第三版新視野大學英語讀寫books3unit1a中英課文+句子要點解釋

遼東學院外國語學院大學英語系列教案新視野大學英語第三版讀寫教程第3冊Unit1SectionANever,evergiveup!永不言棄！1Asayoungboy,Britain'sgreatPrimeMinister,SirWinstonChurchill,attendedapublicschocalledHarrow.Hewasnotagoodstudent,andhadhenotbeenfromafamousfamily,heprobablywouldhavebeenremovedfromtheschoolfordeviatingfromtherules.Thankfully,hedidfinishatHarrowandhiserrorstheredidnotprecludehimfromgoingontotheuniversity.Heeventuallyhadapremierarmycareerwherebyhewaslaterelectedprimeminister.Heachievedfameforhiswit,wisdom,civicduty,andabundantcourageinhisrefusaltosurrenderduringthemiserabledardaysofWorldWarII.Hisamazingdeterminationhelpedmotivatehisentirenationandwasaninspirationworldwide.1英國的偉大首相溫斯頓·丘吉爾爵士，小時候在哈羅公學上學。當時他可不是個好學生，要不是出身名門，他可能早就因為違反紀律被開除了。謝天謝地，他總算從哈羅畢業(yè)了，在那里犯下的錯誤并沒影響到他上大學。后來，他憑著軍旅生涯中的杰出表現(xiàn)當選為英國首相。他的才思、智慧、公民責任感以及在二戰(zhàn)痛苦而黑暗的時期拒絕投降的無畏勇氣，為他贏得了美名。他非凡的決心，不僅激勵了整個民族，還鼓舞了全世界。1Hewasnotagoodstudent,andhadhenotbeenfromafamousfamily,heprobablywouldhavebeenremovedfromtheschoolfordeviatingfromtherules.(Para.1)Meaning:Churchillwasnotagoodstudent.Ifhehadnotbeenfromafamousfamily,heprobablywouldhavebeendismissedfromtheschoolbecauseofbreakingtherules.Sentencestructurenote:“Hadhenotbeen…”為倒裝的虛擬條件句，相當于“Ifhehadnotbeen?！痹跁嬲Z中，條件從句可以不用連詞if,而將謂語中的had,were或should等移至主語之前，構(gòu)成倒裝。例如：Haditnotbeenforhishelp,Iwouldneverhavecompletedtheproject.要不是他幫忙，我完不成這個項目。Wereyouinmyposition,youwoulddothesame.你要是處于我這個位置，你也會這樣做的。Shouldyoubepassing,docomeandseeus.如果你經(jīng)過這里，一定要來看我們。2Thankfully,hedidfinishatHarrowandhiserrorstheredidnotprecludehimfromgoingontotheuniversity.(Para.1)Meaning:Fortunately,hegraduatedfromHarrowandhismistakestheredidnotkeephimfromgoingtocollege.3Heeventuallyhadapremierarmycareerwherebyhewaslaterelectedprimeminister.(Para.1)Meaning:Finallyhejoinedthearmy,andthenhisoutstandingarmycareermadeitpossibleforhimtobeelectedprimeminister.4Heachievedfameforhiswit,wisdom,civicduty,andabundantcourageinhisrefusaltosurrenderduringthemiserabledarkdaysofWorldWarII.(Para.1)Meaning:Hebecamewell-knownbecauseofhisintelligence,wisdom,responsibilityofacitizen,andremarkablecourageinhisrefusaltogiveupduringthemostpainfuldaysoftheSecondWorldWar.5Hisamazingdeterminationhelpedmotivatehisentirenationandwasaninspirationworldwide.(Para.1)Meaning:Hewasdeterminedtowinthewar,whichinspiredtheBritishpeopleandtheworldaswell.2Towardtheendofhisperiodasprimeminister,hewasinvitedtoaddressthepatrioticyoungboysathisoldschool,Harrow.Theheadmastersaid,"Younggentlemen,thegreatestspeakerofourtime,willbehereinafewdaystoaddressyou,andyoushouldobeywhateversoundadvicehemaygiveyou."Thegreatdayarrived.SirWinstonstoodup,allfivefeet,fiveinchesand107ofhim,andgavethisshort,clear-cutspeech:"Youngmen,nevergiveup.Nevergiveup!Nevergiv遼東學院外國語學院大學英語系列教案新視野大學英語第三版讀寫教程第3冊up!Never,never,never,never!"2在他首相任期即將結(jié)束時，他應邀前往母校哈羅公學，為滿懷報國之志的同學們作演講。