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14考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave__(dá)1___thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactat(yī)higherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually___2___.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.__(dá)_3__(dá)_amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth.Ofevengreater___5___(dá)isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined___6___bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI___(dá)7__bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,___8___,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamat(yī)terofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Forexample,manycollegiat(yī)eandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfat(yī)buta13BMI.Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern6.[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inof7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies8.[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward10.[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]unless11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored16.[A][B]combined[C]settled[D]associated17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without3R9E!u0M&F;R)y'a1X!g?SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Whatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridat(yī)ocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfee(cuò)lingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhat(yī)wasoncee(cuò)xcitingandnewbecomesold-hat(yī);regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itsee(cuò)msmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent。21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?[A]Abighouse[B]Aspecialtour[C]Astylishcar[D]Arichmeal22.Theauthor’sat(yī)titudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat[A]consumersaresometimesirrational[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuriesText2AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatednee(cuò)dtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhat(yī)thecallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystat(yī)isticalimpossibilities.Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownestee(cuò)m,westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandat(yī)tractiveness.Ratherthat(yī)havepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselves’fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbee(cuò)nalteredtoappearmoreandlessat(yī)tractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthat(yī)wehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”,saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves’.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpley‘sstudy,itmakessensethat(yī)whypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves,Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleit’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,”buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat___(dá)___.[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural[D]self-enhancingstrat(yī)egiesareineffective27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople’s______[A]rapidwatching[B]consciouschoice[C]intuitiveresponse[D]automat(yī)icself-defence28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto___(dá)___(dá)[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities[B]believeintheirattractiveness[C]coveruptheirdepressions[D]oversimplifytheirillusions29.Theword“Viscerally”(Line2,para.5)isclosestinmeaningto____(dá)_.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]particularly[D]aggressively30.Itcanbeinferredthat(yī)Facebookisself-enhancer’sparadisebecausepeoplecan____(dá)_.[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsidesText4Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.Whyisthat?Tosomee(cuò)xtentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethat(yī)theattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthat(yī)localauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat(yī)60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.Ministersshouldalsolookatcreat(yī)inggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting£4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2023,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthat(yī)itwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectornee(cuò)dstoacceptthat(yī)weareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.36.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector__(dá)[A]hasattractedmuchattention[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors[C]shoulderstoomuchresponsibility[D]haslostitsrealvalueineconomy37.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas__[A]increaseditshomesupply[B]offeredspendingopportunities[C]sufferedgovernmentbiases[D]disappointedthegovernment38.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay______(dá)_.[A]allowgreat(yī)ergovernmentdebtforhousing[B]stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes[C]preparetoreducehousingstockdebt[D]releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast39.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould_______.[A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders[B]lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments[D]relievetheministersofresponsibilities40.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2023,thegovernmentmay____(dá)__(dá).[A]implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing[B]reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants[C]renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector%]/H0e!`)Z"O&c3~
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SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat(yī)’sperpetuallyhalffall.Butthat’sexactlythekindoffalsedeerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswouldn’trecommend.“Healthyoptimistsmeansbeingintouchwithreality.”saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor,AccordingtoBen-Shalar,realisticoptimistsarethesewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.Ben-Shalarusesthreeoptimisticexercisers.Whenhefeelsdown-sag,aftergivingabadlecture-hegrantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.HeremindshimselfthatmoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.Nextisreconstruction,Heanalyzestheweaklecture,leaninglessons,forthefutureaboutwhat(yī)worksandwhatdoesn’t.Finally,thereisperspective,whichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegroundschemeoflife,onelecturereallydoesn’tmatter.
[page]1s1F-^
c3^1]-u;X.L!T&A"w3z"c?5d5D/n/u#V?SectionIVWritingPartA47.Directions:SupposeyouaregoingtostudyabroadandshareanapartmentwithJohn,alocalstudent.Writehimtoemailto1)tellhimaboutyourlivinghabits,and2)askforadviceaboutlivingthere.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonanswersheet.Donotuseyourownname.PartB48.Directions:WriteyouressayonA(yù)NSWERSHEET.(15points)Youshouldinterpretthechart,andgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)?
