2023年考研外語沖刺密卷9

考研外語沖刺密卷9

一、UseofEnglish

1、EuthanasiahasbeenatopicofcontroversyinEuropesinceatleast1936.Onanaverageofsixtimesaday,adoctorinHollandpractices"active"euthanasia:(1)_____administeringalethaldrugtoa(2)_____illpatientwhohasaskedtoberelieved(3)_____suffering.Twentytimesaday,lifeprolongingtreatmentiswithheldorwithdrawn(4)_____thereisnohopethatitcan(5)_____anultimatecure."Active"euthanasiaremainsacrimeontheDutchstatutebooks,punishable(6)_____12yearsinprison.Butaseriesofcourtcasesoverthepast15yearshasmadeitclearthatacompetentphysicianwho(7)_____itoutwillnotbeprosecuted.

Euthanasia,oftencalled"mercykilling",isacrimeeverywhereinWesternEurope.(8)_____moreandmoredoctorsandnursesinBritain,Germany,Hollandandelsewherereadily(9)_____topracticingit,mostofteninthe"passive"form.ofwithholdingorwithdrawing(10)_____Thelongsimmeringeuthanasiaissuehaslately(11)_____intoasometimesfiercepublicdebate,(12)_____bothsidesclaimingthemantleofultimaterighteousness.Those(13)_____tothepracticeseethemselves(14)_____sacredprinciplesofrespectforlife,(15)_____thoseinfavorraisethebannerofhumanetreatment.Afteryears(16)_____thedefensive,theadvocatesnowseemtobe(17)_____ground.RecentpollsinBritainshowthat72percentofBritish(18)_____favoreuthanasiainsomecircumstances.Anastonishing76percentof(19)_____toapolltakenlatelastyearinFrancesaidtheywouldlikethelawchangedto(20)_____mercykillings.Obviously,pressuregroupsfavoringeuthanasiaand"assistedsuicide"havegrownsteadilyinEuropeovertheyears.

Notes:

euthanasia安樂死。lethal致命的。statutebook法典。prosecute起訴。simmering處于沸騰的狀態(tài)。mantle重任，責任。

A.incidentally

B.intentionally

C.intermittently

D.intensely

2、(2)

A.terminally

B.finally

C.eventually

D.ultimately

3、(3)

A.against

B.off

C.of

D.outof

4、(4)

A.though

B.when

C.that

D.since

5、(5)

A.effect

B.affect

C.result

D.execute

6、(6)

A.for

B.in

C.to

D.by

7、(7)

A.works

B.saves

C.carries

D.rescues

8、(8)

A.Because

B.Hence

C.And

D.But

9、(9)

A.admit

B.allege

C.approve

D.adopt

10、(10)

A.cure

B.treatment

C.operation

D.remedy

11、(11)

A.smoothedover

B.boiledover

C.brokedown

D.burstout

12、(12)

A.dueto

B.at

C.for

D.with

13、(13)

A.rejected

B.objected

C.responded

D.opposed

14、(14)

A.abandoning

B.confirming

C.upholding

D.upgrading

15、(15)

A.while

B.when

C.as

D.or

16、(16)

A.in

B.for

C.on

D.against

17、(17)

A.supporting

B.reinforcing

C.maintaining

D.gaining

18、(18)

A.patients

B.subjects

C.residents

D.physicians

19、(19)

A.officials

B.citizens

C.respondents

D.interviewers

20、(20)

A.refuse

B.evaluate

C.decriminalize

D.counter

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

When,intheageofautomation,mansearchesforaworkertodothetedious,unpleasantjobsthataremoreorlessimpossibletomechanize,hemayveryprofitablyconsidertheape.

Ifwetackledtheproblemofbreedingforbrainswithasmuchenthusiasmaswedevotetobreedingdogsofsurrealisticshapes,wecouldeventuallyproduceassortedmodelsofusefulprimates,ranginginsizefromthegorilladowntothebaboon,eachadaptedtoaspecialkindofwork.Itisnotputtingtoomuchstrainontheimaginationtoassumethatgeneticistscouldproduceasuper-ape,whichisabletounderstandsomescoresofwordsandcapableofbeingtrainedforsuchjobsaspickingfruit,cleaningupthelitterinparks,shiningshoes,collectinggarbage,doinghouseholdchoresandevenbaby-sitting,althoughIhaveknownsomebabiesIwouldnotcaretotrustwithavaluableape.

