2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試-英語試題(全國乙卷)等

2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語試題（全國乙卷）

注意事項:

L答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干

凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話

后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是A。

1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?

A.Havebreakfast.

B.Takeawalk.

C.Callhisoffice.

2.WhatwasGeorgedoinglastnight?

A.Havingameeting.

B.Flyinghome.

C.Workingonaproject.

3.Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?

A.It'sbig.

B.It'squiet.

C.It'snew.

4.Howdoesthewomansound?

A.Annoyed.

B.Pleased.

C.Puzzled.

5.Whereistheman,stable?

A.Nearthedoor.

B.Bythewindow.

C.Inthecorner.

第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選

項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答

時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?

A.Eatout.

B.Goshopping.

C.Dosports.

7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Bossandsecretary.

B.Hostessandguest.

C.Husbandandwife.

聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?

A.Theirbusinessisslow.

B.Theweatherisfavorable.

C.It'seasytohirepeople.

9.Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?

A.Finishitallatonce.

B.Havethesalessectiongofirst.

C.Doonedepartmentatatime.

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.WhatdidPeterlearnfromhisgrandfather?

A.Howtoappreciateartworks.

B.Howtodealwithartists.

C.Howtorunamuseum.

11.WhatdidPeterdoinChicago?

A.Hestudiedatacollege.

B.Heservedinthearmy.

C.Heworkedinagallery.

12.WhoseworksdidPeterlikebest?

A.Rembrandt,s.

B.BotticelliJs.

C.Rubens'.

聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Atalibrary.

B.Inalawfirm.

C.Onatrain.

14.BywhattimedidJohnplantofinishhistermpaper?

A.March.

B.August.

C.October

15.WhydidJohnquithispart-timejob?

A.Hehadtocatchupwithhisstudy.

B.Hewasofferedabetterone.

C.Hegottiredofit.

16.WhatisSusan'sattitudetoJohn,sproblem?

A.Carefree.

B.Understanding.

C.Forgiving.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.Whatdidthespeakerdobeforetheyear2012?

A.Afitnesscoach.

B.Achessplayer.

C.Amarathonrunner.

18.Whywasthe2016Olympicsimportantforthespeaker?

A.HewasmotivatedbyBolt.

B.Hebrokeaworldrecord.

C.Hewonfifthplace.

19.Whichisthehardestforthespeaker?

A.Gettingoveraninjury.

B.Doingstrengthtraining.

C.RepresentingBotswana.

20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?

A.Hisplantogoforthegold.

B.Hisexperienceonthetrack.

C.Hisloveforhishomecountry.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

A

HenryRaeburn（1756-1823）

TheExhibition

ThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland's

bestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughout

theworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.

LectureSeries

ScottishNationalPortrait（肖像畫）Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneral

public.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.

AnIntroductiontoRaeburnRaeburn'sEnglishContemporaries

Sunday26Oct.,15.00Thursday30Oct,,13.10

DUNCANTHOMSONJUDYEGERTON

CharactersandCharacterisationinRaeburnandArtist'sTraininginthe

Raeburn'sPortraits18thCentury

Thursday6Nov.,13.10Thursday13Nov.,13.10

NICHOLASPHILLIPSONMARTINPOSTLE

ExhibitionTimes

Monday-Saturday10.00-17.45Sunday12.00-17.45

Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Theisnore-admission.

Closed:24-26Decemberand1January

Admission

￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.

SchoolsandColleges

Aspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,

uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.

21.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburnfsEnglishContemporaries?

A.Sun.26Oct.

B.Thurs.30Oct.

C.Thurs.6Nov.

D.Thurs.13Nov.

22.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?

A.￡4.

B.￡8.

C.￡12.

D.￡16.

23.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?

A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.

B.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.

C.Theymustbeledbyteachers.

D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.

B

In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.一DorothyWoodruff

andRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-room

schoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.Soforthemto

movetoElkhead,Colo,toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwas

asurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted,.TheUnexpectedEducationof

TwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothy

WoodruffJsgranddaughter.

Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealized

whattheyhadundertaken.

Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rare

baths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,

RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.

Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.

InWickenden,sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichof

courseinfluencedthegirls*decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthe

buildingoftherailroads,whichentailed（牽涉）drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblinding

snowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothyJsreturntoAuburn.

Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism（堅忍）ofthe

peoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,

lookingdownfromahilltop:"Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglow

allaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,

mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”

24.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?

A.Toteachinaschool.

B.TostudyAmericanhistory.

