgorges”．毛澤東寫了一首詞，在這首詞里，他想象了“更立西江石壁，截?cái)辔咨皆朴?，高峽出平湖”的壯麗景觀。(1)anarrowescape九死一生(2)narrowlyadv.勉強(qiáng)地；狹隘地①Wemustnarrowthegapbetweenparentsandchildren.我們必須縮小父母和孩子之間的隔閡。②Onthetown’snarrowstreethenarrowly(narrow)escapedbeingknockeddown.在那個(gè)鎮(zhèn)上的狹窄的街道上，他差點(diǎn)被撞倒。③Thechildhadanarrowescapefromthefire.這個(gè)孩子從火災(zāi)中死里逃生。3．removevt.移開；去除；脫去；摘下；開除；解除(職務(wù))(教材P53)Someofthemarebeingremovedandsomearebeingputintomuseums.有些被搬遷，有些正被搬進(jìn)博物館。(1)remove...from...把……從……移開removefrom...to...從……搬遷到……(2)removeone’sclothes脫下衣服removeone’sdoubt消除某人的疑惑removesbfromschool/office開除/免職①Thestudentremovedhisjacketandbegantoremovetheinkinit.那個(gè)學(xué)生脫掉夾克，開始去除上面的墨水。②Thatdayafterdinner，Iwasbusyremoving(remove)thedishesfromthetablewhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.那天吃完飯，我正忙著收拾桌子上的盤子，這時(shí)突然有人敲門。③Hewas__removed(remove)fromhispositionasachairmanforsomereason.由于某種原因他被免去了主席職務(wù)。④Becauseoftheseriousairpollution，thefamilydecidedtoremovefromthecitytothecountryside.由于空氣污染嚴(yán)重，這家人決定從城市搬到鄉(xiāng)下。1．datefrom(＝datebackto)追溯到，始于(教材P51)MostoftheGreatWalldatesfromtheMingDynasty(1368～1644)．大部分長(zhǎng)城始建于明朝(1368～1644)。(1)outofdate過(guò)時(shí)的，陳舊的uptodate最新式的，現(xiàn)代的(2)todate(＝sofar)迄今；到目前為止fix/setadatefor確定……的日期①Thecustomdatesfrom/backtothe17thcentury.這一習(xí)俗可以追溯到17世紀(jì)。②Thetemplehasalonghistorydating(date)backtotheearlyperiodoftheTangDynasty.這座寺廟歷史悠久，可以追溯到初唐時(shí)期。③Sheoftenwearsclothesthatareup__to__dateandshethrowsawaythosethatareout__of__date．她經(jīng)常穿著時(shí)尚的衣服，扔掉那些過(guò)時(shí)的衣服。④Todate，theyhaven’tsetadatefortheirwedding.現(xiàn)在為止，他們還沒(méi)有定下舉辦婚禮的日期。[溫馨提示]datefrom/backto常指以現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間點(diǎn)為起點(diǎn)，向前追溯到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間，因此在句中作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。故當(dāng)datefrom/backto用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。2．holdback阻止；阻礙；控制；隱瞞(教材P53)MaoZedongwroteapoeminwhichhedreamedof“wallsofstonetoholdbackcloudsandraintillasmoothlakerisesinthenarrowgorges”．毛澤東寫了一首詞，在這首詞里，他想象了“更立西江石壁，截?cái)辔咨皆朴辏邖{出平湖”的壯麗景觀。holdup舉起；支持?。皇雇ｎD，耽誤holdout繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持；忍耐；伸出holdon(打電話時(shí)用語(yǔ))請(qǐng)等一下，不要掛holdonto抓??；保持，不要放棄①Noonecanholdbackthewheelofhistory.誰(shuí)也無(wú)法阻擋歷史的車輪。②Hearingherson’ssuccess，shecouldnotholdbacktearsofjoy.聽(tīng)到兒子成功了，她禁不住流下了喜悅的淚水。③Hold__on__tomyhandwhilewecrossthestreet.當(dāng)我們過(guò)馬路時(shí)，抓住我的手。④Hiscarwasheldupinthetrafficjam，sohewaslatefortheparty.他的車被困于交通堵塞，因此他宴會(huì)遲到了。3．cometrue(預(yù)言、夢(mèng)想等)成為事實(shí)，實(shí)現(xiàn)(教材P53)Nowhisdreamhascometrue.現(xiàn)在他的夢(mèng)想變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。①Theteacher’swordscametrueatlast.老師的話最終變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。②Ibelieveonedaymydreamwillcometrue.我相信有一天我的夢(mèng)想會(huì)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。[易混辨析]cometrue，realizecometrue其中come是系動(dòng)詞，意思是“變成”，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)通常是“希望、理想、夢(mèng)想、愿望”等詞realize作“實(shí)現(xiàn)”講，是及物動(dòng)詞，可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。sthcometrue＝sthberealized，表示某事被實(shí)現(xiàn)了[即學(xué)即用]選用上述詞語(yǔ)填空③Mydreamofbeingadoctorhas__come__trueatlast.