校長說：“年輕的先生們，當代最偉大的演說家過幾天就會來為你們演講，他提出的任何中肯的建議，你們都要聽從?！蹦莻€激動人心的日子終于到了。溫斯頓爵士站了起來——他只有5英尺5英寸高，體重卻有107公斤。他作了言簡意賅的講話：“年輕人，要永不放棄。永不放棄！永不放棄！永不，永不，永不，永不！”6Towardtheendofhisperiodasprimeminister,hewasinvitedtoaddressthepatrioticyoungboysathisoldschool,Harrow.(Para.2)Meaning:Ashisperiodasprimeministerwascomingtoanend,hewasinvitedtogiveaspeechtothestudentswholovedtheircountry,athisoldschool,HarrowSchool.3Personalhistory,educationalopportunity,individualdilemmas—noneofthesecaninhibitstrongspiritcommittedtosuccess.Notaskistoohard.Noamountofpreparationistoolongotoodifficult.Taketheexampleoftwoofthemostscholarlyscientistsofourage,AlbertEinsandThomasEdison.Bothfacedimmenseobstaclesandextremecriticism.Bothwerecalled"slowtolearn"andwrittenoffasidiotsbytheirteachers.ThomasEdisonranawayfromschoolbecausehisteacherwhippedhimrepeatedlyforaskingtoomanyquestions.Einsteindidn'tspeakfluentlyuntilhewasalmostnineyearsoldandwassuchapoorstudentthatsomethoughthewasunabletolearn.Yetbothboys'parentsbelievedinthem.Theyworkedintenselyeachdaywiththeirsonsandtheboyslearnedtoneverbypassthelonghoursofhardworkthattheyneededtosucceed.Intheend,bothEinsteinandEdisonovercametheirchildhoodpersecutionandwentontoachievemagnificentdiscoveriesthatbenefittheentireworldtoday.3個人經(jīng)歷、教育機會、個人困境，這些都不能阻擋一個全力以赴追求成功的、有著堅強意志的人。任務再苦，準備再長，難度再大，都不能讓他放棄自己的追求。就以本時代最有學問的兩位科學家——阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦和托馬斯·愛迪生為例，他們都曾面臨巨大的障礙和極端的批評，都曾被說成“不開竅”，被老師當成笨蛋而放棄。托馬斯·愛迪生還曾逃學，因為老師嫌他問的問題太多而經(jīng)常鞭打他。愛因斯坦一直到將近9歲才能流利地說話，學習成績太差，有些人認為他都已經(jīng)學不好了。然而，這兩個男孩的父母都相信他們。他們堅持不懈地每天和兒子一起努力，孩子們也了解到，要想成功，就絕不要怕付出長期而艱辛的努力。最終，愛因斯坦和愛迪生都擺脫了童年的困擾，進而作出了造福當今全世界的偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)。7Personalhistory,educationalopportunity,individualdilemmas—noneofthesecaninhibitastrongspiritcommittedtosuccess.(Para.3)Meaning:Personalexperience,educationalbackgroundorindividualdifficultsitua—notiohinsgcanpreventapersonwithastrongwillfromsucceeding.8Notaskistoohard.Noamountofpreparationistoolongortoodifficult.(Para.3)Meaningbeyondwords:Apersonwithastrongwillisnotfearfulofanydifficulttaskandiswillingtoputinlotsoftimeandhardefforttogetpreparedforhisgoal.Sentencestructurenote:“No…too…是”一種強調(diào)句型。例如：Nojobistoosmall.沒有任何一種工作是微不足道的。9Taketheexampleoftwoofthemostscholarlyscientistsofourage,AlbertEinsteinandThomasEdison.(Para.3)Meaning:Thetwomostlearnedscientistsofourage,AlbertEinsteinandThomasEdison,aretypicalexamples.遼東學院外國語學院大學英語系列教案新視野大學英語第三版讀寫教程第3冊10Bothwerecalled"slowtolearn"andwrittenoffasidiotsbytheirteachers.(Para.3)Meaning:Bothofthemwerelabeledasboyswithlearningdifficultiesanddescribedasstupidbytheirteachers.11Theyworkedintenselyeachdaywiththeirsons,andtheboyslearnedtoneverbypassthelonghoursofhardworkthattheyneededtosucceed.