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四川省成都市2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末摸底測試
英語試題
第I卷(100分)
第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)
做題時,先將[答案』標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的K答
案】轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。
第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選
項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱
讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
1.Whatdoesthemanlikeaboutthemomentsafterraining?
A.Clearersky.B.Fresherair.C.Closerstars.
2.Whafsthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?
A.Strangers.B.Classmates.C.Colleagues.
3.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?
A.Acoffeebreak.B.Anachingneck.C.Abusyschedule.
4.Whatwillthetwospeakersprobablydotomorrow?
A.Dooutdoorsports.
B.Attendaconcert.
C.Checkweatherforecast.
5.Whatleadstotheman'sbeinglate?
A.Aseriousinjury.
B.Arudedriver.
C.Atruckaccident.
第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)
聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)
中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小
題,每小題5秒鐘。聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽第6段材料,回答第6至7題。
6.Whydothecouplechoosetoeatout?
A.Themeatgoesbad.
B.Thefridgeisbroken.
C.It'scheap.
7.Whatkindofpersonisthewoman?
A.Generous.B.Kind.C.Careless.
聽第7段材料,回答第8至9題。
8.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman'sfather?
A.He'sstrict.B.Hetravelsalot.C.Helikesexperiencingcultures.
9.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?
A.Ataparty.B.Inaclassroom.C.Atalibrary.
聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。
10.Whichclubwillthemanprobablyjoin?
A.Anunder16sclub.B.Anunder18sclub.C.Anadultsclub.
11.Whenwillthemanprobablygettrained?
A.MondaysandTuesdays.
B.ThursdaysandSaturdays.
C.TuesdaysandThursdays
12.Whatdoesthemanhavetodotojointheclub?
A.Registeronspot.B.Applyonline.C.Emailaphoto.
聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。
13.WhyisPeterinvitedtotheinterview?
A.Heisgoodatstudy.
B.Heinventedatechnique.
C.Hebenefitedfromatechnique.
14.What'speter*sadviceonusingthePomodoroTechnique?
A.Takearegularbreak.
B.Completealltasksnonstop.
C.Dividetheworkandtimeit.
15.WhatdoesPeterthinkofthetechnique?
A.Advanced.B.Effective.C.Popular.
16.Whatmightthewomanprobablydoafterinterview?
A.Haveatry.B.Buyatimer.C.PraisePeter.
聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。
17.Whatdoyouknowaboutllamasandalpacas?
A.Theyarewild.B.Theyaresociable.C.TheyarefromNorthAmerica.
18.Whenwillllamasspit?
A.Whenmistreated.B.Whencarryingthings.C.Whenlivinginherds.
19.Whatmakesthewoolofalpacasfamous?
A.Itsorigin.B.Itsquality.C.Itsprice.
20.Whatprobablydoesthespeakerdo?
A.Azooguide.B.ATVhost.C.Anewsreporter.
第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡
上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
Fancyearningrewardsforgivingyouropinions?Norstatisofferingexactlythat.
Whatareyougoingtodo?
Participateinsurveyswheneveryouwantandgetrewardedfbrexpressingyouropinions.By
participatinginNorstatpanelsurveys,yougettoinfluencetheproductsandservicesofthefuture.
Thispart-timejobiscompletelyflexible,andanexcellentwaytoearnmoney.
Howdoesitwork?
Eachsurveywillonlytakebetween5~20minutes.Itiscompletelyfreetosignup,andupto
youwhichsurveysyouwouldliketodo.Youwillberewardedforeachcompletedsurveyandas
yourespondtomoresurveys,youunlocknewbenefitsandreceivemorerewards!Completeyour
profilesurveytobeinwithachanceofwinningaf20Amazonvoucher(代金券).
Whatdoweoffer?
Completingsurveyswillearnyoucoins,whichyoucanchoosetospendindifferentways.
Youlivebythemotto“cashisking"?Noproblem!Youcanspendyourcoinsonauniversal
giftcardthatcanbeusedathundredsofdifferentstores!Youcanalsouseyourcoinsasadonation
towardsforestplanting.
Whatdovveask?
?Noeducationbackgroundisrequired.
?Don'tbeafraidtogiveyourhonestopinion.There9renoincorrectanswers.
?Youhaveaccesstotheinternet,amobilephoneorcomputer.
.YouliveintheUK.
?Noexperienceisrequired.
Areyoutheperfectcandidate?Click“applynow”!
1.Whatwillyoudointhejob?