④Ihave__realized__my__dreamofbeingadoctoratlast.1．(教材P51)IttooksixyearstobuildandcostUS$20billion.它花費(fèi)了6年時(shí)間建成，耗資200億美元。Ittakessbsometimetodosth“花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”。it為形式主語(yǔ)，后面的不定式短語(yǔ)todosth是真正的主語(yǔ)。此外，take還可表示“需要”之意，Ittakes/tooksthtodosth做某事需要……。(1)sbspendssometime/money(in)doing/onsth某人花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間/金錢做某事(2)sthcosts(sb)sometime/money某事花費(fèi)(某人)多少時(shí)間/金錢(3)sbpayssomemoneyforsth/todosth某人花費(fèi)多少金錢為某事/做某事①Ittookmequitealongtimetounderstandthemeaningofthepainting.我花了相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才理解那幅畫的意義。②Believeitornot，ittakesgreatcourageto__tell(tell)thetruth.信不信由你，說(shuō)實(shí)話需要勇氣。③Shespendstwothirdsofherwagesbuying(buy)fashionableclothes.她把三分之二的工資都用來(lái)買時(shí)髦的服裝。④Howmuchdidyoupayforyournewcar?這輛新車你花了多少錢？2．Unfortunately，burningcoalcausesseriousairpollutionandincreasesglobalwarming.不幸的是，燃煤導(dǎo)致了嚴(yán)重的大氣污染，并且加劇了全球變暖。(1)burningcoal在句中作主語(yǔ)，causes與increases是兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)往往表示一種概念、習(xí)慣或經(jīng)驗(yàn)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。①Growingflowersismyhobby.種花是我的愛(ài)好。②Hisbeing__lateagainmadehisteacherveryangry.他又一次遲到使得他的老師非常生氣。[溫馨提示]動(dòng)名詞與不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別：動(dòng)名詞表示一種抽象的和泛指的動(dòng)作，而不定式則表示一次性的、具體的動(dòng)作。③Swimmingisgoodexercise.游泳是一項(xiàng)不錯(cuò)的運(yùn)動(dòng)。④Toswiminthispollutedriverisbadforyourhealth.在這條被污染了的河里游泳對(duì)你的健康不利。(2)it可代替動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))作形式主語(yǔ)，常用于以下句型中：·Itisnouse/gooddoing...做某事是沒(méi)用的·Itisawasteoftimedoing...做某事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間⑤It’snousecrying(cry)overspiltmilk.覆水難收。⑥It’sawasteoftimearguing(argue)withhim.和他爭(zhēng)論真是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Whataretheeffectsofglobal(全球的)warmingonourclimate?2．Ourofficehasremoved(搬遷)fromShanghaitoBeijing.3．Itwasalargehall，wherealotofpeoplecouldbecomfortablyaccommodated(容納)．4．Themachinegenerates(發(fā))electricity.5．Mr.Whitegaveallthehistorical(有關(guān)歷史的)papersofhisgrandfathertothepubliclibraryaccordingtohisgrandfather’swill.6．Abridgeisastructure(建筑物)builtoverariveroraroadthatallowspeopleorvehiclestocrossfromonesidetotheother.7．Thesestonecarvings(雕刻)datebacktoWarringStatesPeriods.8．Heisstudyingengineering(土木工程)atuniversity.Ⅱ.選詞填空datefrom，dreamof，holdback，underconstruction，cometrue1．TheOscarAwardiswhatalloutstandingactorsandactressesalldream__ofwinning.2．Theymustdosomethingtohold__backrushingfans.3．ThePyramid，whichdates__fromthousandsofyearsago，belongstoEgypt.4．Heworkeddayandnight，andfinallyhisdreamofbecomingateachercame__true．5．Whenwegottothehotel，itwasstillunder__construction．Ⅲ.完成句子1．It__took__us__half__an__hour__to__repairthewashingmachine.我們修理洗衣機(jī)花了半個(gè)小時(shí)。2．Thistowndating__back__toRomantimesattractedmanyvisitors.追溯到羅馬時(shí)期的這座城鎮(zhèn)吸引了很多游客。3．Is__it__possible__for__you__to__finish__readingthisbookbytheweekend?周末前你有可能讀完這本書嗎？4．Ihave__always__dreamed__of/about__visitingtheGreatWall.我一直夢(mèng)想去參觀長(zhǎng)城。5．Ibelieveonedaymydreamwill__come__true/__will__be__realized．