Apescoulddomanyjobs,suchascleaningstreetsandthemorerepetitivetypesofagriculturalwork,withoutsupervision,thoughtheymightneedprotectionfromthoseegregiousspecimensofHomesapienswhothinkitamusingtoteaseorbullyanythingtheyconsiderlowerontheevolutionaryladder.Forothertasks,suchasdeliveringpapersandlaboringonthedocks,ourman-apewouldhavetoworkunderhumanoverseers;and,incidentally,Iwouldlovetoseethefinaleofthetwenty-firstcenturyversionofOntheWaterfrontinwhichthehonestbuthairyherowilldrumonhischestafter—literally—takingthewickedlaborleaderapart.

Onceasupplyofnonhumanworkersbecomesavailable,awholerangeoflowIQjobscouldbethankfullygivenupbymankind,toitsgreatmentalandphysicaladvantage.Whatismore,oneoftheproblemswhichhasannoyedsomanyfictionalUtopiaswouldbeavoided:TherewouldbenoneofthedegradinglysubhumanEpsilonsofHuxley'sBraveNewWorldtoactasapermanentreproachtosociety,forthereisaprofoundmoraldifferencebetweenbreedingsub-menandsuper-apes,thoughtheendproductsaremuchthesame.Thefirstwouldintroduceaform.ofslavery,butthesecondwouldbeabiologicaltriumphwhichcouldbenefitbothmenandanimals.

Notes:

surrealistic超現(xiàn)實的。primate靈長類動物。gorilla大猩猩。baboon狒狒。chore雜活。caretodosth.(常用于否定句)(=willingtodooragreetodosth.)情愿做某事。trustAwithB把B托付給A.egregious(通常指壞人或壞事)異乎尋常的，突出的。Homesapiens人類。finalen.結(jié)局。Epsilons奴隸人名。assorted各色各樣的。Utopia烏托邦，抱負主義。

Accordingtothetext,theapeshouldbeconsideredforcertainjobs_____.

A.onlyifitisabletounderstandscoresofwords.

B.whichdonotrequireanyintelligenceatall.

C.thatarenotsuitableforhumanhandstotackle.

D.whichareboringandcannotbetackledwithmachines.

2、

By"thehonestbuthairyhero"(inPara.3)theauthormostprobablyrefersto_____.

A.thehumansupervisor.

B.thegeneticistsasawhole.

C.thenon-humanworker.

D.themanbreedingsuper-apes.

3、

Theauthorstatesthatasupplyofnon-humanworkersforlowIQjobswould_____.

A.substitutethemforhumanscompletely.

B.benefitmanmentallyandphysically.

C.giverisetotheoppositionfromgeneticists.

D.beadisadvantagetomanyhumanworkers.

4、

Accordingtotheauthor,breedingsuper-apeswouldbe_____.

A.aproblemrelatedtomoralstandards.

B.asbadasbreedingsub-humans.

C.introducinganewform.ofslavery.

D.anadvanceinbiologicalstudies.

5、

Theauthorofthisarticleis_____.

A.merelyattemptingtobehumorousaboutthefutureworkers.

B.revealinghishighopinionofmankind'sprospect.

C.expressinghisdoubtsaboutthepossibilityofbreedingasuper-ape.

D.presentinganapplausibletheoryinahumoroustone.

6、Timespentinabookshopcanbemostenjoyable,whetheryouareabook-loverormerelytheretobuyabookasapresent.Youmayevenhaveenteredtheshopjusttofindshelterfromasuddenshower.Butthedesiretopickupabookwithanattractivedust-jacketisirresistible.Yousoonbecomeabsorbedinsomebookorother,andusuallyitisonlymuchlaterthatyourealizethatyouhavespentfartoomuchtimethere.

Thisopportunitytoescapetherealitiesofeverydaylifeis,Ithink,themainattractionofabookshop.Therearenotmanyplaceswhereitispossibletodothis.Amusicshopisverymuchlikeabookshop.Youcanwanderroundsuchplacestoyourheart'scontent.Ifitisagoodshop,noassistantwillapproachyouwiththeinevitablegreeting:"CanIhelpyou,sir?"Youneedn'tbuyanythingyoudon'twant.Inabookshopanassistantshouldremaininthebackgrounduntilyouhavefinishedbrowsing.Then,andonlythen,arehisservicesnecessary.

Youhavetobecarefulnottobeattractedbythevarietyofbooksinabookshop.Itisveryeasytoentertheshoplookingforabookon,say,ancientcoinsandtocomeoutcarryingacopyofthelatestbest-sellingnovelandperhapsabookaboutbrass-rubbing,somethingwhichhadonlyvaguelyinterestedyouuptillthen.Thisvolumeonthesubject,however,happenedtobesowellillustratedandthepartofthetextyoureadprovedsointerestingthatyoujusthadtobuyit.Thissortofthingcanbeverydangerous.Booksellersmustbebothlongsufferingandindulgent.

