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1TranslatingBusinessContract2KnowledgeObjective:1.了解合同、商務(wù)合同的定義、分類及主要構(gòu)成要素。2.認識并掌握商務(wù)合同的語言特點和翻譯技巧。

CapacityObjective:

1.能夠正確翻譯商務(wù)合同中的常用術(shù)語和句式。2.能夠翻譯英文商務(wù)合同、協(xié)議書、確認書、備忘錄等常見合同文本。

3warm-up:TranslatethefollowingsentencesUnlessitislegallyorphysicallyimpossible,thecontractorshallexecuteandcompletetheworksandremedythedefectsthereininstrictaccordancewiththecontracttothesatisfactionoftheengineer.Incaseofanydivergenceofinterpretation,theEnglishtextshallprevail.4Unlessitislegallyorphysicallyimpossible,thecontractorshallexecuteandcompletetheworksandremedythedefectsthereininstrictaccordancewiththecontracttothesatisfactionoftheengineer.physically物質(zhì)地,自然地,〔法〕外界條件除法律或外界條件不允許的情況外,承包商應(yīng)該嚴格按照合同施工和竣工,并改正工作中的任何缺陷,以到達工程師滿意的程度。

52.Incaseofanydivergenceofinterpretation,theEnglishtextshallprevail.divergenceofinterpretation解釋上的分歧如在解釋上遇到分歧,應(yīng)以英文本為準。Note:“解釋〞可以譯為construction,exposition,explanation,etc.但是針對法律條文的“解釋〞應(yīng)譯為interpretation.由此表達合同用詞的準確性。6Warm-up:Findoutanyimproperpartsinthefollowingrenderingofthesentence.本開發(fā)區(qū)內(nèi)外商投資企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的出口產(chǎn)品,除國家另有規(guī)定的產(chǎn)品外,可免征關(guān)稅。

ExportsproductsmanufacturedbyforeigninvestedenterprisesintheDevelopmentZone,exceptthoseunderotherexistingregulationsbytheState,shallbeexemptedfromCustomsduty.Exports本身就有“出口產(chǎn)品〞的意思語義重復(fù),可以用duty-free代替太啰嗦了??梢杂胾nlessotherwiseregulated代替7本開發(fā)區(qū)內(nèi)外商投資企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的出口產(chǎn)品,除國家另有規(guī)定的產(chǎn)品外,可免征關(guān)稅。RevisedExportsmanufacturedbyforeign-investedenterprisesintheDevelopmentZoneareduty-free,unlessotherwiseregulatedbytheState.8AcontractinthisLawreferstoanagreementestablishing,modifyingandterminatingthecivilrightsandobligationsbetweensubjectsofequalfooting,thatis,betweennaturalpersons,legalpersonsorotherorganizations.合同是平等主體的自然人、法人、其他組織之間設(shè)立、變更、終止民事權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系的協(xié)議。---?中華人民共和國合同法?第二條9Whatisbusinesscontract?Businesscontractreferstorulesandregulationsinlegalformsasperallpartiesinvolvedtoensuredutiesandobligationswhileonbusiness.

商務(wù)合同是指有關(guān)各方之間在進行某種商務(wù)合作時,為了確定各自的權(quán)利和義務(wù),而正式依法訂立的、并且經(jīng)過公證的、必須共同遵守的協(xié)議條文。

10ClassificationofbusinesscontractsSales/Purchaseconfirmation購銷合同ContractofCreditsLoans信貸合同ContractforLeasingAffairs租賃合同ContractofCooperation協(xié)作合同ContractforProcessingTrade加工合同11ConstructionContract

基建合同InsuranceContract保險合同ContractforInternationalTransportation國際運輸合同ContractforBOT〔Build-Operate-Transfer〕國際投資合同12ContractforTechnologyTransfer技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓合同ContractforInternationalEngineeringProjects國際工程承包合同EmploymentContract聘請雇員合同ContractforDifferentTradeForms

多種貿(mào)易方式相結(jié)合合同13Foreignbusinesscontracts涉外商務(wù)合同涉外商務(wù)合同---具有涉外因素的商務(wù)合同。

涉外因素包括:合同主體的一方或雙方是外國自然人或法人,或無國籍人;合同標的是位于外國的物、財產(chǎn)或需要在外國完成的行為;合同權(quán)利義務(wù)內(nèi)容據(jù)以產(chǎn)生的法律事實發(fā)生在外國。14Categoriesofbusinesscontracts:variouscontracts:涉外商務(wù)合同按繁簡不同,可以采取不同的書面形式正式合同〔Contract〕協(xié)議書〔Agreement〕確認書〔Confirmation〕備忘錄〔Memorandum〕訂單〔Order〕,etc15ContractandagreementContractisalegallybindingagreement