(Para.3)Meaning:Theyspentlotsoftimeandenergyhelpingtheirsonseachday,andtheboyslearnedthatwithoutlonghoursofhardworksuccesswillbeimpossible.12Intheend,bothEinsteinandEdisonovercametheirchildhoodpersecutionandwentontoachievemagnificentdiscoveriesthatbenefittheentireworldtoday.(Para.3)Meaning:Atlast,bothEinsteinandEdisonconqueredtheprejudiceagainstthemintheirchildhoodandmadeimpressiveachievementsfromwhichthewholeworldbenefitstoday.4ConsideralsotheheroicexampleofAbrahamLincoln,whofacedsubstantialhardships,failuresandrepeatedmisfortunesinhislifetime.Hisbackgroundwascertainlynotglamorous.Hewasraisedinaverypoorfamilywithonlyoneyearofformaleducation.HefailedinbusinesstwicsufferedanervousbreakdownwhenhisfirstlovediedsuddenlyandlosteightpoliticalelectionLaterinlife,hesufferedprofoundgriefoverthetragicdeathofthreeofhisfourchildren.Ystrongwillwasthespurthatpushedhimforward,strengtheninghisoptimism,dedicationanddetermination.Itintensifiedandfocusedhiseffortsandenabledhimtotriumphovertheoverwhelmingfailuresandprofounddifficultiesinhislife.Ahundredyearslater,peoplefromaroundtheworldcommendAbrahamLincolnasthegreatestAmericanpresidentofalltime.4再如亞伯拉罕·林肯這個英雄的典范，他一生面臨了無數(shù)艱辛、失敗和接二連三的不幸。他的出身和經(jīng)歷真是一點也算不上光鮮。他在一個非常貧困的家庭長大，只受過一年正規(guī)教育。經(jīng)商兩度失敗，初戀愛人的突然離世也使他精神崩潰，還在八次政治選舉中落馬。此后，他的四個孩子有三個不幸去世，令他悲痛欲絕。然而，堅強的意志鞭策著他，推動他前進，使他更加樂觀、投入、堅毅。這讓他得以全力以赴，一次次戰(zhàn)勝生命中的巨大困難和挫折。一百年之后，世界各地的人們都贊頌亞伯拉罕·林肯，認為他是有史以來最偉大的美國總統(tǒng)。13Hisbackgroundwascertainlynotglamorous.(Para.4)Meaning:Hisbackgroundwasactuallyveryplain.14Hefailedinbusinesstwice,sufferedanervousbreakdownwhenhisfirstlovediedsuddenlyandlosteightpoliticalelections.(Para.4)Meaning:Hetriedtorunabusinesstwice,neitherofwhichwassuccessful.Heexperiencedaseriousemotionalandpsychologicalcollapsewhenhisfirstlovediedsuddenly,andhefailedineightpoliticalelections.15Yethisstrongwillwasthespurthatpushedhimforward,strengtheninghisoptimism,dedicationanddetermination.(Para.4)Meaning:However,hisstrongwillmotivatedhimtogoforwardandmadehimmoreoptimistic,dedicated,anddetermined.16Itintensifiedandfocusedhiseffortsandenabledhimtotriumphovertheoverwhelmingfailuresandprofounddifficultiesinhislife.(Para.4)Meaning:Itmadehiseffortsstrongerandmorefocused,andenabledhimtodefeatalargenumberoffailuresandseriousdifficultiesinhislife.17Ahundredyearslater,peoplefromaroundtheworldcommendAbrahamLincolnasthegreatestAmericanpresidentofalltime.(Para.4)遼東學院外國語學院大學英語系列教案新視野大學英語第三版讀寫教程第3冊Meaning:Now,peoplearoundtheworldpraiseAbrahamLincolnasthegreatestAmericanpresidentofalltime.5JustlikeChurchillandLincoln,onlythosewho"keeptheireyesontheprize",thosewhoupholacommittedandfocusedwillandspirit,willfindtheirendeavorssuccessful.Manyartists,statesmen,writersandinventorshavehadthesameexperience.Theyachievedprosperitybecausetheypossessedafiercewilltokeeppreparingandworkingandapassiontosucceed.Theyattainedsuccess,notbecauseitwaseasy,butbecausetheyhadthewilltoovercomeprofoundobstaclesandtoworkdiligentlyinthepursuitoftheirgoals.5與丘吉爾和林肯一樣，只有那些“執(zhí)著地追求成功”的人，那些保持始終如一的精神意志的人，才會通過自身的努力，獲得成功。