?答案
SectionIUseofEnglish
1、【答案】Bconcluded!j$F(d;f0`&E#c!x(I1^7^?【解析】
題干中,一系列的研究已經(jīng)__(dá)___,事實(shí)上,正常體重的人的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要高于超重的人。根據(jù)句義,后面的部分事實(shí)上是研究的結(jié)論,因此concluded
符合題意,其他選項(xiàng)denied(否認(rèn))與意義相反,doubled(翻倍)與題意較遠(yuǎn),ensured(保證)不符合題意,由于研究不能保證后面的事
實(shí),只能得出后面的事實(shí)作為結(jié)論。所以對(duì)的答案為B。,O*c)g&h1b2C#[1\(L
2、【答案】Aprotective(Z-b3@'L$n+|9H/P#E/R?【解析】
題干中,對(duì)于某些健康情況,超重事實(shí)上是有_____。根據(jù)前文研究的結(jié)論,超重能減少罹患疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),說(shuō)明超重具有一定的保護(hù)作用。Dangerous
和文章意思相反,sufficient表達(dá)充足,troublesome表達(dá)有麻煩,不符合題意,所以對(duì)的答案為A。/n)E
p3_!C/c5t
3、【答案】Clikewise&f6S
c$j;F8G?【解析】第三句話中,較重的女人患缺鈣的比例低于較瘦的女人。__(dá)___,在老年人中,一定限度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表達(dá)順接的詞
語(yǔ)。A選項(xiàng)instead表達(dá)逆接的句意關(guān)系,B選項(xiàng)however也表達(dá)逆接,D選項(xiàng)therefore表達(dá)因此,只有C選項(xiàng)likewise意為同樣
地;也,并且。因此對(duì)的答案為C。,S/q
U!T!b*Q3s%Q%?0O?4、【答案】Aindicator?【解析】本句話中,_____(dá),一定限度上超重,經(jīng)常是健康的____(dá)_。A選項(xiàng),表達(dá)指示器,指標(biāo)。B選項(xiàng)objective表達(dá)客觀;C選
項(xiàng)origin表達(dá)來(lái)源,D選項(xiàng)example表達(dá)例子。根據(jù)前面的文章內(nèi)容,已經(jīng)明確指出超重代表了健康,因此超重是健康的指標(biāo)。因此對(duì)的答案為A。
5、【答案】Dconcern-S7i$_4s2F$D$P-u?【解析】本句話的句意是,需要更加__(dá)___是,很難對(duì)肥胖加以定義。A、impact(印象);B、relevance(相關(guān)性);C、assistance(輔助);D、concern(關(guān)注)。前文已經(jīng)說(shuō)到肥胖事實(shí)上有利健康,但是又面臨一個(gè)問(wèn)題,到底如何去定義肥胖,因此需要更加關(guān)
注的是對(duì)肥的定義,其他選項(xiàng)均不符合題意,所以對(duì)的答案為D。?6、【答案】Aintermsof)E0p
^0W"B)D#S%z,A9y?【解析】題干中,肥胖經(jīng)常______體質(zhì)指數(shù),或稱為BMI來(lái)定義。A、intermsof
,根據(jù)……,就……而言。B、Incaseof表達(dá)在某種情況下,
C、infavorof
表達(dá)贊成,以……來(lái)取代,D、inrespectof,關(guān)于……。因此對(duì)的答案為A。在醫(yī)學(xué)研究和臨床測(cè)試中經(jīng)常使用BMI作為衡量受試者健康的重要指標(biāo),希望考生可以記住這一背景知識(shí),方便日后做題。?7、【答案】Cequals?【解析】本題題干中BMI__(dá)___體重除以身高的平方,這里是用文字?jǐn)⑹隽薆MI指數(shù)得出的方法,也就是一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)公式,所以equal符合題
意。Ameasure(測(cè)量)、Bdetermine表達(dá)擬定;Dmodify(修訂)。句義就是BMI等于體重除以身高的平方。
8、【答案】Cinturn?【解析】本題題干中,肥胖__(dá)___(dá)可以提成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和極度肥胖。A、inessence(事實(shí)上、事實(shí)上);B、incontrast(相反地);C、inturn(依次);D、inpart(部分地)。本句是將肥胖依次分級(jí),所以對(duì)的答案為C。0w9^"t2s9X8E
