2022年中考英語解題方法之閱讀理解課件

2022年中考英語解題方法之閱讀理解

類型一：細(xì)節(jié)理解解題方法：針對此類設(shè)題，考生需要在有限的時間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速瀏覽文章，發(fā)現(xiàn)文章中的細(xì)節(jié)信息，然后抓取關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文中來解題。注意：一定要注意勾畫文章中的關(guān)鍵句及關(guān)鍵詞eg，1.Fivepeoplewerewaitingforaninterviewinaroomofacompany(公司).Insidetheroom,theycoulddowhatevertheyliked,exceptusingthephoneortheInternet.Q:Thefivepeoplewerewaitingfor________．

A．a(chǎn)ninterview

B．a(chǎn)meeting

C．a(chǎn)phonecall D．a(chǎn)meal2.LiuXiuxiangwasborninapoorfamily.Whenhewas4,hisfatherdied.Hismotherdevelopedmental(精神的)healthproblems.Whenhewas10,hiselderbrotherandsistersleftandneverreturned.Tomakealiving,Liucollectedrubbish,andinhighschoolheworked18hoursadayduringsummervacations.Howeverdifficultitwas,henevergaveuphisstudy.Q:HowlongdidLiuXiuxiangworkduringsummervacationsinhighschool?A．4hoursaday. B．10hoursaday.C．12hoursaday. D．18hoursaday.類型2：推理判斷此類題型要求考生對文章的內(nèi)容及作者的思路做出合理的判斷和推理，也就是要運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力推斷出隱含在文章中的事實(shí)及暗示的含義。常見的推理判斷有以下三種：1．針對文中細(xì)節(jié)的推斷2．針對文章出處的推斷3．針對作者態(tài)度、語氣、風(fēng)格、傾向、意見等的推斷eg，1.Anotherchoiceiselectricity.Electriccarscanbeasefficient(效能好的)ascarsusinggasoline.Andtheyproducelesspollution.Butelectriccarsthemselvesaremoreexpensive.Goodnewsisthatthecosthasbeenlowerandtherearemoreandmoreplacesforthecarstogetelectricityeversince2010.Q:AccordingtoParagraph3,wecaninferthatelectriccars________．A．producelesspollutionB．willbecomemoreandmoreexpensiveC．willbecomemorepopularD．a(chǎn)remoreefficientthanthoseusinggasoline類型三：詞義/句意猜測此類題目在設(shè)置時，詞義猜測多為生難詞，句意猜測多為同義句的轉(zhuǎn)換，考生需要重點(diǎn)掌握根據(jù)上下文推測生詞、短語或句子意思的技巧。1．根據(jù)上下文語境猜測2．通過同義詞或近義詞猜測詞義3．通過反義詞或反義關(guān)系猜測詞義4．通過生活常識猜測詞義1.Onthethirdmorning,theyarrivedearlier.Still,nonewscame.Bymid-day,mostofthemwereirritated.Somethoughtthecompanydidnotcareforthem.Someregrettedcominghere.Onlyonemanwasdifferent.Hewashappyallthosedays.Hekeptsmilingwhiletheotherscomplained(抱怨)．Q:Theunderlinedword“irritated”inParagraph4probablymeans“________”．A．快活的 B．憤怒的C．放松的 D．膽怯的2.Afterleavingtheearthlastsummer,ZhuRongcircledMarsforseveralmonthsandlandedonitinMay.Inrecentyears,ourcountryhassentuptheworld'sfirstquantumsatellite(量子衛(wèi)星),andChang'e-4hasmadeasoftlandingonthemoon.Wehavemadegreatprogressinspacetechnologyandwillsoonstartbuildingourownspacestation.Q:Theunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto“________”．A．theearth B．MarsC．themoon D．thesun類型四：段落/主旨大意段落/主旨大意題要求考生在閱讀和理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對段落內(nèi)容或文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納、概括或評價。解答這類題目時，不能只憑文中的只言片語就斷章取義。在涉及文章的主題(mainidea)、結(jié)論(conclusion)、結(jié)局(end)等有關(guān)問題時，需要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)語言知識、背景知識、生活常識等進(jìn)行邏輯推理和判斷，從而挖掘出文章中隱含的信息。1．開門見山式2．藏龍臥虎式3．藏頭露尾式4．首尾呼應(yīng)式類型五：標(biāo)題歸納標(biāo)題是文章的點(diǎn)睛之筆，是文章的靈魂和門面。選擇標(biāo)題在英語閱讀理解題中，是深層理解題。一般從兩個方面考查：1．關(guān)注核心及高頻詞匯2．根據(jù)主題句提煉標(biāo)題Facialrecognitiontechnology(人臉識別技術(shù))iswidelyusedtoday.Forexample,policeuseittosearchforbadguys.It'salsousedtounlockphonesordoors.Now,asimilartechnology,knownasfacialdetection(探測),isenteringanewfield:thebusinessofadvertising(廣告).Suchsystemsaregoingthroughtestsinasmallnumberofstores.Onefacialdetectionsystemcanjudgeaperson's“happiness”or“fear”level.Thathelpsbusinessesseehowpeoplefeelastheylookatproductsoradvertisementsinthestore.Anothersystemcandetectwhethersomeoneiswearingeyeglasses.Ifso,storescansendadvertisementsfornewglassestohim.Facialdetectiontechnologyisalsoplacedinsidesomelargeadvertisingboards.Camerasinthoseboardscandetectinformationlikepeople'sagesandfivelevelsoffeelings—from“veryhappy”to“veryunhappy”.Supportersofthetechnologysayitcouldimprovebuyers'experiencebyshowingproductstheymightlikeorbyofferingthemproductsatlowerprices.Someareagainsttheideaofusingsuchsystems.PamDixon,theheadofaprivacy(隱私)group,isoneofthem.Shethinks▲.Forexample,abusinesscouldraisethepriceofaproductaccordingtoaperson'sageandfeelings.However,onestoretestingthetechnologyexplainedtheywouldn'tstorepeople'sinformationlikenamesorages.Andtheadvertisingboardsystemmakersaiditdidn'tkeepanypersonalinformationorrecordanyvideos.Q:Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe“________”．A．FacialrecognitiontechnologyenteringanewfieldB．FacialrecognitiontechnologylookingforbadguysC．FacialdetectiontechnologygoingintoadvertisingfieldD．Facialdetectiontechnologyimprovingbuyers'experience類型六：數(shù)字計算NationalSmileMonthisthelargestandlongestmouthhealthactivityintheUK.Startingin1977,itiscelebratingits42ndbirthdayfromMay14toJune14thisyear.Q:NationalSmileMonthintheUKhashadahistoryof________yearssofar.A．5 B．14 C．42 D．77類型七：篇章結(jié)構(gòu)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)是文章部分與部分、整體與部分之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和外部形式的統(tǒng)一。常見的文章結(jié)構(gòu)方式為總分式，即先總述，再分說。這種關(guān)系還可以演變?yōu)椋骸胺帧偂被颉翱偂帧偂钡慕Y(jié)構(gòu)方式。解答此類題通常可以把選項(xiàng)帶入原文去判斷分段是否合理；要注意段落之間的標(biāo)志語句，通常寫同一件、同一類事情的段落不分開，總寫的段落要和細(xì)節(jié)描述的段落分開。類型八：句子還原此類題型，主要是考查學(xué)生的邏輯思考能力。一般來說，主要是考查一個段落中前后句的邏輯關(guān)系，或者考查段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系?？赡苁强偡株P(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系等。類型九：句子排序句子排序題常采用“觀察＋對比＋定位＋排除”的方法：首先觀察選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)，一般情況下，四個選項(xiàng)中都是有兩個相同的選項(xiàng)作為事件發(fā)生的順序開頭，到文中去定位，排除錯誤的選項(xiàng)；接著進(jìn)行第二輪對比排除，最后得到正確答案。下面介紹常用的解題方法：1．先易后難。選擇自己最熟悉、最明顯的答案先判斷，根據(jù)“先易后難”的原則逐個排除。2．找關(guān)鍵詞。如表順序的atfirst,first,second,third等。3．上下句聯(lián)系。這種題所采用的語句一般都是在上句與下句或上半句與下半句之間有一定的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，我們只要抓住它們的關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系就可以解答了。練習(xí)題