我相信有一天我的夢(mèng)想會(huì)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Manyvisitorsvisitthechurchdating(date)from/backtothe13thcenturyeveryyear.2．Thegovernmentwillprovidetemporaryaccommodations(accommodate)foruptothreethousandpeoplewhohavelosttheirhomesintheearthquake.3．Jimwasabletoholdbackhisangerandaquarrelbetweenthetwoboyswasavoided.4．Theboynarrowly(narrow)escapedbeingdrownedintherivernearhishouselastyear.5．Hewas__removed(remove)fromschoolforplayingcomputergamestoooften.6．Ineverdreamedoftherebeing(be)suchaquietplaceinthenoisycity.7．Howmuchtimewillittaketo__repair(repair)theoldbridge?8．Theprojectunderconstruction(construct)inthecitywillbecompletedattheendofthismonth.9．Thebookwhichisbasedonhistorical(history)eventsishelpfulforyoutostudyhistory.10．Heworkeddayandnight，andfinallyhisdreamofbecomingateachercametrue(truly)．Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1．TheotherdaywevisitedanancientchurchinRome，datesfromthesixthcentury.dates→dating或dates前加which2．Mostemployerswillmakeaccommodationswithexcellentemployees.with→for3．Hisdreamtobeanactorhasbeencometrue.去掉been4．Hehasremovedhisfamilyfromthecountrysidethenearbytown.countryside后加to5．Inthecompetitionofthisinternationaltabletennis，shenarrowwonthechampionship.narrow→narrowly6．Ittookherlongerthansheexpectedgetapassport.get前加toⅢ.課文語(yǔ)法填空MaoZedong’sdreamhascome1.true(truly)．TheThreeGorgesDamhasbeenbuilt2.acrosstheYangtzeRiver.TheThreeGorgesDamisanother3.biggest(big)constructionprojectbesidestheGreatWallandtheGrandCanal.Itsaimis4.to__control(control)floodingandprovidehydro－electricpowerforthecentralregionofChina.SunYat－senfirstsuggestedtheidea.5.Though/Althoughthedamhasbroughtaboutmanyproblems，suchasfloodingmanyareasandsomefamous6.historical(history)sites，thedamwillgenerateelectricity7.equal(equally)toabout40milliontonsofcoalwithout8.causing(cause)somuchairpollution.Becauseofthedam，manypeople9.have__removed(remove)fromtheirprevioushomes.Withthehelpofgovernment，theyareliving10.ahappynewlifeindifferentareas.Ⅳ.閱讀理解ATheErieCanalwasthefirstimportantnationalwaterwaybuiltintheUS.ItcrossedNewYorkfromBuffaloonLakeErieTroytoAlbanyontheHudsonRiver.ItjoinedtheGreatLakeswiththeAtlanticOcean.ThecanalservedasarouteoverwhichindustrialgoodscouldflowintotheWest，andmaterialscouldpourintotheEast.TheErieCanalhelpedNewYorkdevelopintothenation’slargestcity.ThebuildingofthecanalwaspaidforentirelybythestateofNewYork.Itcost$7，143，789,butitsoongaineditspricemanytimesover.Between1825，whenthecanalwasopened，and1882，whentollcharges(過(guò)運(yùn)河費(fèi))werestopped，thestatecollected$121，461，891.ForahundredyearsbeforetheEriewasbuilt，peoplehadbeentalkingaboutacanalwhichcouldjointheGreatLakesandtheAtlanticOcean.ThemanwhoplannedtheErieCanalandcarriedtheplanthroughwasDeWittClinton.Thosewhowereagainstthecanallaughinglycalledit“Clinton’sDitch(溝)”．Clintontalkedandwroteaboutthecanalanddrewupplansforit.HeandGovernorMorriswenttoWashingtonin1812toaskforhelpforthecanal，buttheywereunsuccessful.ClintonbecamegovernorofNewYorkin1817,andshortlyafterwards，onJuly4，1817，brokegroundforthecanalinRome，N.Y.Thefirstpartofthecanalwascompletedin1820.Asthecanalgrew，townsalongitscoursedevelopedfast.Thelengthofthecanalis363miles.1．WecanseethattheErieCanal________．A．