高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)UnitCyberspace單元主題語篇訓(xùn)練一含解析北師大版必修

PAGEPAGE6Unit4單元主題語篇訓(xùn)練APeoplearelesswillingtorelyontheirknowledgeandsaytheyknowsomethingwhentheyhaveaccess(接近)totheInternet,suggestingthatourconnectiontothewebisaffectinghowwethink.ProfessorEvanRisko,oftheDepartmentofPsychologyattheUniversityofWaterloo,ledarecentstudywheretheteamaskedabout100participants(參與者)aseriesofgeneral-knowledgequestions,suchasnamingthecapitalofFrance.Forhalfofthestudy,participantshadaccesstotheInternet.Theyhadtolookuptheanswerwhentheyrespondedthattheydidnotknowtheanswer.Intheotherhalfofthestudy,participantsdidnothaveaccesstotheInternet.Theteamfoundthatthepeoplewhohadaccesstothewebwereabout5percentmorelikelytosaythattheydidnotknowtheanswertothequestion.Furthermore,insomecases,thepeoplewithaccesstotheInternetreportedfeelingasthoughtheyknewlesscomparedtothepeoplewithoutaccess.“WiththepopularityoftheInternet,wearealmostfrequentlyconnectedtolargeamountsofinformation.Andwhenthatdataiswithinreach,peopleseemlesslikelytorelyontheirownknowledge，”saidProfessorRisko.Studyingtheresults,theresearchersthoughtthataccesstotheInternetmightmakeitlessacceptabletosayyouknowsomethingbutareincorrect.Itisalsopossiblethatparticipantsweremorelikelytosaytheydidn'tknowananswerwhentheyhadaccesstothewebbecauseonlinesearchingoffersanopportunitytoconfirmtheiranswer,andtheprocessoffindingouttheanswerisrewarding.“OurresultssuggestthataccesstotheInternetaffectsthedecisionswemakeaboutwhatweknowanddon'tknow，”saidRisko.“Wehopethisresearchhelpsusunderstandhoweasyaccesstolargeamountsofinformationcaninfluenceourthinkingandbehaviour.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了人們現(xiàn)在更多地是依靠互聯(lián)網(wǎng)獲取知識，而不是依賴自身掌握的知識。這說明了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在影響著人們的思想，人們也越來越依靠互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。1．ThestudybyProfessorRiskoshowsthat________.A．weareeasilycheatedbythewebB．thewebismakingourlifeharderC．wearebecomingdependentonthewebD．thewebhelpsusmakecorrectdecisions解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段可知，Risko教授的研究表明人們越來越依靠互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。2．Whatdoweknowaboutthequestionsaskedinthestudy?A．Theywerefunny. B．Theyweresimple.C．Theywerepersonal. D．Theyweredifficult.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“general-knowledgequestions”可知，這些問題非常簡單。3．Inthestudy,theparticipantswithaccesstotheweb________.A．mademoreprogressB．showedlessconfidenceC．gavewronganswersD．showedmoreoptimism解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，能使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的人不如那些不能使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的人對自己有信心。4．Whatdoestheword“data”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Goal. B．Dream.C．Distance. D．Information.解析：選D詞義猜測題。畫線部分的上句提到，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及人們能夠頻繁地接觸到大量的信息，由此可推知，data指的是上一句提到的information。BWhenyouhearaboutsomeonegettinghacked(非法入侵),there'sagoodchanceitstartedwithanemail.Thetrickiscalledphishing(網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚)anditreliesonanunsuspectingsomeoneclickingonalinkinhisorhermail,invitingthehackersinside.Ifyouuseemail,you'vealreadymetphishinginitssimpleforms.Today,however,phishingcomesinmanymoretrickyforms.Itreliesonhackerssendingyouamessagethatlooksitisfromsomeoneyouknowortrust—forinstance,yourbankorafriendoryouremailprovider.Thisformofphishingissoeffectivebecausepeoplewilllettheirguarddowniftheythinkanemailisfromaknowncompanyortheirboss.Asaresult,theyaremuchmorelikelytoclickonalinkthatgiveshackersawayintotheirmailbox.ThisiswhathappenedtoJohnPodesta,theheadoftheDemocraticNationalCommittee,whoclickedonalinkhethoughtwasfromGoogle,andletoutsensitivepoliticalemails.Inthesameway,hackersobtainedprivatephotosofcelebrities(名人)likeKateUptonandJenniferLawrencebysendingthempasswordresetrequeststhatappearedtobefromApple.Andit'snotjustfamouspeople.Moreandmore,hackersaretargetingcompanyemployeeswithemailsthatappeartobefromtheirboss.Ortheywillgetintooneperson'semailandsendmessagestoeveryoneinthecontactlistwithadoubtfullink.Onceagain,becausetheemailisfromaknownsender,peoplearemorelikelytofallforit.Sohowcanyouavoidbeingcaughtinaphishingtrap?Asforindividuals,thereareoftenwaystotellthatanemailisaphishingattempt.Forinstance,misspellingorwronggrammarisabiggiveaway(泄露)．