Aftermonthsofexpectationandsecrecy,theofficialmascot(吉祥物)ofthe2022WinterOlympicGames-agiantpanda-inspiredcartooncharacter--madeitsfirstpublicdebutwithcheersatBeijing'sShougangIceHockeyArena.Thepandaisnamed“BingDwenDwen"inChinese.Bingmeans"ice"inChinese,whileDwenDwensuggests“healthandcleverness-characteristicsalsosharedbypandas.PandasareperhapsthemostrecognizedanimalspeciesinChina,organizerssaid.

"PandascombineChina'straditionalcultureanditsmodemappearancetogetherwithwintersportselementsinafascinatingimagethatshowsourgreatexpectationsfortheGamesandshowsthatwewelcometheworld,"saidBeijingMayorChenJining,whoalsoservesasanexecutivepresidentontheorganizingcommittee.

“IhavealreadyseenthemascotandfromwhatI'veseen,it'sawonderfulchoice,"IOCPresidentThomasBachsaidbeforeintroducingthecharacter."“ThemascotreallytakesinthebestelementsandcharacteristicsofChinaandtheChinesepeople.Itwillbeagreatambassador(大使)forthecountryandthe24thWinterOlympics"

Theringoflightsurroundingthemascot'sfaceissuggestiveoficeandsnowtracks,aswellas

theflowing“ribbons”oftheNationalSpeedSkatingOval.Theovalisoneoftwonewcompetitionsites

indowntownBeijingexpectedtobecomealandmarkoftheGames,according

toitschiefdesignerCaoXue.

TheintroductionofthemascotsmarksthekeypointofajourneythatbeganinAugust2018,

whenBeijingorganizersstartedaglobaldesigncompetitionforthemascots.Atotalof5,816designs

werereceivedfrom35countries,andwerereviewedbyChineseandinternationalexpertsina

comprehensiveevaluation(綜合評價)andselectionprocess.

ThenewmascotwillserveasspiritedsymboloftheGamesthatwilltakeplace