A.Signupwithlittlecost.B.Collectsurveys.
C.Designbetterproducts.D.Giveyouropinions.
2.Whichisamustforthejob?
A.Amobilephone.B.AUKresidence.
C.Relatedexperience.D.Collegeeducation.
3.Wherecanyouprobablyreadthispassage?
A.Onawebsite.B.Inamagazine.
C.Inatravelguide.D.Onanoticeboard.
K答案Hl.D2.B3.A
K解析』
K導(dǎo)語Z本文是一篇應(yīng)用文,介紹的是Norstat項(xiàng)目。該項(xiàng)目提供的是可以通過發(fā)表自己的
觀點(diǎn)來獲得獎勵的服務(wù)。
K1題詳析1
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Fancyearningrewardsforgivingyouropinions?Norstatisoffering
exactlythat.”(想要通過發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)來獲得獎勵嗎?Norstat提供的正是這種服務(wù)。)可知,
在Norstat中,你可以發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)來獲取獎勵。故選D。
K2題詳析》
根據(jù)Whatdoweask?部分中的“YouliveintheUK."(你住在英國)可知,該工作的要求之一
是,工作人員必須住在英國。故選B。
K3題詳析》
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一句"Areyoutheperfectcandidate?Click"applynow"!"(你是完美的
候選人嗎?現(xiàn)在點(diǎn)擊“申請”!),可知,該信息來自于網(wǎng)站。故選A。
B
ThestepsatthebackofDavidOlson'shouseinNortonShores,Michigan,werebreakingoff
andhadtogo.SoonedaylastJuly,Olsonstartedtodosomerepairwork.Hewassurprisedtosee
thatthegroundunderneathwassand,notdirt.Evenmoresurprising,therewerethreebowling
ballsintheholehe'dmade."Noway,“Olsonsaidoutloud.
Allafternoon,Olsondugoutsandandbowlingballs.AsOlsonreachedthelaststep,he
countedtheballsandwasshockedtoget158.TheballsOlsondugupareBrunswicks,abowling
productscompanynearwhereOlsonlives.Buthowdidsomanyofthemgetintotheground
behindhishouse?
AlocalwomannamedJudyhadatheory.HerhusbandhadworkedalBrunswickfor48years,
testingbowlingballstomakesuretheywerequalified.HetoldJudythatsometimeshomeowners
woulduseunqualifiedballsasfillerfbrtheirbackyards.Sandandbowlingballswouldn'tbe
legallyaccepted,butthecombinationisstructurallysound.Mosthighwaysarebuiltusingthe
samebasicprinciple,withpavement(路面)overarockfoundation.
Andthatwasn'ttheendofit.WeeksafterpostinghisfindonFacebook,Olsonheardalocal
restaurantaskedtousetheballsinabowlingmatch.Inexchange,Olsonandhiswifecouldplay
forfree.
Neitherofthemhadbowledinyears,buttheystruggledforawinintheirfirstmatch.Then
theywonagain.AsDavidandMeganOlsonkeptwinning,theystartedtobelievethatthese
bowlingballsweremorethanjustastrangebackyarddiscoverybutanamazinggift.
4.WhatsurprisedOlsonmost?
A.Theballsbelongedtoanearbycompany.
B.Thestepsbehindhishousewerebroken.
C.Thegroundunderneaththestepswassand.
D.Thereweremanybowlingballsunderhisbackyard.
5.WhatdoweknowaboutbowlingballsinParagraph3?
A.Theyareallowedinconstructionbylaw.
B.Theyareusedinbuildingmosthighways.
C.Theycouldbeareasonableconstructionmaterial.
D.Thequalityofbowlingballswerenottakenseriously.
6.HowdidtheOlsonsfeelwhentheykeptwinningthematches?
A.Confident.B.Satisfied.C.Puzzled.D.Lucky.