Andthedocumentorthatthehackerswantyoutoclickwillusuallyshowsomethingstrangesuchasextraletters.Ifyouseeanyoftheseredflags(危險(xiǎn)信號),deletetheemailorfindanotherwaytocheckifthesenderisreal.Butthebiggestdefensetophishingiscommonsense.Askyourself,forinstance,whyyou'regettinganemailtoresetyourpasswordsuddenly.Orbedoubtfulaboutanemailthatappearstobefromafriendorfamilymemberaskingyoutoclickonarandomlink.Inaword,wecan'tdefeatphishingaltogetherbecauseitreliesonhuman_natureandournaturalcuriosity.That'swhatmakesitsoeffective—andsodangerous.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)詐騙手段：網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚，并提供了防御之法。5.Howdohackersstealpeople'sinformationthroughphishing?A．Theymainlysendemailsinthenameoftheboss.B．Theyaskpeopletoleavetheirinformationintheemail.C．Theyletpeopleclickonalinkthatlookslikefromareliablesource.D．Theysendmessageswithspellingmistakestodrawpeople'sattention.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“theyaremuchmorelikelytoclickonalinkthatgiveshackersawayintotheirmailbox”可知，黑客是通過讓人們點(diǎn)擊看起來來自可靠來源的鏈接來偷取他人信息的。6．Theauthortakesthecelebritiesasanexampletoindicatethat________.A．it'stheeasiesttocheatcelebritiesB．phishingisveryhardtobeseenthroughC．celebritiesarethemaintargetsofhackersD．everyonecanfallinatrapintermsofphishing解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容及第四段的前兩句可推知，作者以名人為例是想暗示每個(gè)人都可能落入網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚的圈套。7．Whichisthebestwaytofreeyourselffromaphishingtrap?A．Don'tbelievewhatyourfriendssay.B．Deleteanylinklabeledwithredflags.C．Neverclickonanylinkyou'reaskedto.D．Neverdowhatyou'reaskedtobutisgroundless.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段的內(nèi)容可推知，避免落入網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚圈套的最好方法是不要去做一些被要求做的可疑的事情。8．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“humannature”referto?A．Peopletrustothersreadily.B．Humansaregreedyforinterests.C．Humansmuchvaluepersonalfeelings.D．Peoplehaveacuriosityabouttheunknown.解析：選A指代關(guān)系題。結(jié)合文中提到的黑客會以朋友、上司、知名公司、銀行或電郵服務(wù)商的名義發(fā)郵件，以博取人們的信任，從而使人們上當(dāng)可推知，這里所說的人性是指人們愛輕信他人。CFive-year-oldPrisillaPerez,astudentatMeadorElementarySchoolinWillis,wasunhappywithherrecenthaircut,whichresultedfromaseveredisease.WhenstudentsinherclassstartedcallingPrisillaaboy,shefeltashamed,oftencryingandlosingfocusinschool.Herteacher,ShannonGrimm,sympathizedwithherunhappiness.GrimmandPrisilla'smomwereconcerned,buttheirideasdidn'twork.“Wehadclassroomdiscussionsabouthowgirlshaveshorthairandboyshavelonghair,andIshowedthemphotosofmoviestarswithdifferentlooks，”Grimmsaid.“However,itwasn'tsinkingin.”GrimmthoughtaboutPrisillathroughoutthewinterbreak,andonemorning,shehadanidea:Cutoffherhair—ascarythoughtforGrimm,whoworeherhairlongandtookprideinit.“I'veneverhadshorthair,andIstressedaboutitfortwoweeksbeforemakingadecision，”shesaid.OnJan.4,Grimminvitedahairstylistfriendtoherhome.“Itoldhimtokeepgoing,evenifIcried，”shesaid.Theclasslovedtheirteacher'snewdo,especiallyPrisilla,whoexcitedlyranofftheschoolbusthatafternoonyelling,“Mom,MsGrimmcutherhair！”Theteacheralsoboughtmatchingbowsforherselfandthegirl,sotheycouldstyletheirhairtogether.InFebruary,theteacherrecommendedPrisillafortheschooldistrict'sStudentoftheMonthAward,butduringtheMondayceremony,shereceivedasurprise“heromedal”fromthegirl.“Nowwehavematchingawards，”saysGrimm.Prisilla'smother,Maria,saidthatGrimm'sthoughtfulnessbroughthertotears.“Iwasshocked.Iwascrying.Icouldn'tbelieveit—shedidsomethingIwouldn'thavethebraverytodo.Iwillneverforgetthat.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Prisilla因?yàn)槭嵌填^發(fā)而被同學(xué)嘲笑，Grimm老師為了安慰她也剪短了自己的頭發(fā)，這讓Prisilla和她的母親很感動。9．WhywasPrisillaunhappyatschool?A．Shewasn'tsatisfiedwithherteacher.B．Shecouldn'tconcentrateinclass.C．Shewaslaughedatbyherclassmates.D．Shecouldn'tgetonwellwithothers.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“WhenstudentsinherclassstartedcallingPrisillaaboy...losingfocusinschool.”可知，Prisilla在學(xué)校不開心是因?yàn)樗煌瑢W(xué)嘲笑。10．WhatmadeGrimmhaveherownhaircut?A．Praisefromherstudents.B．Devotiontoherstudents.C．RequestofPrisilla'smother.D．Suggestionfromthehairstylist.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“GrimmthoughtaboutPrisilla...shehadanidea:Cutoffherhair”可推知，Grimm老師出于對學(xué)生的關(guān)愛剪短了頭發(fā)。11．WhatcanweknowaboutGrimm?A．Shehad