定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)課件-高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)

定語(yǔ)從句Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,someof____Ihadevermetbefore.AthemBwhoCwhomDtheseAperson_____e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.AwhoBwhomCwhoseDwhoeverThey’vewontheirlastthreematches,_____Ifindabitsurprisingactually.AthatBwhenCwhatDwhichI’vereachedapointinmylife_____Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.AwhichBwhereChowDwhyThehouseIgrewup_____hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.AinitBinCinthatDinwhich6.Thebossin_____departmentMr.Kingworkedhadheardabouttheaccident.AwhichBwhatCthatDwhose小試牛刀：CCDBBD定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)可以由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，修飾名詞。(以分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)為例）例：Thegirlbehindthetree

isKate.

Themandrivingtoofast

wasadrunk.定語(yǔ)從句放在主句中的某一名詞或代詞之后，起修飾限定或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。例：Thegirlwhoisbehindthetree

isKate.

Themanwhowasdrivingtoofast

wasadrunk.Helentmesomemoney,whichisverygenerousofhim先行詞和關(guān)系詞先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。先行詞、關(guān)系詞/引導(dǎo)詞{對(duì)等}

代替

Thatisthebikewhichmyfatherboughtforme.

先行詞＝關(guān)系詞

bike關(guān)系詞的作用：既引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，又在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某種成分。定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,which,that,

as,whose關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why如何區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞？

在選擇引導(dǎo)詞時(shí)，最重要的是分析一下定語(yǔ)從句中的成分，若從句中缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，那么必須要用關(guān)系代詞；若從句中不缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，那么必須要用關(guān)系副詞。Doyoustillrememberthedays______wespentinQingdao?Doyoustillrememberthedays______wespentthesummerholidaysinQingdao?that/which/省略when試比較：關(guān)系代詞的使用方法定語(yǔ)從句常用的關(guān)系代詞有：that、who(m)、whose、which等。

that指人或物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。（作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省.）

1)Haveyoufoundthebike

thatyoulost?Haveyoufoundthebike

whichyoulost?Haveyoufoundthebikeyoulost?

2)Sheisthegirl（that/who/whom）

Iwentwiththere.2.which

指物,在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)不可省略;作賓語(yǔ)可以省略。

(which

與that

指物時(shí)可以互相代替，that更常見(jiàn)。）

1)Hisfatherworksinafactory

that

makesTVsets.Hisfatherworksinafactory

which

makesTVsets.

2)Thefilmthat

wesawlastnightwasverywonderful.Thefilm

which

wesawlastnightwasverywonderful.Thefilm

省略

wesawlastnightwasverywonderful.3.who指人(既它的先行詞必須是人),在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。但whom是賓格,只能作賓語(yǔ)。(that也指人.代替who,whom,可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ))1)Thegirlswhoweren’tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates.Thegirls

thatweren’tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates.

2)Heknewtheteacher

whowemetyesterday.Heknewtheteacherwhomwemetyesterday.Heknewtheteacher(that)wemetyesterday.4.whose是代詞的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。

Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawoman

whosebagwasstolen.Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebook

whosecoverisred.1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.2)Sheisthegirl

whomIwentwiththere.Sheisthegirlwith

whomIwentthere.SheisthegirlthatIwentwiththere.Sheisthegirl省略

Iwentwiththere.注意:

固定動(dòng)介詞組不可分割,介詞不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat…關(guān)系代詞與介詞

介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí),介詞賓語(yǔ)只能用which代物,

和whom代人。(介詞在末尾時(shí),關(guān)系詞可以省略)3)Theroom

(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

(which)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

inwhichIliveisverybig.Theroom

whereIliveisverybig.Herearethepicture-booksthatthechildrenarelookingfor.Herearethepicture-bookswhichthechildrenarelookingfor.Herearethepicture-booksthechildrenarelookingfor.As引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句1、當(dāng)先行詞前有such\thesame\as連用，用as代指物在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)ThisisthesamepenasIboughtyesterday2、在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中：①表示的意思是正如、正象②其引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句即可以放在主句之前也可以放在主句之后。

ThePacificisthelargestocean,asweallknow.Asweexpect,wewonthegame

Whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，先行詞既可指人，也可指物。例如：Theclassroom,whosedoorsfacethesouth,isours.MybestfriendTom,whosefatherisapoliceman,oftenhelpsmewithmyhomework.注意：whose兼做who和which的所有格形式，因此指人時(shí)，whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhom

或=ofwhom+the+n.