7.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.Judy'sTheoryB.FamilyMatters
C.AnUnexpectedDiscoveryD.BowlingMatches
K答案》4.D5.C6.D7.C
k解析』
K導(dǎo)語』本文是一篇記敘文。本文敘述了DavidOlson在修補(bǔ)自家后院的臺階時發(fā)現(xiàn)了眾多
保齡球。原來這些保齡球和沙子結(jié)合起來能夠當(dāng)作填充物來填補(bǔ)后院。DavidOlson將其發(fā)
現(xiàn)發(fā)布到臉書,一家餐館申請使用它們來舉辦保齡球比賽,DavidOlson夫妻倆可以免費(fèi)玩。
這對他們倆來說保齡球簡直是神奇的禮物。
R4題詳析』
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的"Hewassurprisedtoseethatthegroundunderneathwassand,not
dirt.Evenmoresurprising,therewerethreebowlingballsintheholehe'dmade.(他驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)
下面的地面是沙子,而不是泥土。更令人驚訝的是,他挖的洞里有三個保齡球。)”以及第二
段的"AsOlsonreachedthelaststep,hecountedtheballsandwasshockedtoget158.(當(dāng)Olson走
到最后一步時,他數(shù)了數(shù)球,震驚地得到了158個。廠可知,在修補(bǔ)后院臺階時,最讓他驚
訝的是地底下有許多的保齡球。故選D項(xiàng)。
K5題詳析》
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“HetoldJudythatsometimeshomeownerswoulduseunqualified
ballsasfillerfortheirbackyards.Sandandbowlingballswouldn'tbelegallyaccepted,butthe
combinationisstructurallysound.Mosthighwaysarebuiltusingthesamebasicprinciple,with
pavement(路面)overarockfoundation」他告訴朱迪,有時房主會用不合格的球作為他們后院
的填充物。沙子和保齡球在法律上是不被接受的,但是這種結(jié)合在結(jié)構(gòu)上是合理的。大多數(shù)
高速公路都是用同樣的基本原理建造的,在巖石地基上鋪設(shè)路面。)”可知,不合格的保齡球
和沙子結(jié)合在一起能很好地當(dāng)作填充物,其結(jié)構(gòu)是合理的。因此,保齡球從某種程度來說可
以當(dāng)作一種合理的建筑材料。故選C項(xiàng)。
K6題詳析》
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“AsDavidandMeganOlsonkeptwinning,theystartedtobelieve
thatthesebowlingballsweremorethanjustastrangebackyarddiscoverybutanamazinggift.(隨
著DavidandMeganOlson不斷獲勝,他們開始相信這些保齡球不僅僅是一個奇怪的后院發(fā)
現(xiàn),而是一個驚人的禮物。)''可知,一開始David很不理解怎么地底下還有保齡球,但是通
過慢慢了解后才知到它們的用處。而在保齡球被拿去當(dāng)作比賽用品時,他們還能免費(fèi)打保齡
球且經(jīng)常贏,他們覺得這些保齡是個神奇的禮物,即他們贏得了比賽感到很幸運(yùn)。故選D
項(xiàng)。
"題詳析X
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的"Hewassurprisedtoseethatthegroundunderneathwassand,not
dirt.Evenmoresurprising,therewerethreebowlingballsintheholehe'dmade.(他t京訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)
下面的地面是沙子,而不是泥土。更令人驚訝的是,他挖的洞里有三個保齡球。)”以及最后
一段的“AsDavidandMeganOlsonkeptwinning,theystartedtobelievethatthesebowlingballs
weremorethanjustastrangebackyarddiscoverybutanamazinggift.(隨著DavidandMegan
Olson不斷獲勝,他們開始相信這些保齡球不僅僅是一個奇怪的后院發(fā)現(xiàn),而是一個驚人的
禮物。)”可知,本文圍繞著David在后院發(fā)現(xiàn)的保齡來講述整個故事。這是一個意想不到的
發(fā)現(xiàn),但卻有驚喜的結(jié)果。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“一個意想不到的發(fā)現(xiàn)故選C項(xiàng)。
C
Foralmostallofhumanhistory,theEarth'spopulationhastendedtobeyounger.Butsince
thelastWorldPopulationDayonJuly11,amajorshiftoccurred:Therearenowmorepeopleaged
65andolderthanthereareunderagefive.
WorldPopulationDaywasestablishedbytheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramin1989
tobringattentiontopopulationissues.Havingmorepeopleontheplanetisnottheonlyconcern,
though,sinceapopulation'sagestructurematterstoo.
Increasedlifetimeisaremarkablehumansuccessstory,buthavingmoreelderlypeoplealso
createsanumberofsocioeconomicconcerns.Theglobalpopulationwillcontinuetoageasthese
twogroupsgrowinoppositedirections.By2100,thepercentageofthepopulationaged65and
olderwillrisetonearly25percent-aboutfivetimesthatofchildrenunderfive.