9、【答案】Dstraightforward.m0~7x4]3]6R
【解析】題干中,相比之下,這樣的數(shù)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看起來(lái)_____,事實(shí)上不是的。A、complicated(復(fù)雜);B、conservative(保守)、C、variable(可變的);D、straightforward(直截了當(dāng));這里的數(shù)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指
的就是肥胖指數(shù),肥胖指數(shù)分為三類,并且算法比較簡(jiǎn)樸,所以A復(fù)雜不對(duì)的,B選項(xiàng)保守,用于描述一種數(shù)學(xué)公式,不恰當(dāng),一名患者或一名受試者的BMI一般
是擬定的,因此可變的也不符合題意,D選項(xiàng)straightforward表達(dá)直截了當(dāng),符合題意,因此對(duì)的答案為D。.P,]'U)J%G+@1D5~7e3n?10、【答案】Bwhile2a*L#m'n"`(?"y%w?【解析】本句中,一些人有很高的BMI,事實(shí)上身材正好,____(dá)_其別人有較低的BMI指數(shù),也許_____(dá)。從前半句我們可以看出,有些人
的BMI指數(shù)很高,應(yīng)當(dāng)屬于體重肥胖的人,事實(shí)上身材正好,這里說(shuō)明的是反常的現(xiàn)象,后半句是其別人的BMI指數(shù)較低,而_____較差。A、so(所
以);B、while(而);C、since(由于);D、unless(除非)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有while有轉(zhuǎn)折的含義,其他選項(xiàng)均不符合題意,所以對(duì)的
答案為B。+}$X5s:|.O2K9[
11、【答案】Ashape*{1~&C4q"E6]&p)V-L?【解析】本題可以簡(jiǎn)化為:Some…arefit,whileothers…maybeinpoor.不難看出,前后意義相反,且fit(體型健康)與inpoor
相應(yīng),與之最相關(guān)是Ashape(外形),故為對(duì)的答案。"精神"、"均衡"、"品味"都相差比較遠(yuǎn),可以排除。
12、【答案】Bqualify
【解析】本題順應(yīng)前文意義:有一些人體型很好,有些人體型體型肥胖。接下來(lái)舉例說(shuō)有些專業(yè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員
是肥胖的,"開始"不符;"處在"也不符合句意;"退休"內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān);"被認(rèn)為"符合句意,對(duì)的。7m-P2i$A!@
13、【答案】Cnormal
【解析】本句不難理解:有些人脂肪過(guò)高,但是BMI卻
。所需詞匯明顯是正向的,排除A、B;D屬中性,且不符合句意,C(正常的)契合,為對(duì)的答案。(L5f0g5f9F4U-m'N.I$k*D?14、【答案】Dtendency?【解析】本題解題關(guān)鍵是后半句:tostigmatizeobesity(抵毀肥胖),作為劃線部分的后置定語(yǔ),將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)"選擇""理由""機(jī)會(huì)""傾向"代入劃線處,最符合句意的是D(傾向)。后面一句也進(jìn)
一步證實(shí)了(出現(xiàn)在媒體中的肥胖者臉都是打了馬賽馬的)。9l3{)E8b9`5a"{?15、【答案】Cpictured,L&P9~)@*I
【解析】空格所在句提到了媒體,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,上句講到當(dāng)今我們都污蔑肥胖,所以本句的意思應(yīng)當(dāng)是媒體污蔑肥胖,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,跟媒體相關(guān)系的詞匯只有Cpicture
意思為刻畫,描寫,描述。%m-w/l9y6[
16、【答案】Dassociated,t
p9u
C2F!l!P?【解析】空格所在句的意思是與肥胖____(dá)_的原型涉及懶惰,缺少意志力,對(duì)成功的盼望值不高。空格后面提到的懶惰,缺少意志力和對(duì)成功的盼望
值不高都是與肥胖相關(guān)的表現(xiàn),分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),A.