Thereisastorywhichwellillustratesthis.Amedicalstudenthadtoreadatextbookwhichwasfartooexpensiveforhimtobuy.Hecouldn'tobtainitfromthelibraryandtheonlycopyhecouldfindwasinhisbookshop.Everyafternoon,therefore,hewouldgoalongtotheshopandreadalittleofthebookatatime.Oneday,however,hewasdismayedtofindthebookmissingfromitsusualplaceandabouttoleavewhenhenoticedtheowneroftheshopbeckoningtohim.Expectingtobereproached,hewenttowardhim.Tohissurprise,theownerpointedtothebook,whichwastuckedawayinacorner."Iputitthereincaseanyonewastemptedtobuyit",hesaid,andleftthedelightedstudenttocontinuehisreading.

Notes:toone'sheart'scontent盡情地。beckonv.打招呼。

Youmayspendtoomuchtimeinabookshopbecause_____.

A.thedust-jacketsareveryattractive.

B.youstartreadingoneofthebooks.

C.itisrainingoutside.

D.youhavetomakesureyoudon'tbuyadullbookasapresent.

7、

Accordingtothetext,inagoodbookshop_____.

A.nobodytakesanynoticeofyou.

B.theassistantgreetsyouinafriendlyway.

C.yourheartiscontented.

D.youfeelthatyouareinamusicshop.

8、

Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatanassistantshouldofferyouhelp_____.

A.assoonasyouhaveenteredtheshop.

B.justbeforeyoufinishbrowsing.

C.onlywhenyouhavefinishedreading.

D.whenheleadsyoutoaparticularsection.

9、

Theauthorimpliesthatitisveryeasytoenterabookshopandbuy_____.

A.abookonancientcoins.

B.abest-sellingnovelonbrass-rubbing.

C.abookthatonlyvaguelyinterestsyou.

D.abookthatunexpectedlyfascinatesyou.

10、

Thetextbookthemedicalstudentwasinterestedinwastuckedawayinacorner_____.

A.topreventanyonefrombuyingit.

B.becausethemedicalstudentmighttakeitaway.

C.incasethemedicalstudentwastemptedtobuyit.

D.becauseitwasarareandexpensivebook.

11、Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Aman,withoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofunfortunatecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation,modernstates"invest"ininstitutionsoflearningtogetback"interest"intheform.ofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,ispunctuatedbytextbooks—thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom—whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefits?

Somuchiscertain:thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreachers,lawyersanddefendants,marriagesandbirths;butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstresson"factsandfigures"andmoreonagoodmemory,onappliedpsychology,andonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellow-citizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticform.of"college"imaginable.Amongthepeoplewhomweliketocallsavagesallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequallyequippedforlife.

Itistheidealconditionofthe"equalstart"whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoreachagain.Inprimitiveculturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionisbindingonall.Thereareno"illiterates"—ifthetermcanbeappliedtopeopleswithoutascript—whileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEngland1976,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof"civilized"nations.Thisshowshowlongitwasbeforeweconsidereditnecessarytomakesurethatallourchildrencouldshareintheknowledgeaccumulatedbythe"happyfew"duringthepastcenturies.Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrythat,inoursociety,oftenhampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.There,achildgrowsupundertheever-presentattentionofhisparents;thereforethejunglesandthesavagesknowofno"juveniledelinquency".Nonecessityofmakingalivingawayfromhomeresultsinneglectofchildren,andnofatherisconfrontedwithhisinabilityto"buy"aneducationforhischild.

Notes:juveniledelinquency青少年犯罪。

Theword"interest"inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans_____.

A.pleasure.

B.returns.

C.share.

D.knowledge.

12、

Accordingtothetext,theauthorseemstobe_____.

A.againsttheeducationintheveryearlyhistorictimes.

B.infavoroftheeducationalpracticeinprimitivecultures.

C.positiveaboutourpresenteducationalinstruction.

D.quitehappytoseeanequalstartforeveryone.

13、

Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.

A.somefamiliesnowcanhardlyaffordtosendtheirchildrentoschool.

B.everyonetodayhasanequalopportunityineducation.

C.everycountryinvestsheavilyineducation.

D.wearenotverycertainwhetherpreachersarenecessaryornot.

14、

Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Onewithouteducationtodayhasfewopportunities.

B.Wehavenotyetdecidedonoureducationalmodels.

C.Compulsoryschoolingislegalobligationinseveralcountriesnow.

D.Ourspiritualoutlookisbetternowthanbefore.