指物時(shí)，whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich

或=ofwhich+the+n.Theclassroom,whosefacethesouth,isours.=thedoorsofwhich/ofwhich

thedoorsfacethesouth,isours.例如：Thiskindofbookisforchildren,whosenativelanguageisChinese=thenativelanguageofwhomisChinese關(guān)系副詞的用法：

關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞一樣，在從句中代替先行詞。在句中作狀語(yǔ)。連接作用，把兩個(gè)句子連接成為一個(gè)帶有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。

關(guān)系副詞有三種：

where:在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),指代地點(diǎn).(on/in/at…which)

when:

在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),指代時(shí)間。(on/in…which)

why:

在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),指代原因。thereasonwhy

關(guān)系副詞的用法：

1.where的用法：(先行詞應(yīng)是地點(diǎn)名詞）

Thehotelwasn’tclean.+Westayed

=Thehotel

wherewestayedwasn’tclean.

＝Thehotel

atwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.

＝Thehotel

which/thatwestayedatwasn’tclean

＝Thehotel

關(guān)系詞略westayedatwasn’tclean.atthehotel.Westayedthere.先行詞關(guān)系詞＝高考中where的考察需注意一：地點(diǎn)的模糊化（或抽象的地點(diǎn)）先行詞常為situation,case,point,activity,position,job等。It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation

theycanseethemselvesdifferently.thatB.whenC.whichD.whereDTheaccidenthadreachedtoapoint_____boththeirparentsaretobecalledin.AwhichB.thatC.whereD.whenC高考中where的考察需注意二：Where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句可放在介詞from的后面，表示更加精確的地點(diǎn)。1、from后面本身就可以接介詞短語(yǔ)表示精確的地點(diǎn)，如：

AdogjumpedoutfromunderthetableAvoicecamefrombehindme2、Lookoverthere,somepeoplearestandingunder

thebigtree,

fromwheretheycanenjoythewholeview.

fromwhere=fromunderthetree的用法：（先行詞應(yīng)是表示時(shí)間的名詞）

I’llneverforgettheday.

+IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday.I’llneverforgettheday

onwhich

IjoinedtheLeague.I’llneverforgettheday

when

IjoinedtheLeague.從句1.Afriendofminefrom_____IwasbornshowedupatmyhomerightbeforeIleftforBeijing.AhowBwhomCwhenDwhich

2.ShewenttoJapan2yearsago,since_____Ihaven’theardfromher.AitBwhichCwhenDthatCC的用法：

常用于reason的后面。

The

reason

________I’mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty.Thereason________heexplainedtomeisunbelievable.(which/that)why限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：1.限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。例如：Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.

2.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句同主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對(duì)先行詞作附加或補(bǔ)充的說(shuō)明，不起限制的作用，如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。

LastweekImetJohn,whoseemedtobeveryexcited.

區(qū)別：1、前者不用逗號(hào)，而后者用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；2、前者可用that代替which/who/whom,而后者不用that；3、前者引導(dǎo)詞做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略，而后者不能省略引導(dǎo)詞。其他需要注意的幾點(diǎn)：Flowersofwarisoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthat____beenmadebyDirectorZhangYimou.(have/has)TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththat_____seenfromthemoon.(is/are)注意1、先行詞為oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用復(fù)數(shù)；先行詞為theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞是，定語(yǔ)從句用單數(shù)：注意：nottheonlyoneof…=oneof…如：Tomisn’ttheonlyoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam.=Tomisoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam.注意2、當(dāng)先行詞為way,且意為“方式、方法”時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有三種形式:Thewaythat/inwhich/不填

heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand試比較：Thewaythat/which/不填

heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuttheway_______hesaidit.AwhichBhowCthatDwhichCThisisthesecondtime_____hehasvisitedourcity.AthatBwhichCwhenDinwhichA注意3、當(dāng)先行詞為time時(shí)，意思為“次數(shù)”，用關(guān)系代詞that,做賓語(yǔ)