與。。。相比;B
與。。。相結(jié)合;C.和。。。和解;都不符合題意,只有D與。。。相聯(lián)系,相關(guān)符合句意。
17、【答案】Aeven'~$a)t&|:@1I$X&d'~-L8q?【解析】空格所在句的意思是___(dá)__小孩子蔑視超重,并且對(duì)身材的嘲笑一直是學(xué)校的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。本空格缺少一個(gè)副詞,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境記憶常識(shí),此處應(yīng)當(dāng)填入表達(dá)讓步關(guān)系的詞匯,分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有Aeven
即使符合題意。$q*U
i1f8t
18、【答案】Dgrounded
【解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,空前講到對(duì)肥胖的負(fù)面態(tài)度,空后講到對(duì)健康的關(guān)注,
激發(fā)一批反肥胖的___(dá)_。本句沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)任何轉(zhuǎn)折詞,說(shuō)明空前后所表達(dá)的意思是一致的,反對(duì)肥胖,是基于對(duì)健康的關(guān)注,分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),可以表達(dá)此意思的詞匯,只有選項(xiàng)Dgrounded,意思是基于。?19、【答案】Dpolicies
【解析】解答此題需要聯(lián)系空格后面緊跟著的句子??蘸蟮木渥映霈F(xiàn)了一系列表達(dá)同一個(gè)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)的詞匯,比如
hospitalsystem;ban;manyemployersinstitute,
指向的意思是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)中所出臺(tái)的政策的問(wèn)題,瀏覽四個(gè)選項(xiàng),D選項(xiàng)policies
符合題意,直接入選。(X-M1B.m#s
20、【答案】Bagainst
【解析】本段的主題是反對(duì)肥胖,本句話屬于細(xì)節(jié)的句子,用來(lái)支持這個(gè)主題,空格所在句講到米歇爾奧巴馬已經(jīng)發(fā)起了一個(gè)高知名度的__(dá)___兒童
肥胖,甚至告訴奧茲博士,它代表了我們國(guó)家最大的安全威脅??崭裰腥鄙僭~匯應(yīng)當(dāng)具有反對(duì),反抗的意思,縱觀四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有Bagainst
符合題意。?,t3M-F.O(V.C?SectionIIReadingComprehension?PartA:f1q6G$a
N2f?Text1%N+P7k4Q(s(x,`0k'{
21、【答案】BAspecialtour"^4b&V8G%m9E%k6b?。?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。答案定位在第二段的"itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences…likeinterestingtrips…",意思是"花錢消費(fèi)在經(jīng)歷方面更好……,比如說(shuō)有趣的旅行……",由此可以得知答案是B選項(xiàng)"一場(chǎng)特別的旅行"。?22、【答案】Acritical?【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。答案定位在第三段的"somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit",意思是"普通美國(guó)人一年花兩個(gè)月的時(shí)間看電視,并且看電視幾乎不也許更快樂(lè)",因此可以得知作者對(duì)于看電視的態(tài)度是A選項(xiàng)"批判的"。)P1|$u)t*k;G
W
23、【答案】Draritygenerallyincreasespleasure&I%_.z)k1p
`#A$}"J/f2f"@
【解析】觀點(diǎn)例證題。答案定位在第三段,文章中提到McRib這個(gè)例子,用這個(gè)例子證明的論點(diǎn)是"luxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly",大意是"有節(jié)制地消費(fèi)奢侈品最令人愉悅",D選項(xiàng)正是這句論點(diǎn)句的同義替換。.X.|5\$C-a)n$i"r?24、【答案】Bmayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。答案定位在最后一段的最后一句"mostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent",大意是"大多數(shù)人看完這本書后,認(rèn)為物有所值",因此可以推知B選項(xiàng)是對(duì)的答案。
@"z#w$a8I+u0w7Y