15、

Thebesttitleforthistextis_____.

A.TheSignificanceofEducation.

B.EducationalInvestmentandItsProfit.

C.EducationandModernCivilization.

D.Education:AComparisonofItsPastandItsPresent.

16、Increasingly,historiansareblamingdiseasesimportedfromtheOldWorldforthegreatdisparitybetweenthenativepopulationofAmericain1492—newestimatesofwhichjumpashighas100million,orapproximatelyone-sixthofthehumanraceatthattime—andthefewmillionfull-bloodedNativeAmericansaliveattheendofthenineteenthcentury.Thereisnodoubtthatchronicdiseasewasanimportantfactorinthesharpdecline,anditishighlyprobablethatthegreatestkillerwasepidemicdisease,especiallyasmanifestedinvirgin-soilepidemics.

Virgin-soilepidemicsarethoseinwhichthepopulationsatriskhavehadnopreviouscontactwiththediseasesthatstrikethemandarethereforeimmunologicallyalmostdefenseless.Thatvirgin-soilepidemicswereimportantinAmericanhistoryisstronglyindicatedbyevidencethatanumberofdangerousmaladies—smallpox,measles,malaria,yellowfever,andundoubtedlyseveralmore—wereunknowninthepre-ColumbianNewWorld.TheeffectsoftheirsuddenintroductionaredemonstratedintheearlychroniclesofAmerica,whichcontainreportsofhorribleepidemicsandsteeppopulationdeclines,confirmedinmanycasesbyquantitativeanalyzesofSpanishtributerecordsandothersources.TheevidenceprovidedbythedocumentsofBritishandFrenchcoloniesisnotasdefinitivebecausetheconquerorsofthoseareasdidnotestablishpermanentsettlementsandbegantokeepcontinuousrecordsuntiltheseventeenthcentury,bywhichtimetheworstepidemicshadprobablyalreadytakenplace.Furthermore,theBritishtendedtodrivethenativepopulationsaway,ratherthantoenslavethemastheSpaniardsdid;sothattheepidemicsofBritishAmericaoccurredbeyondtherangeofcolonists'directobservation.

Evenso,thesurvivingrecordsofNorthAmericadocontainreferencestodeadlyepidemicsamongthenativepopulation.In1616—1619anepidemic,possiblyofpneumonicplague,sweptcoastalNewEngland,killingasmanyasnineoutoften.Duringthe1630'ssmallpox,thediseasemostfataltotheNativeAmericanpeople,eliminatedhalfthepopulationoftheHuronandIroquoisconfederations.Inthe1820'sfeverruinedthepeopleoftheColumbiaRiverarea,killingeightoutoftenofthem.

Unfortunately,thedocumentationoftheseandotherepidemicsisslightandfrequentlyunreliable,anditisnecessarytosupplementwhatlittlewedoknowwithevidencefromrecentepidemicsamongNativeAmericans.Forexample,in1952anoutbreakofmeaslesamongtheNativeAmericaninhabitantsofUngavaBay,Quebec,affected99percentofthepopulationandkilled7percent,eventhoughsomehadthebenefitofmodernmedicine.Casessuchasthisdemonstratethatevendiseasesthatarenotnormallyfatalcanhavedestroyingconsequenceswhentheystrikeanimmunologicallydefenselesscommunity.

Notes:

disparity差距。virgin-soil處女地。malady疾病chronicle編年史。tribute貢品。pneumonicplague肺鼠疫。confederation同盟。smallpox天花。measles麻疹。

Accordingtothetext,virgin-soilepidemicscanbedistinguishedfromothercatastrophicoutbreaksofdiseaseinthatvirgin-soilepidemics_____.

A.recurmorefrequentlythanchronicdiseases.

B.involvepopulationswithnopriorexposuretoadisease.

C.usuallyinvolveanumberofinteractingdiseases.

D.arelessresponsivetomedicaltreatmentthanareotherdiseases.

17、

WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetextconcerningSpanishtributerecords?

A.Theywerebeingkeptpriortotheseventeenthcentury.

B.Theymentiononlyepidemicsofsmallpox.

C.TheyprovidequantitativeandqualitativeevidenceaboutNativeAmericanpopulations.

D.Theyprovethatcertaindiseaseswereunknowninthepre-ColumbianNewWorld.

18、

ItcanbeinferredfromthetextabouttheNativeAmericaninhabitantsofUngavaBaythatthey_____.

A.couldscarcelywardoffthefatalattackbythe1952epidemic.

B.wereimmunologicallydefenselessagainstmeasles.