joinedtheGreatLakestogetherB．crossedNewYorkfromnorthtosouthC．playedanimportantpartindevelopingNewYorkCityD．wasthefirstwaterwaybuiltintheUS答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“TheErieCanalhelpedNewYorkdevelopintothenation’slargestcity.”可知此題答案為C。]2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．TheErieCanalbroughtprofitsofover$114，000，000.B．It’s363milesfromtheGreatLakestotheAtlanticOcean.C．TheWestwasmoreadvancedthantheEastwhenthecanalwasbuilt.D．ManyotherstateshelpedNewYorkbuildthecanal.答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過(guò)比較文章第二段第二句“Itcost$7，143，789...”和第二段最后一句中的“...thestatecollected$121，461，891.”可知此題答案為A。]3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Clintonbrokegroundforthecanalatbothends.B．Clintonstartedbuildingthecanalbeforehebecamegovernor.C．Allpartsofthecanalwerecompletedatthesametime.D．Theconstructionofthecanaltookeightyears.答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句中的“...onJuly4，1817，brokegroundforthecanalinRome，N.Y.”和第二段第三句中的“Between1825，whenthecanalwasopened...”可知此題答案為D。]BPlasticcanbefoundalmostineverything.Thatincludestoys，carsandcomputers.Mostplasticcan—andshould—berecycled.However，manytypesofplasticareoftenthrownaway.Muchoftheplasticrubbishendsupintheocean.Itgetstheremainlyfromlitteronlandandoverflowingsewers(下水道)．Therestisthrowndirectlyintotheseas.It’sreportedthatabout8milliontonsofplasticflowsintotheseaseachyear.That’sequaltoagarbagetruckfullofplasticeveryminute.Plasticcannotfullybreakdown，soonceitreachestheocean，itwillfloatontheseaorsinkintothebottomandthenitmaykillthewildlife.Inresponsetothis__problem，theUnitedNations(U.N.)hosteditsfirst－everOceanConference.Attheconference，theU．N.’s193membernationsreachedanagreement.Theyagreedtotrytheirbesttoprotecttheoceanfrompollution.“Theseahasaspecialrelationshipwithallofusintheworld，buttherelationshipisunderthreatnow，”saidAntonioGuterres，thesecretary－generaloftheU．N.CountriesinAsiahaveagreedtotakesomemeasures.ThepromisefromChina，Thailand，andIndonesiaishopeful.Theyproduceupto60%ofallmarineplasticwaste—becauseofleakage(泄露)fromunderdevelopedgarbage－collectionfacilities.Goodnewsisthatsomescientistsandcompaniesworldwidearedevelopingwaystokeepplasticoutoftheocean.Theyaretryingtoremoveitandrecycleit.Forexample，Dell，acomputercompany，iscreatinglaptoppackaging(包裝)fromrecycledplasticrubbish.Dellpredictsthattheprojectwillprevent16，000poundsofplasticfromenteringtheocean.“Wehopetoencouragemorecompaniestodosomethingforthegrowingenvironmentalissue，”CarlyTatumsays，whoisaDellspokeswoman.However，environmentalistsarenotsooptimistic.Theywarnthatthereisnoquickwaytopreventplasticpollution.Maybetherealsolutionisthateverycountryintheworldshouldmakestrongerlawsontheplasticpollution.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】作者分析了現(xiàn)在海洋所面臨的一個(gè)嚴(yán)峻的問(wèn)題，即塑料污染。4．Accordingtothepassage，howdopeopleusuallydealwithmostplastic?A．Byrecyclingit. B．Byburyingit.C．Bythrowingitaway. D．Bymakingitharmless.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的Mostplasticcan—andshould—berecycled.However，manytypesofplasticareoftenthrownaway.可知，大部分垃圾被扔掉了。]5．Whatdoes“thisproblem”inParagraph2referto?A．Theoceanisseriouslypolluted.B．Thewild