25、【答案】Abalancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney
【解析】主旨題??v觀全文可知,全文重要談?wù)摶ㄥX消費(fèi)和心情愉悅之間的關(guān)系,因此答案定位在A選項(xiàng)。
Text2)P.^;o-G/I-R6b%S4|"T
26、【答案】Aourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh4C#G
m0M(u"p8A(|'e
O-a?【解析】題目問(wèn)
"根據(jù)第一段,社會(huì)心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?"相應(yīng)于文章第一
段第三句"社會(huì)心理學(xué)家對(duì)所謂的‘高于均數(shù)效應(yīng)’或者‘虛幻的優(yōu)越感’進(jìn)行大量的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)我們中70%的人認(rèn)為自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力在平均水平之上……—這些數(shù)
據(jù)明顯都是不也許的。"由此可知,我們對(duì)自己評(píng)價(jià)過(guò)高。故答案為[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh。
27、【答案】Cintuitiveresponse?【解析】題目問(wèn)"視覺(jué)辨認(rèn)被認(rèn)為是人們的什么?"相應(yīng)于文章第三段第三句"視覺(jué)辨認(rèn)是自動(dòng)的心理過(guò)程,這個(gè)過(guò)程依靠直覺(jué)快速發(fā)生,且并不是故意的。"由此可知,視覺(jué)辨認(rèn)被認(rèn)為是人們的直覺(jué)反映。故答案為[C]intuitiveresponse。
28、【答案】Bbelieveintheirattractiveness?【解析】題目問(wèn)"Epley發(fā)現(xiàn)有更高自尊的人傾向于如何"。相應(yīng)到第四段,第二句講到"沒(méi)有證據(jù)顯示那些自我提高最多的人這樣做是為了掩飾自
己的不安全,接著講到:事實(shí)上,那些認(rèn)為自己的形象高于吸引力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人就是那些表現(xiàn)出更高自尊的人,故答案為[B]believeintheirattractiveness。
29、【答案】[A]instinctively%x,q5U;^+J5k:P6B5t?【解析】題目問(wèn)"最接近viscerally的意思的是?"。相應(yīng)到第五段,viscerally所在句講到"許多人討厭照片中的自己,從某種
層面上說(shuō),他們甚至不認(rèn)可照片中的人是他們自己。"而下文又講到facebook是自我拔高者的天堂,在那里人們可以分享最滿意的的照片。"由此可
知,viscerally在本句中是"本質(zhì)上地"意思,故答案為[A]instinctively。?30、【答案】[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides?【解析】題干問(wèn)"我們可以推理出臉書(facebook)之所以是一個(gè)自我拔高者的天堂,是由于人們可以做什么?"相應(yīng)于文章最后一段的第二
句,該句講到"在臉書(facebook)中,人們可以分享最滿意的照片。"下文接著講到"不是人們不誠(chéng)實(shí),而是人們展示了自己最抱負(fù)的形象。"故答案為
[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides。
Text4
I1u;I"`"i8X
36、【答案】[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors?【解析】
根據(jù)本題題干中的關(guān)鍵詞housingsector可以相應(yīng)到文章的第二段,
中間說(shuō)的很多,我們注意到最后有but出現(xiàn),最后應(yīng)當(dāng)是作者真正想要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn),此外這里用了themostsignificant
最高級(jí),所以最后這個(gè)是最重要的一個(gè)因素,politicallycharged和選項(xiàng)B的politicalfactors有相應(yīng)關(guān)系,故選Binvolvescertainpoliticalfactors。?A項(xiàng)的吸引注意沒(méi)有提及,C項(xiàng)的承擔(dān)太多責(zé)任,原文說(shuō)的shouldertheblame,D項(xiàng)說(shuō)的喪失價(jià)值,原文說(shuō)的是不善于表白真正價(jià)值,兩者不一致,故排除。8L:z2]:y/a;A,V/R0x8\
37、【答案】[C]sufferedgovernmentbiases*w5Q'a'T)O&P#v2v'C9F?【解析】經(jīng)濟(jì)合用房曾受到政府的偏見。答案定位到文章第三段最后一句話Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.