C.Towriteabook.

D.Todosightseeing.

25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?

A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.

B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.

C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids.

D.Theysufferedseverehardships.

26.WhichpartofWickenden,swritingishair-raising?

A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn.

B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.

C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.

D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.

27.Whatisthetext?

A.Anewsreport.

B.Abookreview.

C.Achildren,sstory.

D.Adiaryentry.

C

Canasmallgroupofdrones（無人機）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,

atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatisthevery

likelyfutureofapplyingtoday's"eyesinthesky“technologytomakingsurethatthemillions

ofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure（基設(shè)施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona

24/7basis.

Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddo

preciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructure

suchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycan

beinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.

Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）acrosstheboard.

Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnel

safety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosa

yearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepair

therailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassisting

thecrews'efforts.

Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservices

forrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.

Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon,tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenow

workingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackahead

ofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAI

andtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytosee

ahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.

28.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?

A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.

B.Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.

C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.

D.Drones'reliableperformanceinremoteareas.

29.Whatdoes"maintenance“underlinedinparagraph3referto?

A.Personnelsafety.

B.Assistancefromdrones.

C.Inspectionandrepair.

D.Constructionofinfrastructure.

30.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?

A.Toprovideearlywarning.

B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.

C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.

D.Toacceleratetransportation.

31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDrones

B.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpanded

C.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFace

1）.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways

D

TheGovernment?ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinisters

firstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.

FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5g

ofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（月巴胖）.Itisbelievedthat

today'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,putting

thematahigherriskofthedisease.

Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataof

thefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpected

togenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.

Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscut

bymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewer

kilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturerseffortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasury

figures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitre

ofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.

However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandare

refusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmost

alcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthanImlitres

peryear.

Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugar

taxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatingin

schools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,

andtheindustryisplayingitspart.

32.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?

A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.

C.Toprotectchildren,shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.

33.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?

A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.

C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts?sugarcontent.

34.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?

A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.ClassicCoke.

35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?

A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.

C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaysto

sustain（保持）long-distancefriendships.

?Setaregulardate

Long-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact（聯(lián)系）

andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.

36.

?Moreisn'talwaysmerrier

Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantsto

becontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.37.Therearealternativesto

constantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.

,Practiseempathy（共情）

38.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltime

demandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbe

sympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.

?39

Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Although

technologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayon

specialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends'birthdaysandother

importantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.

?Don,trelyontechnologyalone

40,butlong-distancefriendships-evencloseones-mayrequiremoreconsciouseffort

tosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-face

timetogetherwheneverpossible.

A.Rememberimportantdates

B.Compensatebywritingletters

C.Itisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeper

D.Trytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoit

E.Friendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunication

F.Itiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmedia

G.Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind

第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）

第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there?s

somethinghighlyexcitingabout_41—someoneelse,sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobe

seen.

However,weal1witnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably_42_athiding.Theyoften

coveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies_43_.

Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas_44asevidencethatchildrenare

hopelessly“egocentric”（自我中心的）creatures.Butour_45—researchresultsinchild

developmentalpsychology_46—thatidea.

Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each_47

satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor_48—.WethenaskedthechiIdifshecould

_49_orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn't.Thesame_50_

happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:51childrensaidthattheycouldnJt52

toher.

Anumberof_53—ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.

Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects_54_thequestionsandknew_55_whatwasasked

ofthem.Their56tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue57that“Icanseeyouonlyif

youcanseeme,too."Theysimply_58—mutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.Our_59—

suggestwhenachild“hides“byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultof

egocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod_60_whenothersuseit.

41.A.followingB.takingC.escapingD.directing

42.A.cleverB.badC.scaredD.quick

43.A.exposedB.examinedC.untouchedI),imbalanced

44.A.supportedB.guaranteedC.imaginedD.interpreted

45.A.disappointingB.mixedC.surprisingD.desired

46.A.explainedB.confirmedC.contradictedD.tested

47.A.parentB.childC.researcherD.doctor

48.A.feetB.noseC.handsD.ears

49.A.seeB.helpC.reachD.fool

50.A.eventB.thingC.actionD.accident

51.A.YetB.NowC.SoonD.?Once

52.A.speakB.listenC.turnD.wave

53.A.instructionsB.descriptionsC.experimentsD.assumptions

54.A.comprehendedB.predictedC.exploredD.ignored

55.A.partlyB.honestlyC.vaguelyD.exactly

56.A.responsesB.approachesC.contributionD.sensitivity

57.A.abilityB.beliefC.identityD.purpose

58.A.holdbackB.relatetoC.insistonD.makeup

59.A.limitationsB.requirementsC.theoriesI),findings

60.A.tentativeB.impressiveC.creativeD.effective

第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially61

theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.Tocelebrate___62_festival,anumberofevents

tookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.

ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety_63_(address)theopeningceremony.

“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe64(large)

tea-producingcountry,Chinahasa_65(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromote

thehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywitha_66___

(share)futureformankind,“hesaid.

The“FirstInternationalTeaDayTeaRoadCooperativeInitiative“issued(發(fā)布)atthe

ceremonycallsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustrytocometogethertopromoteinternational

cooperation67culturalexchanges.Afour-yearteapromotion-TeaRoadCooperativePlan

一wasalsoissuedinaccordancewiththeinitiative.

68(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublic

promotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,_69(invite)twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfrom

aroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.

TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony,opening

70(it)firstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth-ASpecialExhibitionofPu'erTea.

第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)

第一節(jié)短文改錯(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)

假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文，文中共有10處語言錯

誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號L),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(/)劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。

Weallknowthatcyclingisagreatlyexercise.Adoctortellsmepeoplewholivesthe

longestaredancersandcyclists.Maybeitisbecausethecombinationoffreshair,smooth

movementandexercise.Whetheryourideabicycle,youdon'tusepetrol.Sotheyarenot

producingcarbondioxideandnotcauseairpollution.Justseehowcarshavebeentakenover

ourcities.Theyoftenrunathighspeeds,whatmayputourlivesindanger.Andtherewere

trafficjams,too.Ourcitieswillbebetterplacesifwereplacecarswithbicycle.

第二節(jié)書面表達（滿分25分）

學(xué)校英文報正在開展以LearningEnglishBeyondtheClassroom為題的討論。請使用圖表中的調(diào)查結(jié)果寫

一篇短文投稿，內(nèi)容包括：

1.學(xué)習(xí)活動狀況描述：

2.簡單評論;

3.你的建議。

65"<>

學(xué)生英語學(xué)習(xí)活動調(diào)查結(jié)果（人數(shù)百分比）

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.短文的題目和首句已為你寫好。

浙江省2022年6月普通高校招生選考科目考試

物理

本試題卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分，共7頁，滿分100分，考試時間90分鐘。

考生注意：

1.答題前，請務(wù)必將自己的姓名，準(zhǔn)考證號用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆分別填寫在試題卷和

答題紙規(guī)定的位置上。

2.答題時，請按照答題紙上“注意事項”的要求，在答題紙相應(yīng)的位置上規(guī)范作答，在本試題

卷上的作答一律無效。

3.非選擇題的答案必須使用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆寫在答題紙上相應(yīng)的區(qū)域內(nèi)，作圖時先

使用2B鉛筆，確定后必須使用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆描黑。

4.可能用到的相關(guān)公式或參數(shù)：重力加速度g均取10m/s2。

選擇題部分

一、選擇題I（本題共13小題，每小題3分，共39分。每小題列出的四個備選項中只有一個

是符合題目要求的，不選、多選、錯選均不得分）

1.下列屬于力的單位是（）

A.kg-m/s2B.kg-m/sC.kg-m2/sD.kg-s/m2

2.下列說法正確的是（）

A.鏈球做勻速圓周運動過程中加速度不變

B.足球下落過程中慣性不隨速度增大而增大

C.乒乓球被擊打過程中受到的作用力大小不變

D.籃球飛行過程中受到空氣阻力的方向與速度方向無關(guān)