許多藝術(shù)家、政治家、作家和發(fā)明家都有同樣的經(jīng)歷。他們之所以能取得這樣的成就，是因為他們擁有強烈的意愿，不懈地準備、奮斗，并保持對成功的激情。他們?nèi)〉昧顺晒?，并不是因為成功很容易，而是因為他們擁有克服重重障礙的意志，為了追求目標而勤奮努力。18JustlikeChurchillandLincoln,onlythosewho"keeptheireyesontheprize",thosewhoupholdacommittedandfocusedwillandspirit,willfindtheirendeavorssuccessful.(Para.5)Meaning:JustlikeChurchillandLincoln,onlythosewhostayfocusedontheirgoalandconcentratetheirwillandspiritontheirwork,willfinallyachievesuccessthroughtheirsustainedefforts.Note:keepone'seyesontheprize:stayfocusedontheendresult;notletsmallproblemsgetinthewayofgoodresults執(zhí)著地追求成功Iknowit'sdifficultgoingtoclassafterwork,butjustkeepyoureyesontheprize.Attheendofnextyear,you'llhaveyourMBA.我知道下班之后再去上課是很困難的，但是你得堅持既定目標！明年底你就能獲得工商管理碩士了。19Theyachievedprosperitybecausetheypossessedafiercewilltokeeppreparingandworkingandapassiontosucceed.(Para.5)Meaning:Theymadesuchgreatachievementsbecausetheyhadastrongwilltopersistinpreparingandworking,andtheywereeagertobesuccessful.20Theyattainedsuccess,notbecauseitwaseasy,butbecausetheyhadthewilltoovercomeprofoundobstaclesandtoworkdiligentlyinthepursuitoftheirgoals.(Para.5)Meaning:Theybecamesuccessfulnotbecauseitdidn'tneedmuchhardwork,butbecausetheywerestrong-willedtodefeatmanygreatdifficulties,andtheyworkedextremelyhardtorealizetheiraims.Sentencestructurenote:“notbecause…butbecause”是比較重要的平行結(jié)構(gòu)句型，表示“不是因為…，而是因為…”。這種句型一般否定前半部分，肯定后半部分，從而形成對比。例如：Sometimesplagiarismoccursnotbecausestudentsaretryingtocheat,butbecausetheyhavenotbeentaughthowtoparaphraseaccurately.剽竊的存在有時不是因為學生想作弊，而是因為老師沒有教他們?nèi)绾螠蚀_地轉(zhuǎn)述。Ithinkmarketsmovenotbecauseofanexternalforce,butbecausetheinternalstructuresareitherstrengtheningorweakening.我認為市場的變化不是因為外部力量，而是因為其內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)在加強或削弱。6Aftergrowinguponacattleranchwithoutrunningwaterorelectricity,SandraDayO'Connorfoughttoachievethebesteducationpossible.Consistentlygraduatingatthetopofherclass,workedherwayintoStanfordLawSchool,whereshegraduatedwithhonors.Butdespiteallofherhardwork,SandraDayO'Connorwasstillawomaninthe1950s.EvenwiththeprestigeofherdegreefromStanford,shewasrejectedfromtheentirelawcircuitasfirmspreferredtohirelequalifiedmenratherthanriskhiringafemalelawyer,whichwasunprecedented.YetSandraDayO'Connorrefusedtogiveuponherdreams.Throughsheerpersistenceshewaseventually遼東學院外國語學院大學英語系列教案新視野大學英語第三版讀寫教程第3冊nominatedandthenappointedthefirstwomanSupremeCourtJusticeoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.There,sheactedasacrucialvoteonissueslikeabortionandwomen'srights.6桑德拉·戴·奧康納成長于既沒自來水也沒電的養(yǎng)牛場，她努力學習以使自己接受到最好的教育。她的學習成績在班上始終名列前茅，一路奮斗終于進入了斯坦福大學法學院，并以優(yōu)異的成績從法學院畢業(yè)。盡管奧康納勤奮刻苦，但在20世紀50年代，她仍然受到女人身份的制約。