“Mostdevelopedcountrieshavebeenagingforacentury,givingthemtimetoprepareforthe
changes.Butdevelopingcountrieswillbecomeoldbeforetheybecomerich,“saysresearcher
ToshikoKaneda.ManycountriesinLatinAmericaandAsiaareagingmuchfasterandhaveless
timeandresourcestopreparehealth-caresystems.
Whataretheconsequencesofanolderglobalpopulation?Supportingelderlypeopleismore
expensivethancaringforyoungones.Pressingissuesariselikehowtoprovidelong-termcare,
andmaintainalaborforce.IndevelopedregionslikeEurope,where10percentofthepopulation
overage50ischildless,elderlycareisamajorworry.
“Notasinglecountryhasbeenabletochangedecliningtrendsinfertility(生育)despite
governmentrequestsforpeopletoreproduceashasbeendoneacrossEuropeandinJapan,“
Kanedasays."Theagingtrendiscontinuous.
Butdecliningfertilityratescanhavepositiveeffectstoo,saysKaneda.Whenfertilityrates
declinebutthepopulationhasn'tagedyet,governmentscanspendmoreonsecondaryandhigher
education,andbenefittheeconomy.BothThailandandSouthKoreahaveseizedtheopportunity
duringthisidealperiod.
8.Whatdoweknowabouttheglobalpopulation?
A.Ittendedtobeyoungeruntilnow.
B.Peoplearelivinglongerandhavingfewerkids.
C.Agestructuremattersmorethanpopulationsize.
D.Developedcountriesarefacingtougherchallenges.
9.Whichchartshowstheglobaltrendinthepercentageofchildrenunderfive?
25percent
...............??????????25percent
19502100
percent
25percent
1950210019502100
10.What'sKaneda'sattitudetowardstheglobalpopulationissue?
A.Critical.B.Objective.
C.Optimistic.D.Doubtful.
11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.Thedecliningtrendinthefertilityrates.
B.Theconsequencesoftheagingpopulation.
C.TheestablishmentofWorldPopulationDay.
D.Thepresentsituationoftheglobalpopulation.
K答案』8.B9.A10.B11.D
K解析《
K導(dǎo)語》本文是一篇說明文。短文介紹了關(guān)于全球人口的現(xiàn)狀。
K8題詳析]]
名田節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第——段中“Therearenowmorepeopleaged65andolderthanthereareunder
agefive."(現(xiàn)在65歲及以上的人比5歲以下的人要多。)以及第五段中“Indevelopedregions
likeEurope,where10percentofthepopulationoverage50ischildless,elderlycareisamajor
worry."(在歐洲等發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū),50歲以上人口的10%沒有孩子,老年人的照顧是一個主要問
題。)可知,人們的壽命越來越長,生育的孩子越來越少。故選B。
K9題詳析》
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theglobalpopulationwillcontinuetoageasthesetwogroupsgrow
inoppositedirections.By2100,thepercentageofthepopulationaged65andolderwillriseto
nearly25percent-aboutfivetimesthatofchildrenunderfive.”(全球人口將繼續(xù)老齡化,因?yàn)?/p>
這兩個群體的增長方向相反。到2100年,65歲及以上的人口比例將上升到近25%,大約是
5歲以下兒童比例的5倍。)可知,到2100年的時候5歲以下兒童的比例將會下降到老年人
口的五分之一。故徐A。
口0題詳析》
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Notasinglecountryhasbeenabletochangedecliningtrendsin
fertility(生育)despitegovernmentrequestsforpeopletoreproduceashasbeendoneacross
EuropeandinJapan,"Kanedasays."Theagingtrendiscontinuous.w,(Kaneda說:“盡管政府
要求人們像歐洲和日本那樣生育,但沒有一個國家能夠改變生育率下降的趨勢’‘老齡化趨勢
一直在持續(xù))可知,Kaneda認(rèn)為老齡化是全世界所不可避免的一個趨勢,而且是持續(xù)的趨
勢。所以Kaneda對全球人口問題的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B。
K11題詳析」
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Foralmostallofhumanhistory,theEarth*spopulationhastendedto
beyounger.ButsincethelastWorldPopulationDayonJuly11,amajorshiftoccurred:Thereare
nowmorepeopleaged65andolderthanthereareunderagefive.^^(在幾乎所有人類歷史中,地
球人口都趨于年輕化。但自7月11日最后一個世界人口日以來,發(fā)生了一個重大變化:現(xiàn)
在65歲及以上的人口比5歲以下的人口還要多)可知,短文主要是關(guān)于全球人口的現(xiàn)狀。
故選D。
D
Agemaybejustanumber,butit'sanumberthatoftencarriesunwantedsideeffects,from
fragilebonesandweakermusclestoincreasedrisksofheartdiseaseandcancer.Now,scientistsat
theSalkInstitutehaveshownthattheycansafelyandeffectivelyreversetheagingprocessin
middle-agedandelderlymicebypartiallyresettingtheircellstomoreyouthfulstates.