合同就是有法律約束力的協(xié)議---L.BCurzonADictionaryofLaw16ContentsinabusinesscontractTitle&Preamble合同名稱&前文/前言Body

合同正文WitnessClause

結(jié)尾/證明條款17title&Preamble1)訂約日期和地點〔DateandPlaceofSigning〕2)合同當(dāng)事人及其國籍、主要營業(yè)場所或住所〔SigningPartiesandTheirNationalities,PrincipalPlaceofBusinessorResidenceAddresses〕183)當(dāng)事人合法依據(jù)〔EachParty’sAuthority如該公司是“按當(dāng)?shù)胤烧浇M織而存在的〞ACorporationDulyOrganizedandExistingUndertheLawsofXXX〕4)訂約緣由/說明條款〔RecitalsorWhereasClause〕19包括定義條款、根本條款和一般條款定義條款〔DefinitionClause〕---對合同中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵名詞術(shù)語進行明確定義,給出明確解釋。Commonexpressions:本方法所稱的證券是指…Thesecuritiestermedhereinreferto…Body本文20根本條款〔BasicConditions〕:1.Nameandaddress當(dāng)事人的名稱或者姓名和住所2.標的Mark---合同的客體,即當(dāng)事人權(quán)利義務(wù)共同指向的對象。合同標的可以是貨物,也可以是勞務(wù),還可以是技術(shù)成果或工程工程等,但法律禁止的行為與禁止轉(zhuǎn)讓的物不得作為合同標的3.Qualityandquantity數(shù)量與質(zhì)量4.Priceorremuneration價款或酬金214.Thetime,placeandperformance

履行的期限、地點和方式履行期限,是指享有權(quán)利的一方要求對方履行義務(wù)的時間履行地點,是指合同當(dāng)事人履行和接受履行合同義務(wù)的地方;履行方式,是指當(dāng)事人履行義務(wù)所采用的方法。225.Responsibilityofbreachofcontract

違約責(zé)任違約責(zé)任是指合同當(dāng)事人因違反合同義務(wù)所應(yīng)承擔(dān)的法律責(zé)任。設(shè)定違約責(zé)任條款,有助于催促當(dāng)事人自覺履行合同義務(wù),但違約條款的有無,一般并不影響合同的有效成立236.Settlementfordispute解決爭議的方法當(dāng)事人可在合同中約定發(fā)生爭議時所采用的解決方法,如仲裁、訴訟等。此外,當(dāng)事人認為必須在合同中明確的其他內(nèi)容,也是合同的根本條款。24一般條款〔GeneralTermsandConditions〕:合同有效期〔Duration〕合同的終止〔Termination〕不可抗力〔ForceMajeure〕合同的讓與〔Assignment〕

25仲裁〔Arbitration〕適用的法律〔GoverningLaw〕訴訟管轄〔Jurisdiction〕通知手續(xù)〔Notice〕合同修改〔Amendment〕其他〔Others〕26“根據(jù)〞條文的表達按照…〔法律/依據(jù)〕訂立本合同。Thefollowingcontractisformulatedaccordingto…Therulesareformulatedpursuantto…Theagreementisformulatedonthebasisof…27訂立合同“目的〞的表達方法Withtheviewtoimproving…thepresentcontractisformulated.ThepresentProceduresaremadeoutintheviewtostrengthen…ThisLawisformulatedinordertoprotect…28“實施〞的表達方式本細那么自2021年5月12日起施行。Theserulesgointoeffect/forceonMay12,2021.本方法自發(fā)布之日起施行。Thepresent29“例外〞的表達方式合營企業(yè)可以按不超過營業(yè)額5%的比例繳納土地使用費,但需經(jīng)過市土地局核定。Jointventuresmayalso,subjecttoapprovalbytheLandBureau,paylandusefeeatarateofnotmorethan5percentoftheirturnover.30結(jié)尾/證明條款〔WitnessClause〕份數(shù)(copies)使用的文字和效力〔ConcludingSentence〕簽名〔Signature〕合同的附件Appendices(包括圖表、擔(dān)保書、相關(guān)協(xié)議等)31CONTRACTCONTRACTNO.SIGNINGDATE/PLACETHEBUYER:

NameLegalAddress

ContactTHESELLER:

NameLegalAddressTitle

合同名稱

sample32ContractThiscontractismadebyandbetweentheBuyerandtheSeller.WherebytheBuyeragreestobuyandtheSelleragreestoselltheunder-mentionedcommodityaccordingtothetermsandconditions.買賣雙方經(jīng)協(xié)商,簽署本合同。根據(jù)合同條款規(guī)定,買方同意購置,賣方同意出售以下貨物。Preamble合同前言

33NAMEOFCOMMODITYANDSCOPEOFTHECONTRACT貨物名稱及合同適用范圍2.PRICE3.PAYMENT4.PACKING

Body合同正文

34INWITNESSWHEREOF,thiscontracthasbeenexecutedeffectiveasofthedatefirstabovewritten.雙方證明,合同自簽署之日起生效。THEBUYERTHESELLER

______________________

By:__________By:__________

Date:_________Date:_________THEENDUSER___________

By:__________

Date:witnessclause

證明條款

35Wordbankminuteoftalks

會議紀要validityclausesofcontracts合同生效條款definitionandwhereas

定義及鑒于條款

assignmentandguarantyofcontracts

合同轉(zhuǎn)讓與擔(dān)保條款36rescissionandterminationofcontracts合同的解除與終止條款defaultandescape 違約與免責(zé)條款arbitrationandjurisdiction 仲裁與法律條款internationalconventionsandpractice國際慣例37FeaturesofLanguageinBusinessContract1.richinterminology

Wehavecoveredthegoodsagainsttheriskofbreakage,TPND,etc.

我方給貨物投保破損險與盜竊及提貨不著險。(TPND---Theft,PilferageandNon-Delivery盜竊及提貨不著險)

382.richinlegalwords商務(wù)合同屬于法律文書,為表現(xiàn)其權(quán)威性和嚴肅性,多使用正式、莊重的法律詞語。Contractsshallbeconcludedinaccordancewiththeprincipleofequalityandmutualbenefitandofachievingagreementthroughconsultation.合同應(yīng)在平等互利的根底上簽訂,并且協(xié)議各方一致同意各條款。該句中的inaccordancewith為法律合同常用詞語,比accordingto正式。

393.richinold-usedwordsHereafter自此,今后hereby特此/茲此Herein此中,于此hereinafter在下文Hereof在本文中thereto另外,隨附Thereof其中,它的whereas鑒于Whereby憑借whereupon因此,于是

404.richinparallelstructure在英語商務(wù)合同中,為了表達的嚴密性,通常將眾多并列成分如單詞、短語、從句等平行排列,組成對等結(jié)構(gòu),使表達的思想脈絡(luò)清楚,層次清晰。最常見的對等結(jié)構(gòu)是由and或by連接的并列成分。

41Acontractofsaleneednotbeconcludedinorevidencedbywritingandisnotsubjecttoanyotherrequirementastoform.

銷售合同無需以書面訂立或書面證明,在形式方面也不受任何其他條件的限制。

本句中,concludedin,evidencedby,subjectto構(gòu)成對等結(jié)構(gòu),增強了句子的平等感,使表達更加嚴密。425.richinspecialpatterns

英語商務(wù)合同中大量使用被動語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、情態(tài)動詞、倒裝句、省略句、條件句、介詞〔短語〕、插入語等法律和商務(wù)文書類常用句型。

43IncasethecontractisconcludedonCIFbasis,theinsuranceshallbeeffectedbytheSellerfor110%ofinvoicevaluecoveringallrisks,warrisk,S.R.C.C.risks(i.e.Strikes,Riot,andCivilCommotions).在到岸價根底上訂立的合同,將由賣方按發(fā)票金額的110%投保綜合險、戰(zhàn)爭險、罷工險、暴亂險和民變險。本句是有關(guān)合同保險條款的內(nèi)容,其中用了被動語態(tài)〔isconcluded,shallbeeffected〕、非謂語動詞〔coveringallrisks...)、情態(tài)動詞(shall),另外還用了“incase〞引導(dǎo)的條件句。44StylisticfeaturesTranslatingstrategies詞匯措辭莊重,用語正式翻譯時用正式莊重的詞語專業(yè)術(shù)語眾多在TL中尋找到合適的專業(yè)術(shù)語和合同用語用詞嚴密、具體、明確譯文也必須用詞嚴密、具體、明確語法常用長句分析原句,根據(jù)邏輯進行拆分,然后重組常用套語翻譯為目標語習(xí)慣表達的套語語氣正式、公正、客觀、嚴肅正式、公正、客觀、嚴肅45Translatingspecialtermsincontracts合同英語的用詞極其考究,翻譯成漢語時往往具有約定俗成的漢語表達方式,通常需要注意以下幾個方面的情況:〔1〕情態(tài)動詞may、shall、must、maynot〔或shallnot〕的翻譯〔2〕法律合同用副詞的翻譯〔3〕同義詞的翻譯46情態(tài)動詞may、shall、must、maynot〔或shallnot〕的翻譯may旨在約定當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利〔可以做什么〕shall約定當(dāng)事人的義務(wù)〔應(yīng)當(dāng)做什么〕must用于強制性義務(wù)〔必須做什么〕maynot/shallnot用于禁止性義務(wù)〔不得做什么〕47Thepartiesheretoshall,firstofall,settleanydisputearisingfromorinconnectionwiththecontactbyfriendlynegotiations.