即使斯坦福大學的學位有良好的聲譽，她仍被整個法律界拒之門外，因為事務所寧愿聘請才干稍遜的男性，也不愿冒險破例雇傭一位女律師。然而，桑德拉·戴·奧康納并未放棄夢想。她執(zhí)著地堅持下去，終于得到提名并被任命為美國第一位女性最高法院大法官。她任職期間，對很多問題，例如墮胎和婦女權(quán)利，都起到了極為關(guān)鍵的作用。21Aftergrowinguponacattleranchwithoutrunningwaterorelectricity,SandraDayO'Connorfoughttoachievethebesteducationpossible.(Para.6)Meaning:Aftergrowinguponacattleranchwhereneitherrunningwaternorelectricitywasavailable,SandraDayO'Connorstruggledtogetthebesteducationshecould.22Consistentlygraduatingatthetopofherclass,sheworkedherwayintoStanfordLawSchool,whereshegraduatedwithhonors.(Para.6)Meaning:Aftergraduatingasoneofthebeststudentsfromhighschoolandcollege,shewentonwithherstudiesatStanfordLawSchoolandgraduatedtherewithexcellentperformance.23EvenwiththeprestigeofherdegreefromStanford,shewasrejectedfromtheentirelawcircuitasfirmspreferredtohirelessqualifiedmenratherthanriskhiringafemalelawyer,whichwasunprecedented.(Para.6)Meaning:Evenwiththeeducationalbackgroundofworld-famousStanfordUniversity,shewasrefusedbyallthelawfirms,astheypreferredtoemploymalelawyerseveniftheywerelesscapableinsteadoftakingtherisktoemployafemalelawyer,becausethishadneverhappenedbefore.24ThroughsheerpersistenceshewaseventuallynominatedandthenappointedthefirstwomanSupremeCourtJusticeoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.(Para.6)Meaning:Alwayskeepingtrying,shewasfinallychosenandassignedasthefirstfemaleSupremeCourtJusticeoftheUSA.25There,sheactedasacrucialvoteonissueslikeabortionandwomen'srights.(Para.6)Meaning:Sheplayedacriticalroleonissueslikeabortionandwomen'srights.7Manypeoplesimplysaythattheywantsomething,buttheydonotexpendthesubstantialeffortrequiredtoachieveit.Manypeopleletthethreatoffailurestopthemfromtryingwithalloftheart.Thesecretofsuccessisbaseduponaburninginwarddesire—arobust,fiercewillandfo—thatfuelsthedeterminationtoact,tokeeppreparing,tokeepgoingevenwhenwearetiredandfail.Asawisesayinggoes:"It'snothowmanytimesyoufalldownthatmatters.It'showmatimesyougetbackupthatmakessuccess!"7很多人只是嘴上說他們想要什么東西，但并不真正地付出大量努力去實現(xiàn)。很多人因為害怕失敗而不敢全心嘗試。而成功的秘訣在于內(nèi)心燃燒的欲望——一種堅定不移的意志和專注力——從而激發(fā)行動的決心，即使疲憊，即使失敗，也會繼續(xù)準備，繼續(xù)前進。正如一句箴言所說：“你摔倒了多少次并不要緊；你能多少次重新站起來對成功才至關(guān)重要！”26Manypeoplesimplysaythattheywantsomething,buttheydonotexpendthesubstantialeffortrequiredtoachieveit.(Para.7)Meaning:Manypeoplejustsaythattheywantsomething,buttheydonotspendthetimeandenergyneededtomakeithappen.遼東學院外國語學院大學英語系列教案新視野大學英語第三版讀寫教程第3冊27Manypeopleletthethreatoffailurestopthemfromtryingwithalloftheirheart.(Para.7)Meaning:Manypeoplecouldn'ttrytheirbestbecausetheyareafraidoffailure.28Thesecretofsuccessisbaseduponaburninginwarddesire—arobust,fiercewillandfocus—thatfuelsthedeterminationtoact,tokeeppreparing,tokeepgoingevenwhenwearetiredandfail.(Para.7)Meaning:Thesecretofsuccessisbasedonaburningdesireinsideyourheart;itisastrong,powerfulwillandconcent