C.werethelastnativepeopletobestruckbyavirgin-soilepidemic.

D.didnotcomeintofrequentcontactwithWhiteAmericansuntilthe20thcentury.

19、

Theauthormentionsthe1952measlesoutbreakmostprobablyinorderto_____.

A.demonstratetheimpactofmodernmedicineonepidemicdisease.

B.refuteallegationsofunreliabilitymadeagainstthehistoricalrecordofcolonialAmerica.

C.advocatenewresearchintothecontinuingproblemofepidemicdisease.

D.confirmthedocumentaryevidenceofepidemicdiseaseincolonialAmerica.

20、

Theprimarypurposeofthetextisto_____.

A.providesupportforahypothesis.

B.reconcileopposingviewpoints.

C.refuteacommonmisconception.

D.analyzeanargumentindetail.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41—45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA—Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.

Itishardlynecessarytopointoutthatweliveinaworldofincreasingindustrialization.Whilethisprocessenablesustoraiseourstandardoflivingatanever-acceleratingrate,italsoleadstoacorrespondinggrowthofinterdependencebetweenthedifferentregionsof,theworld.

(41)______.

What,then,istobedone?Althoughitisdifficulttoknowwheretobegintodealwithsuchalargesubject,thefirststepisperhapstoconsiderthemaineconomicdifficultiesanunderdevelopedoremergingregionhastoface.

(42)______.Anumberofquitecommonoccurrencesarethereforesufficienttocauseimmediate-andseriousinterferencewiththis.exportproduction:unfavorableweatherconditions,plantoranimalepidemics,theexhaustionofsoilfertilityormineraldeposits,thedevelopmentofsubstituteproductsintheindustrializedregions,etc.Thesensitivityoftheeconomyisgreatlyintensifiedincaseswhereexportsareconfinedonlytooneortwoproducts—"monocultures"astheyaresometimescalled.

(43)______.Thisalsoappliestothemanufacturedgoodsrequiredtoprovidetheirpopulationswiththe"necessitiesoflife".Thiseconomicstructuremakesitdifficultforthemtoavoidbeingpoliticallydependentonthecountrieswhichabsorbtheirexportsandprovidetheiressentialimports.

Since,undermodernconditions,arapidriseinpopulationisaphenomenoncloselyassociatedwithunderdevelopment.Thiscausealonecansubjecttheeconomytosevereandcontinuousstress.

(44)______.Inthefirstplace,tosetupmodernindustriesnecessitatescapitalonalargescale,whichonlyindustrializedregionsareabletoprovidersecondly,theylackthenecessarytrainedmanpower;thirdly,theirindustries—whenestablished—areusuallynotefficientenoughtocompetewithforeignimports,andanyrestrictionontheseimportsislikelytoleadtocounter-actionagainsttheirownexports.

Fromanotherpointofview,itisnecessarytobearinmindthatthereareinvariablypolitical,educational,socialandpsychologicalobstacleswhichtendtointerfereseriouslywithanymeasurestakentodealwiththeeconomicdifficultiesoutlinedabove.

(45)______.

Toconclude,itseemsclearthatifwearetosucceedinsolvingthemanyinter-relatedproblemsofunderdevelopment,onlythefullestandmostintelligentuseoftheresourcesofallbranchesofsciencewillenableustodoso.

Notes:beorientated...toward被引導到…。monoculture單一作物耕種。

A.Forexample,theeconomiesofsuchcountriesareorientatedprimarilytowardtheproductionofrawmaterials,i.e.agriculturalandmineralproducts;thesearethenexportedtotheindustrializedcountries.

B.Giventheseconditions,itiseasytoseethatanypermanenteconomicorpoliticalinstabilityinoneareaisboundtohaveanincreasinglyseriouseffectupontherestoftheworld.Sincethemainsourceofsuchinstabilityisunderdevelopment,itisclearthatthisnowconstitutesaproblemofinternationaldimensions.

C.Asfaras"necessitiesoflife"areconcerned,theyrepresentaconceptwhichiscontinuallybeingenlargedthroughthemassmediaofcommunicationsuchasnewspapers,films,theradioandadvertising.

D.Althoughitisobviousthatindustrializationisthekeytodevelopment,itisusuallyverydifficultforemergingcountriestocarryoutplansofthisnature.

E.Beingunder-industrialized,thesecountriesarelargelydependentonimportstosupplytheequipmentneededtoproducetherawmaterialstheyexport.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

TheteachingofEnglishasasecondlanguage(ESL)inschoolshashadahistoryofconflictingarguments,interestinginnovationsandsomeverypositivemethodologicalchanges.Tounderstandthepresentsitu