FAO：2022年世界漁業(yè)和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖狀況：努力實(shí)現(xiàn)藍(lán)色轉(zhuǎn)型（概要）

thefishingnetsonaboatftheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations./10.4060/cc0461ennofanycerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersmentioned.otyetbefullagreementISSN1020-5489(print)ISSN2410-5902(online)ISBN978-92-5-136364-5keialpurposesprovidedltureOrganizationofthetheauthoritativeedition.”bitrationasdescribedillbethemediationrulesofthewwwwipointamcenmediationrulesandanyarbitrationwillbeconductedinintheworkrestssolelywitherequestSN|ii|Aquacultureproduction26Fishingfleet59aquacultureproduction73gaquacultureproduction111valuechains136AquaculturetoclimatechangequacultureGLOSSARY224REFERENCES2263reproduction32Marinecaptureproduction:majorproducingsMarinecaptureproduction:majorspeciesInlandwaterscaptureproduction:major22282228ldaquacultureproductionandgrowth30and3038eandcoastal3839land39ted434367ion67|iii|tsngdcontextsO2018–20222018–2022fisheriesandaquacultureurequacultureproductioniesandaquaculturepturefisheriesnandaquaculturendsinglobalcaptureslobalcaptureproducersMarinecaptureproductionaverage2018–2020necaptureproductiontrendsinthree68852134478920232018–202013Worldaquacultureproduction,1991–2020onbycontinentctedmainspeciestalfisheriesregion,2000–20201990–2020020ndcoastal2016–2020acultureproductionofgfishesininlandaquaculture,1990–2020ralpatternsinfisheriessnent2000–20202427293134363740142454748495862626364|iv|CONTENTSCONTENTSsbynentingintheprimaryeorldfisheriesandaquacultureproduction0206Utilizationoffishmealandfishoil39Aquaticfoodconsumptionbycontinent,40Apparentaquaticfoodconsumptionpercapita41Aquaticfoodconsumptionandcontributiontodanimalproteinstostoanimalproteintivecontributionsofaquacultureandcts46Worldmerchandiseandaquaticproduct1976–2020lass48Globalaquaticimportsbetweenhigh-incometenimportingcountriesofaquatic6469257879828384878889909292939495sofaquaticproductsbyflassiesofaquaticofsmallscalefisheriestEconomiccontributionoffisheriesandasindaptationand95969798458202|v|andaquacultureproduction,1980–2030andaquacultureproduction,1980–2030ldaquaculture1980–2030butionofaquaculturetoregional74Worldfishmealproduction,1990–203075Increasingroleofaquaculturecs5Globalfishingfleetsperformancentlture11OffshoreaquacultureIntelligentpartnerships:powerfulplanning205124215182650606586ndcontroloftivenessInformationandcommunicationtechnologyishingdDigitalinnovationforspeciesidentificationspatialmulticriteriadecision27Rebuildingfisheries29Inlandfisheriesndensentrepreneurialactivitiesnarios34Ukraine:preliminaryimpactoftheconflictonor34201203208220223|vi|ignificantpreviousprogresstheworldftracktoendhungerandmalnutritioninanintensifyingclimatecrisis,andincreasedoodsecurityaroundaffordhealthydiets.aselevatedthecallstourgentlytransformableragrowingpopulationwhilesafeguardinglivelihoodsandournaturalresources.cfoodsareincreasinglyrecognizedfortheirkeyroleinfoodsecurityandnutrition,ndextremelydiverseproviderofmicronutrients.Prioritizingandbetterintegratingesandaquacultureproductsinglobalcessarygrifoodsystemsbuildsonthisnarrativebypresentingfisheriesandaquacultureinprovidingfood,yngworldpopulationgrowthlargelyernseveralcountriesinAsiaandAfrica.ThesectoraryproductionaloneapproximatelyThisreportalsohighlightsfurtherchangesesandaquacultureworldeffectivelyequitablyandsustainably.etoalandbiodiversityisunderpinnedbyasignificantpolicycontext.First,theDeclarationforSustainableFisheriesandAquaculture,unanimouslyendorsedinCommitteeonFisheries(COFI),concludeswithaforfisheriesandaquacultureinthetwenty-firstcenturywherethesectorisfullyrecognizedforceanllytheoftheInternationalYearofArtisanalFisheriesreThepolicylandscapemoreresilientandmoreieve|vii|cymakersmanagerstorlifeforalleditionwillcontinuethetraditionofmakingsofthetwentyfirstcentury|viii|esandAquacultureDivisionheFAOOfficeofCommunicationsChairedbytheDirectorofNFItheeditorialboardthefiveFAOflagshippublications.board,whichdevelopedandrefinedtheoutline,involvingvirtuallyallofficersinthedivisionandsomefromotherFAOdivisions,withFAOdecentralizedofficerscontributingregionalinsightsandstories.irtyfourthSessionoftheFAOCommitteeonFisheriesenshrinedinitsDeclarationforerstosupportanevolvingandpositivevisionforfisheriesandaquacultureinthetwenty-firstcentury,wherethesectorisfullyrecognizedforitsntofightingpovertyhungerandmalnutritionorsthiseditionattheeoraryandpermanentstructuralchangesinthetoditorialboardadoptedastructureinfourpartsPartWorldReviewoitshistoricalhighreadershipwasmaintainedPartTowardsBlueTransformationfocusesonnamelyexpansionandintensificationofaquacultureproductiontosatisfygrowingorconcreteactionsduringthecoversemergingissuesandionthiseditionincludesforthefirsttimeanExecutiveSummarytrendsfarnalexpertssealResourcesandSustainableDevelopmentstreamforapprovalin|ix|gardingthefourSDGindicatorscustodianshipInFebruaryMarchthesepartsweresubmittedinbatchesfortranslationtheeditorialboard.ninwhichthedataarestructuredThestatisticsarethesissenceofnationalreportingFAOmakesestimatesAnadvanceddraftwasexternallyreviewedinMarch022bythreewell-knownexpertsintheareaoffisheriesandaquaculture.AfinaldraftwasapprovedbytheOfficeoftheFAODeputyDirector-GeneralFAODirectorGeneral|x|ndaneditorialboardunderhisleadershipcomprisingLahsenAbabouchVeraAgostiniMarcioCastrodeSouza,RuthDuffy,EszterHidas,AlessandroLovatelli,AnaMenezes,RebeccaMetzner,MarcTaconet,GillesvanderWalle,StefaniaVannucciniandKiranViparthi.icaleditingEmmanuelGuyonnet(liaison),andKiranViparthi(informatics).Mainauthors(allaffiliatedwithFAO,unlessotherwisestated)were: eJohnValboJrgensenleadauthorInlandTarubBahri,PedroBarros,NicolasGutierrez,RishiSharma,MereteTandstad,MarceloVasconcellos,SimonFunge-Smith,AbigailLynch,GretchenStokes,SamuelSmidtandJesseWong(UnitedStatesGeologicalSurveyandUniversityofFlorida)Fishingfleet:JenniferGee(leadauthor),PierreMaudouxandRaymonvanAnrooyOmarRiegoPe?arubia,JogeirToppeandMollyAhernn CarlosFuentevillaObjectivesandtargets:XinhuaYuan(leadauthor),AlessandroLovatelliandSimonFunge-SmithBetterproductionsystems:XinhuaYuan(leadauthor),AlessandroLovatelli,DanielaLucente,KwangSukOh,GrahamMairandMelbaReantasoHishamundaNathanaelHishamunda,AlessandroLovatelliandNeilSims(CEO,OceanEraInc.,Hawaii)ssandroLovatelliMartinusVanderKnaaprgetsRebeccaMetznerleadauthorNicolasGutierrezandJohnValboJrgensenBettergovernanceandpolicyreform:TerjeLobach(leadauthor),PieroMannini,GiulianoCarraraandKristínvonKistowski|xi|Martinn,AliciaMosteiro,NicolasGutierrezandYiminYeauthor),KimStobberup,RaymonvanAnrooy,KristínvonKistowski,JavierVillanuevaGarcía-BenítezandNicoleFranzBarg,DaniellaSalazarHerrera,MarianaToussaintandNicoleFranzFunge-SmithandStefaniaVannucciniCompetitivevaluechains:MarcioCastrodeSouza(leadauthor),WeiweiWang,WilliamGriffin,NianjunShen,AnsenWard,OmarRiegoPe?arubia,JohnRyder,EstherGarridoGamarro,GillesvandeWalle,JogeirToppeandDimitarTaskovClarke,EszterHidas,AudunLem,JohnRyder,MarcioCastrodeSouzaandMarianaToussaintrezJohnRyderMarcioCastrodeSouza,WeiweiWang,WilliamGriffin,JogeirToppeandMollyAhernzleadauthorLenaWestlundandAlessandroLovatelliAhern,JenniferGee,DanielaKalikoski,AlessandroLovatelli,GrahamMair,FlorencePoulain,LenaWestlundandXinhuaYuanauthor)andLenaWestlundWestlund(leadauthor)andNicoleFranzMair,DianaFernandezReguera,MichaelGriffin,KimFriedmanandDanielaLucenteYe,NicolasGutierrez,RishiSharmaandAnne-EliseNieblasunregulatedfishing:PieroMannini(leadauthor)andGiulianoCarraraauthor),WeiweiWangandMichaelGriffin(leadauthor),StefaniaSavoreandGiulianoCarraraAgostini,ShakuntalaHaraksinghThilsted(GlobalLead,NutritionandPublicHealth,WorldFish,CGIAR,authorofBox24),KimFriedmanandRishiSharma|xii|AACKNOWLEDGEMENTSadAntonEllenbroekMarcTaconetandVeraAgostiniroekVeraAgostiniandNelsonRosasRibeiroFilhoFernandezRegueraandVeraAgostiniandAmberHimes-CornellAnthonyThompson,JohnValbo-J?rgensenandDavidCoatesMair,JohnathanLansleyandAmparoPerezRodaCOVIDacrisislikenootherFlorencePoulainleadauthorJoséEstorsCarballo,LionelDabbadie,AlejandroFlores,JenniferGee,KathrinHett,RobertLee,DanielaKalikoski,JonLansley,FelixMarttin,DaniellaSalazarHerrera,JessicaSanders,SusanaSiarandMartinusVanderKnaapAguilar-Manjarrez,DianaFernandezReguera,YacoubIssola(UNEP/AbidjanConvention),FlorencePoulainandFatouSockriaGrazieCantarella,MatteoLuzziandOmarRiegoPe?arubiaThepublicationalsobenefitedfromexternalreviewbyMalcolmBeveridge(Faskally,UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland),MarkDickey-Collas(InternationalCouncilfortheExplorationoftheSea,Denmark)andDorisSoto(InterdisciplinaryCenterforAquacultureResearch,Chile).Theyareacknowledgedfortheirsignificantcontributions.ThereportwasreviewedinternallybyVeraAgostini,ardaswellasbycolleaguesinothertechnicaldivisionsofFAObeyondtheFisheriesandAquacultureDivision.TranslationsweredeliveredbytheLanguageBranch(CSGL)oftheFAOGoverningBodiesServicingDivision(CSG).designandlayout,aswellasproductioncoordination,foreditionsinallsixofficiallanguages.|xiii|20302030AgendaMTISCOP6COVID-19orSustainablereasbeyondnationaljurisdictionAutomaticIdentificationSystemonedlostorotherwisehinggearicgeneticresourcesforfoodandagricultureAfricanUnionobusinessbusinesstoconsumeriodiversitybeyondnationaljurisdictionversitycatchdocumentationschememConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpeciesofWildFaunaandFloraCodeofConductforResponsibleFisheriesAquaculturetwenty-sixthsessionoftheesproachtoaquacultureachtofisheriesHIHIyandInnovationPlatformeaneicosapentaenoicacidreProductsFisheriesInfrastructureGenderinAquacultureandFisheriesSectiongrossdomesticproductUnitedNationsJointGroupofExpertsontheScientificAspectsofMarineEnvironmentalProtectiontheMediterraneanvegeographicinformationsystemtioningsystemAquaculturegender-transformativeapproachdSecurityandNutritionUnitedNationsHigh-levelPoliticalntem|xiv|InternationalStandardInternationalStandardStatisticalABBREVIATIONSANDACRONYMSIFPRIIHHIIAIMOIMTAINFOFISHintegratedagriculture-aquaculturefricanBureauforAnimalInternationalCouncilfortheainformationandcommunicationstechnologyinformationandcommunicationtechnologiesforsmall-scalefisheriesInternationalFundforAgriculturalationiesDevelopmentInstitutellluminatingHiddenHarvestsintegratedirrigated-aquacultureinternationallegallybindinginstrumentalLabourOrganizationlnternationalMaritimeOrganizationintegratedmultitrophicaquaculturezationforMarketingInformationandCentreforMarketingInformationandAdvisoryServicesforFisheryProductsinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeangInformationnographicationalPlanofActionIUCNIYAFA2022NTMssificationofAquaticAnimalsInternationalUnionforndNaturalillegal,unreportedandunregulatedfishingAquacultureandFisheries2022opedcountrymonitoring,controlandsurveillancetoringevaluationandlearningineprotectedareableyieldnationallydeterminedcontributionalorganizationnNationalPlanofActioninsupportoftheimplementationoftheSSFGuidelinesnon-tariffmeasureOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentothereffectivearea-basedconservationmeasureCentralAmericanOrganizationoftheFisheriesandAquacultureSectorforImprovingAquacultureBiosecurity|xv|ASIDADSSMEogrammepriorityareasrtStateIllegalUnreportedandpolyunsaturatedfattyaciderybodytionedtangibleassetseturnoninvestmenttlstorationCentralAmericanIntegrationelopmentallandmediumenterpriseandAquaculturesmall-scalefisheriesVoluntaryGuidelinesforSecuringSustainableSmall-ScaleFisheriesintheContextofFoodSecurityandPovertyEradicationtechnicalbarrierstotradeGVMEVMSUnitedNationseUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopmentUnitedNationsDepartmentofSocialandEconomicAffairsUnitedNationsDecadeofOceanScienceforSustainableDevelopment(2021–2030)nvironmentnitedNationsStatisticsDivisionVoluntaryGuidelinesforCatchDocumentationSchemesnesfortheneecosystem|xvi|Totalfisheriesandaquacultureproductionreachedarecord214milliontonnesin2020,comprising178milliontonnesofaquaticanimalsand36millionnesofalgaelargelyduetothegrowthofaquaculture,particularlyinAsia.Theamountdestinedforhumanconsumption(excludingalgae)was20.2kgpercapita,morethandoubletheaverageof9.9kgpercapitainthe1960s.Anestimated58.5millionpeoplewereemployedintheprimarysector.Includingsubsistenceandsecondarysectorworkers,andtheirdependents,itisestimatedthatabout600millionlivelihoodsdependatleastpartiallyonfisheriesandaquaculture.TheinternationaltradeoffisheriesandaquacultureproductsgeneratedaroundUSD151billionin2020,downfromtherecordhighofUSD165billionin2018lyduetotheoutbreakofCOVIDIn2020,globalaquacultureproductionreachedarecord122.6milliontonnes,withatotalvalueofUSD281.5billion.Aquaticanimalsaccountedfor87.5milliontonnesandalgaecomprised35.1milliontonnes.In2020,drivenbyexpansioninChile,ChinaandNorway,globalaquacultureproductionregionsexceptAfricaduetoadecreaseinthetwomajorproducingcountries,EgyptandNigeria.TherestofAfricaenjoyed14.5percentgrowthfrom2019.Asiacontinuedtodominateworldaquaculture,producing91.6percentofthetotal.Aquaculturegrowthhasoftenoccurredattheexpenseoftheenvironment.Sustainableaquaculturedevelopmentremainscriticaltosupplythegrowingdemandforaquaticfoods.Globalconsumptionofaquaticfoods(excludingalgae)naverageannualrateofpercentsince1961,comparedwithapopulationgrowthrateof1.6percent.Onapercapitabasis,consumptionfaquaticfoodgrewfromanaverageofkginthe1960stoarecordhighof20.5kgin2019,whileitslightlydeclinedto20.2kgin2020.Risingincomesandurbanization,improvementsinpost-harvestpracticesandchangesindietarytrendsareprojectedtodrivea15percentincreaseinaquaticfoodconsumption,tosupplyonaverage21.4kgpercapitain2030.Thefractionoffisherystockswithinbiologicallysustainablelevelsdecreasedto64.6percentin2019,1.2percentlowerthanin2017.However,82.5percentofthe2019landingswerefrombiologicallysustainablestocks,a3.8percentimprovementfrom2017.Effectivefisheriesmanagementhasbeenproventosuccessfullyrebuildstocksandincreasecatcheswithinecosystemboundaries.Improvingglobalfisheriesmanagementremainscrucialtorestoreecosystemstoahealthyandproductivestateandprotectthelong-termsupplyofaquaticfoods.Rebuildingoverfishedstockscouldincreasefisheriesproductionby16.5milliontonnesandraisethecontributionofmarinefisheriestothefoodsecurity,nutrition,economicgrowthandwell-beingofcoastalcommunities.gvesselsinwasestimatedat4.1million,areductionof10percentsince2015,reflectingeffortsbycountries,inparticularChina|xvii|estoreducetheglobalfleetsizeAsiastillhadthelargestfishingfleet,atabouttwo-thirdslHoweverreductionsinfleetsizeemoresustainableoutcomes,sincechangesinfishingefficiencycanoffsetthesustainabilitygainsoffleetreductions.FAO’soutlookforfisheriesandaquacultureto2030projectsanincreaseinproduction,consumptionandtrade,albeitatslowergrowthrates.Totalproductionofaquaticanimalsisexpectedtoreach202milliontonnesin2030,thanksmainlytosustainedgrowthofaquaculture,projectedtoreach100milliontonnesforthefirsttimein2027and106milliontonnesin2030.Worldcapturefisheriesisprojectedtorecover,increasingby6percentfrom2020toreach96milliontonnesin2030,asaresultofimprovedresourcemanagement,underfishedresources,andreduced