3.如圖所示，魚兒擺尾擊水躍出水面，吞食荷花花瓣的過程中，下列說法正確的是（）

第3題圖

A.魚兒吞食花瓣時魚兒受力平衡B.魚兒擺尾出水時浮力大于重力

C.魚兒擺尾擊水時受到水的作用力

D.研究魚兒擺尾擊水躍出水面的動作可把魚兒視為質(zhì)點

4.關(guān)于雙縫干涉實驗，下列說法正確的是（）

A,用復(fù)色光投射就看不到條紋

B.明暗相間條紋是兩列光在屏上疊加的結(jié)果

C.把光屏前移或后移，不能看到明暗相間條紋

D.藍(lán)光干涉條紋的間距比紅光的大

5.下列說法正確的是（）

A.恒定磁場對靜置于其中的電荷有力的作用

B.小磁針N極在磁場中的受力方向是該點磁感應(yīng)強度的方向

C.正弦交流發(fā)電機工作時，穿過線圈平面的磁通量最大時，電流最大

D.升壓變壓器中，副線圈的磁通量變化率大于原線圈的磁通量變化率

6.神州十三號飛船采用“快速返回技術(shù)”，在近地軌道上，返回艙脫離天和核心艙，在圓軌道環(huán)繞并擇機返回

地面。貝（I（）

A.天和核心艙所處的圓軌道距地面高度越高，環(huán)繞速度越大

B.返回艙中的宇航員處于失重狀態(tài)，不受地球的引力

C.質(zhì)量不同的返回艙與天和核心艙可以在同一軌道運行

D.返回艙穿越大氣層返回地面過程中，機械能守恒

7.圖為氫原子的能級圖。大量氫原子處于〃=3的激發(fā)態(tài)，在向低能級躍遷時放出光子，用這些光子照射逸

出功為2.29eV的金屬鈉。下列說法正確的是（）

n￡feV

80

4------------------------------------0￡5

3------------------------------------131

2------------------------------------3.4

1~13.6

第7題圖

A.逸出光電子的最大初動能為10.80eV

B.n=3躍遷到n=l放出的光電子動量最大

C.有3種頻率的光子能使金屬鈉產(chǎn)生光電效應(yīng)

D.用0.85eV的光子照射，氫原子躍遷到〃=4激發(fā)態(tài)

8.如圖所示，王亞平在天宮課堂上演示了水球光學(xué)實驗，在失重環(huán)境下，往大水球中央注入空氣，形成了一

個空氣泡，氣泡看起來很明亮，其主要原因是（）

笫8JK圖

A.氣泡表面有折射沒有全反射B.光射入氣泡衍射形成“亮斑”

C.氣泡表面有折射和全反射D.光射入氣泡干涉形成“亮斑”

9.如圖所示，帶等量異種電荷的兩正對平行金屬板M、N間存在勻強電場，板長為L（不考慮邊界效應(yīng)）。

/=0時刻，M板中點處的粒子源發(fā)射兩個速度大小為血的相同粒子，垂直M板向右的粒子，到達N板時速度

大小為亞線；平行M板向下的粒子，剛好從N板下端射出。不計重力和粒子間的相互作用，則（）

第9JKIS

A.M板電勢高于N板電勢

B.兩個粒子的電勢能都增加

2"

C.粒子在兩板間的加速度為a=—

L

D.粒子從N板下端射出的時間1=—-----------

2%

10.如圖所示，一輕質(zhì)曬衣架靜置于水平地面上，水平橫桿與四根相同的斜桿垂直，兩斜桿夾角。=60。。-

重為G的物體懸掛在橫桿中點，則每根斜桿受到地面的（）

A.作用力為半G

B.作用力為

6

D.摩擦力為gc

C.摩擦力為-6

48

11.如圖所示，一根固定在墻上的水平光滑桿，兩端分別固定著相同的輕彈簧，兩彈簧自由端相距X。套在

桿上的小球從中點以初速度n向右運動，小球?qū)⒆鲋芷跒?的往復(fù)運動，則（）

B.小球動能的變化周期為人

2

C.兩根彈簧的總彈性勢能的變化周期為T

D.小球的初速度為:時，其運動周期為27

12.風(fēng)力發(fā)電已成為我國實現(xiàn)“雙碳”目標(biāo)的重要途經(jīng)之一。如圖所示，風(fēng)力發(fā)電機是一種將風(fēng)能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能

的裝置。某風(fēng)力發(fā)電機在風(fēng)速為9m/s時，輸出電功率為405kW,風(fēng)速在5~10m/s范圍內(nèi)，轉(zhuǎn)化效率可視為

不變。該風(fēng)機葉片旋轉(zhuǎn)一周掃過的面積為4空氣密度為p,風(fēng)場風(fēng)速為v,并保持風(fēng)正面吹向葉片。下列說

法正確的是（）

第I2JK用

A.該風(fēng)力發(fā)電機的輸出電功率與風(fēng)速成正比

B.單位時間流過面積A的流動空氣動能為;p/l"

C.若每天平均有1.0xl08kw的風(fēng)能資源，則每天發(fā)電量為2.4xl09kW?h

D.若風(fēng)場每年有5000h風(fēng)速在6~10m/s的風(fēng)能資源，則該發(fā)電機年發(fā)電量至少為6.0xl（）5kW-h

13.小明用額定功率為1200W、最大拉力為300N