2022考研英語（二）真題完型（文字版）

考研英語（二）真題完型（文字版）SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

whydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewiill2tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.

Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudentswillingnessto4themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone5eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshockwhenclicked.

Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified7leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould8.Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.

Thedriveto10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor11orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct-itcan12newscientificadvances,forinstance-butsometimessuch13canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14thingsisaprofoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughononescuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity.Hseesays.Inotherwords,dontreadonlinecomments.

1.A.resolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore

2.A.refuseB.waitC.seekD.regret

3.A.riseB.lastC.misleadD.hurt

4.A.alertB.tieC.exposeD.treat

5.A.messageB.trialC.reviewD.concept

6.A.removeB.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt

7.A.UnlessB.IfC.ThoughD.When

8.A.happenB.continueC.disappearD.change

9.A.ratherthanB.suchasC.regardlessofD.owingto

10.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.forgetD.discover

11.A.payB.marriageC.foodD.schooling

12.A.beginwithB.restonC.learnfromD.leadto

13.A.withdrawalB.inquiryC.persistenceD.diligence

14.A.self-destiuctiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-deceptive

15.A.resistB.defineC.replaceD.trace

16.A.predictB.overlookC.designD.conceal

17.A.rememberB.chooseC.promiseD.pretend

18.A.reliefB.planC.outcomeD.duty

19.A.whetherB.whyC.whereD.how

20.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.strategiesD.consequences

Text1

ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.

Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikechain?

AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.

Buthesalsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolsinthefamilyofvocationaleducation"havethatstereotype..thatitsforkidswhocantmakeitacademically,'hesays.

Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmericasevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrigitfullyso.

Buttheheadlongpushintobachelorsdegreesforall-andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless-missesanimportantpoint:ThatsnottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneds.Yes,abachelorsdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.

Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostarentequippedtodothem.KoziateksManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.

Koziateksschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganationsdiversiyofgifts.

21.Abrokanbikechainismentionedtoshowstudentslackof______.

A.mechanicalmemorization

B.academictraining

C.practicalability

D.pioneeringspirit

22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho______.

A.arefinanciallydisadvantaged

B.arenotacademicallysuccessful

C.haveastereotypedmind

D.havenocareermotivation

23.WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates______.

A.areentitledtomore"ducationalprivileges

B.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing

C.usedtohavemorejobopportunities

D.usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns

24.Theheadlongpushintobacheloisdegreesforall_____.

A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobs

B.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs

C.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce

D.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation

25.TheauthorsattitudetowardKoziateksschoolcanbedescribedas_____.

A.supportive

B.disappointed

C.tolerant

D.cautious

Text4

Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,authorofDeepWork:RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistractedWorld,recommendsbuildingahabitof"deepwork'-theabilitytofucuswithoutdistraction.

Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork-beitlengthyretreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga"journalistic'approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughouttheday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.

Newportalsorecommends"deepscheduling'tocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime."Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepworkscheduledforroughlythenextmonth.Onceonthecalendar,IprotectthistimelikeIwouldadoctorsappointmentorimportantmeeting,'hewrites.

Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritiseyourday-inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy:ThePowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980sthatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.

Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemosteffectivewhenitcometotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcanreapthebestresults.

Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy,wealsoneedtoembracedowntime,orasNewportsuggests,"belazy.'

"Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisasindispensabletothebrainasvitaminDistothebody...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessarytogettinganyworkdone,'heargues.

SriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,believesthiscounterintuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybeduetothewayourbrainsoperate.Whenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.

"Whatpeopledontrealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneedtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain，'saysPillay.

Text4

36.Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto______

A.seizeeveryminutetowork

B.listyouimmediatetasks

C.makespecificdailyplans

D.Keeptoyourfocustime

37.Thestu