雙方首先應(yīng)通過友好協(xié)商,解決因合同而發(fā)生的或與合同有關(guān)的爭議。48Shouldsuchnegotiationsfail,suchdisputemaybereferredtothePeople’sCourthavingjurisdictiononsuchdisputeforsettlementintheabsenceofanyarbitrationclauseinthedisputedcontractorindefaultofagreementreachedaftersuchdisputeoccurs.如果協(xié)商未果,合同中又無仲裁條款約定或爭議發(fā)生后未就仲裁達成一致的,可將爭議提交有管轄權(quán)的人民法院解決。本句中的should和may表達準確。出現(xiàn)爭議后應(yīng)領(lǐng)先行協(xié)商,所以采用了義務(wù)性“約定〞;如果協(xié)商解決不了,作為當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利,用選擇性約定may也很妥當(dāng)。49Synonyms同義詞的翻譯英語商務(wù)合同中,常把幾個同義詞并列使用,以防止合同雙方當(dāng)事人按自己的意圖來理解合同條文從而導(dǎo)致歧義。翻譯時,應(yīng)取這幾個同義詞的共義,以保證內(nèi)容準確,維護法律文件的嚴肅性。50Synonymstermsandconditions〔條款〕madeandsign〔簽訂〕forceandeffect〔效力〕allandany〔所有〕eachandevery〔每一個〕51approveandaccept〔同意接受〕byandbetween〔與〕fulfillandperform〔履行〕saveandexcept〔除了〕finalandconclusive〔最終〕52Translatingpatternsincontracts英語商務(wù)合同中,有些句式是幾乎每一份合同都要用到的,這些句式的翻譯也往往是約定俗成的。翻譯者假設(shè)善于積累,學(xué)會套用,將會收到事半功倍的效果。53CommonpatternsThecontractismadeoutinEnglishandChineselanguagesinquadruplicate,bothtextsbeingequallyauthentic,andeachPartyshallholdtwocopiesofeachtext.

本合同用英文和中文兩種文字寫成,一式四份。雙方執(zhí)英文本和中文本各一式兩份,兩種文字具有同等效力。54ThiscontractissignedbytheauthorizedrepresentativesofbothpartiesonDec.9,2021.Aftersigningthecontract,bothpartiesshallapplytotheirrespectiveGovernmentAuthoritiesforratification.Thedateofratificationlastobtainedshallbetakenastheeffectivedateofthecontract.Bothpartiesshallexerttheirutmosteffortstoobtaintheratificationwithin60daysandshalladvisetheotherpartybytelexandthereaftersendaregisteredletterforconfirmation.

55ThiscontractissignedbytheauthorizedrepresentativesofbothpartiesonDec.9,2021.本合同由雙方代表于2021年12月9日簽訂。56Aftersigningthecontract,bothpartiesshallapplytotheirrespectiveGovernmentAuthoritiesforratification.合同簽訂后,由各方分別向本國政府當(dāng)局申請批準,…57Thedateofratificationlastobtainedshallbetakenastheeffectivedateofthecontract.…以最后一方的批準日期為本合同的生效日期,58Bothpartiesshallexerttheirutmosteffortstoobtaintheratificationwithin60daysandshalladvisetheotherpartybytelexandthereaftersendaregisteredletterforconfirmation.雙方應(yīng)力爭在60天內(nèi)獲得批準,用電傳通知對方,并用掛號信件確認。59Thecontractshallbevalidfor10yearsfromtheeffectivedateofthecontract,ontheexpiryofthevaliditytermofcontract,thecontractshallautomaticallybecomenullandvoid.