政府需要把歷史的偏見放在一邊并且采用一些策略解決我們迫切的住房需求。Suffered
是過(guò)去式,是對(duì)于原文history
的同義反復(fù),biases
是對(duì)原文prejudices的同義反復(fù)。/\+?.|$M+t7`'[?38、【答案】[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing7|$V&f1^2Q%x/U3]?【解析】根據(jù)人名GeorgeOsborne定位得知,此人將會(huì)讓本地政府用來(lái)償還建房借貸的限額變得更加寬松,并且在借貸限額放寬的情況下,將會(huì)另有60,000所房屋在未來(lái)的五年
中建立,并由此拉動(dòng)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的百分之零點(diǎn)六。因此A(允許更大的政府的建房借貸)是對(duì)的的,而B(嚴(yán)禁本地政府建房),C(準(zhǔn)備減少建房借
貸),D(發(fā)布國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)的預(yù)報(bào))都與原文意思不符。(P6U-R$^/s:r?39、【答案】[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments
【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)文章題干定位到第五段,題干考察的是對(duì)穩(wěn)定的租賃環(huán)境的理解。A項(xiàng)的意思是"減少注冊(cè)供應(yīng)者的成本",其中"成本一詞"并
未在文中出現(xiàn),屬于無(wú)中生有。B項(xiàng)的意思是"減少政府接介入的影響",其中"政府介入"并未在文中出現(xiàn),屬于無(wú)中生有。B項(xiàng)的意思是"有助于為新發(fā)展提供
資金支持",其中"為新發(fā)展提供資金支持"相應(yīng)文中的"fundnewdevelopments";C選項(xiàng)中的"contributeto"(意思是有助于)對(duì)英文中的haveasignificantimpact(意思是有重要影響),符合正解的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)原則,所以是對(duì)的選項(xiàng)。7Q6|*m:X,a4[?40、【答案】[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector?【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第三行??疾斓氖牵?23年以后政府的也許性動(dòng)作。A項(xiàng)的意思是"推行更多的政策來(lái)支持住房"與原文意
義相反。B項(xiàng)的意思是重新審閱大規(guī)模公共撥款的需求,與原文倒數(shù)第二段意義相違反。C項(xiàng)的意思是更新可承擔(dān)的住房撥款項(xiàng)目并沒(méi)有提到renew一詞。D項(xiàng)
的意思是停止對(duì)住房部門的大額資助,與原文的倒數(shù)第二句相匹配,故為對(duì)的選項(xiàng)。
"P7Q1Q.L+A.A+P?SectionIIITranslation'q4Y5H*H9M"S!I?46、)h4|9U;d(g2u*C/M
【參考譯文】+c'T3x2f$G4s!G*d$\?大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為樂(lè)觀是無(wú)盡的歡樂(lè),如同總是有半杯水的杯子。但那是一種絕不會(huì)為積極心理學(xué)家所稱道的虛假的快樂(lè)。哈佛大學(xué)的TalBen-Shahar專家說(shuō),"健康的樂(lè)觀主義意味著要活在現(xiàn)實(shí)之中。"在Ben-Shahar看來(lái),現(xiàn)實(shí)的樂(lè)觀主義者會(huì)因勢(shì)利導(dǎo),而非求全責(zé)備。?Ben-Shahar
會(huì)使用三種樂(lè)觀的方法。比如說(shuō),當(dāng)他因搞砸了一場(chǎng)演講而倍感郁悶的時(shí)候,他會(huì)告訴自己這是很正常的事,提醒自己:并不是每一次演講都可以獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng),總
會(huì)有一些人的演講效果不及其別人。接著為改善。他分析了一些效果不好的演講并且從
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