本合同有效期從合同生效之日起共10年,有效期滿后,本合同自動失效。60Theoutstandingclaimsandliabilitiesexistingbetweenbothpartiesontheexpiryofthevalidityofthecontractshallnotbeinfluencedbytheexpirationofthiscontract.Thedebtorshallbekeptliableuntilthedebtorfullypaysuphisdebtstothecreditor.

本合同期限屆滿時,雙方發(fā)生的未了債權(quán)和債務(wù)不受合同期滿的影響,債務(wù)人應(yīng)向債權(quán)人繼續(xù)償付未了債務(wù)。61Anyclause,covenantoragreementinacontractofcarriagerelievingthecarrierortheshipfromliabilityforlossordamageto,orinconnectionwith,goodsarisingfromnegligence,faultorfailureindutiesandobligationsprovidedinthisarticleorlesseningsuchliabilityotherwisethanprovidedintheserulesshallbenullandvoidandnoeffect.運輸契約中任何條款、約定或協(xié)議,凡解除承運人或船舶由于疏忽、過失或未履行本條款規(guī)定的責(zé)任和義務(wù),而引起貨物或關(guān)于貨物的喪失或損害責(zé)任的,或在本公約外減輕這種責(zé)任的,都應(yīng)作廢或無效。62另外,一些英語商務(wù)合同中常用短語的漢譯也比較固定,翻譯時可套用。hereinafterreferredtoas以下稱whereas鑒于inwitnesswhereof茲證明forandonbehalfof代表byvirtueof因為priorto在……之前asregards/concerning/relatingto關(guān)于ceasetodo停止做ineffect事實上miscellaneous其他事項63Criteriaoftranslation外貿(mào)合同是法律文件,屬于莊重文體。因此外貿(mào)合同的翻譯應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循準確嚴謹、標準通順的翻譯原那么用詞準確術(shù)語統(tǒng)一格式完整64Readthefollowingsentenceanditsversion.Canyoufindanythingwrong/improper?

ByirrevocableLetterofCreditavailablebySellersdocumentarybillatsighttobevalidfornegotiationinChinauntil15daysafterdateofshipment,theLetterofCreditmustreachtheSellers30daysbeforethecontractedmonthofshipment.以不可取消的信用證,憑賣方即期付有的票據(jù)協(xié)商,有效期應(yīng)為裝運期15天后在中國到期,該信用證必須于合同規(guī)定的裝運月份前30天到達賣方。不可撤銷信用證譯為“即期付有單據(jù)的票據(jù)〞,概念不清,票據(jù)概念廣泛,包括匯票、本票、支票等,在外貿(mào)合同支付條款中的票據(jù)應(yīng)該為“匯票〞,應(yīng)譯為“跟單匯票〞應(yīng)為“議付〞裝運期后15天65ByirrevocableLetterofCreditavailablebySellersdocumentarybillatsighttobevalidfornegotiationinChinauntil15daysafterdateofshipment,theLetterofCreditmustreachtheSellers30daysbeforethecontractedmonthofshipment.Revised:

以不可撤銷的信用證,憑賣方即期跟單匯票議付,有效期應(yīng)為裝運期后15天在中國到期。該信用證必須于合同規(guī)定的裝運月份前30天到達賣方。66Readthefollowingsentenceanditsversion.Canyoufindanythingwrong/improper?

Thebalanceshouldbesettleduponthearrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestination.余款在貨物到達目的港后結(jié)算。Note:翻譯合同必須嚴謹準確,原文中upon含有“后一個動作將在前一個動作之后隨即或馬上發(fā)生〞之意,必須翻譯出來,因此譯文存在漏洞,容易被不法商人利用。Revised:余款應(yīng)在貨物貨物到達目的港后即行支付。67Readthefollowingsentenceanditsversion.Canyoufindanythingwrong/improper?Totalvalue:US$5,400,000.00(Say:USDollarsFIVEMILLIONFOURHUNDREDTHOUSANDonly)總價:5,400,000.00美元Note:翻譯必須忠實于原文,不能隨意去掉大寫局部,專業(yè)性和嚴密性必須要注意。Revised:總價:5,400,000.00美元(大寫:伍佰肆拾萬美元〕68Thecarrier’sresponsibilityforthecargoceasesimmediatelywhenthecargoleavestheship’stackleandthereafterallrisksandexpensesinvolvedaretheresponsibilityofthecargo.當(dāng)貨物離開輪船掛鉤時,運送者的責(zé)任立即終止,此后的一切風(fēng)險和費用均和貨物本身相關(guān)。Note:原文中三個“cargo〞意思不盡相同,第三個cargo用來修飾responsibility,句子的主語是risksandexpenses,根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)該理解成“貨主〞。Readthefollowingsentenceanditsversion.Canyoufindanythingwrong/improper?69Thecarrier’sresponsibilityforthecargoceasesimmediatelywhenthecargoleavestheship’stackleandthereafterallrisksandexpensesinvolvedaretheresponsibilityofthecargo.當(dāng)貨物離開輪船掛鉤時,承運人的責(zé)任即行終止,此后一切風(fēng)險和費用均由貨主負責(zé)。70新公司應(yīng)建立經(jīng)營管理機構(gòu)負責(zé)企業(yè)的日常管理工作。

Thenewcompanyshallestablishamanagementofficewhichshallberesponsibleforitsdailymanagement.Mainproblem:行文拖拉、有失簡約Revised:Thenewcompanyshallestablishanofficeforitsdailygovernance.71TranslatethefollowingAPPOINTMENTASCONTRACTFULL-TIMESENIORCUSTOMSADMINISTRATORANAGREEMENTFORSERVICESmadethe1stdayofSeptember,2006betweenCompanyAofBeijing,China〔address〕〔hereinafterreferredtoas“theCompany〞〕asonepartandMr.SmithofLondon,theUK〔address〕〔hereinafterreferredtoastheContractor〕oftheotherpart.WHEREBYITISAGREEDANDDECLAREDASFOLLOWS:1.THATtheCompanyshall…2.Thisagreementshallcommenceon…72INWITNESSWHEREOF,bothpartiessettheirhandsonthedatehereinmentionedSIGNEDBY(Name):Designation:Forandonbehalfof:〔signature〕Contractor:Designation:Forandonbehalfof:〔signature〕73

APPOINTMENTASCONTRACTFULL-TIMESENIORCUSTOMSADMINISTRATOR

簽約全職高級關(guān)稅管理員任命書ANAGREEMENTFORSERVICESmadeatthe1stdayofSeptember,2006betweenCompanyAofBeijing,China〔address〕〔hereinafterreferredtoas“theCompany〞〕asonepartandMr.SmithofLondon,theUK〔address〕〔hereinafterreferredtoastheContractor〕oftheotherpart.甲方---中國北京A公司〔以下稱本公司〕與乙方---來自英國倫敦的史密斯先生〔以下稱簽約人〕于2006年9月1日簽署本效勞協(xié)議。74WHEREBYITISAGREEDANDDECLAREDASFOLLOWS:

1.THATtheCompanyshall…2.Thisagreementshallcommence雙方達成協(xié)議并聲明如下:

1.本公司將……

2.本協(xié)議自……起執(zhí)行75INWITNESSWHEREOF,bothpartiessettheirhandsonthedatehereinmentionedSIGNEDBY(Name):Designation:Forandonbehalfof:〔signature〕Contractor:Designation:Forandonbehalfof:〔signature〕作為證明,雙方于上述日期簽字。簽署人名稱:職位:代理人簽名簽約人姓名:職位:7677請把以下短語翻譯成漢語。1.byvirtueof 2.atthecloseofthefiscalyear3.priorto 4.asregards 5.mencement 7.miscellaneous 8.toconstrueacontract9.toenterintoacontract 10.excontract 78Ⅱ.請把以下短語翻譯成漢語。1.byvirtueof 2.atthecloseofthefiscalyear3.priorto 4.asregards 5.mencement 7.miscellaneous 8.toconstrueacontract9.toenterintoacontract 10.excontract 因為________________財務(wù)年度末________________在……之前________________關(guān)于________________事實上________________開始________________其他事項________________理解合同________________簽訂合同________________由于合同________________79Section7Ⅲ.翻譯以下長句〔1〕1.Afterarrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestination,theBuyershallapplytoChinaCommodityInspectionBureau(hereinafterreferredtoasCCIB)forafurtherinspectionastothespecificationsandquantity/weightofthegoods.2.TheSellershallnotberesponsibleforthedelayofshipmentornon-deliveryofthegoodsduetoForceMajeure,whichmightoccurduringtheprocessofmanufacturingorinthecourseofloadingortransit.80

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