Aslivingcreaturesage,itisnotjusttheiroutwardappearancesandhealththatchange;every
cellintheirbodiescarriesamolecularclock(分子鐘)thatrecordsthepassageoftime.Cellsfrom
olderpeopleoranimalshavedifferentpatternsofchemicalsalongtheirDNA,calledepigenetic
markers(表觀遺傳標(biāo)志物),comparedtoyoungerpeopleoranimals.Scientistsknowthatadding
amixtureoffourreprogrammingmolecules-alsoknownas"Yamanakafactors”—tocellscan
resettheseepigeneticmarkerstotheiroriginalpatterns.Thisapproachishowresearcherscandial
backadultcells,developmentallyspeaking,intostemcells(干細(xì)胞).
Inthenewstudy,IzpisuaBelmonte,aprofessorinSalk'sGeneExpressionLaboratory,and
hiscolleaguestestedvariationsoftheapproachinhealthyanimalsastheyaged.Thefirstgroupof
micereceivedtheYamanakafactorsfromthetimetheywere15monthsolduntil22months,
approximatelyequaltoage50through70inhumans.Anothergroupwastreatedfrom12through
22months,approximatelyage35to70inhumans.Andathirdgroupwastreatedforjustone
monthatage25months,similartoage80inhumans.
“Whatwereallywantedtoestablishwasthatusingthisapproachforalongertimeissafe,,,
saysBelmonte."Indeed,wedidnotseeanynegativeeffectsonthehealth,behaviororbody
weightoftheseanimals."Comparedtocontrolanimals,therewerenobloodcellchangesinthe
micethathadreceivedtheYamanakafactors.Moreover,theteamfoundnocancersinanyofthe
groupsofanimals.
12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reverse“inParagraph1probablymean?
A.Maintain.B.Start.
C.Change.D.Quicken.
13.WhatdoweknowabouttheYamanakafactors?
A.Theyconsistoffourreprogrammingmolecules.
B.Theycanturnepigeneticmarkersintostemcells.
C.Theyhavebeenappliedtolowertheriskofheartdisease.
D.TheywerediscoveredbyIzpisuaBelmonteandhiscolleagues.
14.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?
A.Thepurposeofthestudy.B.Theprocedureofthestudy.
C.Thebackgroundofthestudy.D.Thesignificanceofthestudy.
15.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?
A.Toreporttheresultofacancerstudy.
B.Tointroduceacurefbragingdiseases.
C.Toinformabreakthroughingeneresearch.
D.Toexplaintheprocessofkeepingmiceyoung.
K答案』12.C13.A14.B15.C
R解析』
K導(dǎo)語》本文是一篇說明文。本文介紹了科學(xué)家們可以通過將中老年老鼠的細(xì)胞部分重置為
更年輕的狀態(tài),安全有效地逆轉(zhuǎn)其衰老過程??茖W(xué)家通過分組實(shí)驗(yàn),對不同年齡層的老鼠做
了研究,均沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)有任何消極的影響。
口2題詳析》
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段的“Now,scientistsattheSalkInstitutehaveshownthattheycansafely
andeffectivelyreversetheagingprocessinmiddle-agedandelderlymicebypartiallyresetting
Iheircellstomoreyouthfulslates.(現(xiàn)在,索爾克研究所的科學(xué)家已經(jīng)表明,他們可以安全有效
地reverse中年和老年老鼠的衰老過程,方法是將它們的細(xì)胞部分重置為更年輕的狀態(tài)。)”
可知,將老鼠的細(xì)胞部分重置為更年輕的狀態(tài)可以有效轉(zhuǎn)變它們的衰老過程,使它們重回年
輕狀態(tài)。因此,此處“reserve”意為“改變”。故選C項(xiàng)。
S3題詳析H
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Scientistsknowthataddingamixtureoffourreprogramming
molecules-alsoknownas“Yamanakafactors”-tocellscanresettheseepigeneticmarkersto
theiroriginalpatterns.(科學(xué)家們知道,向細(xì)胞中加入四種重編程分子的混合物----也被稱為
“山中伸彌因子”——可以將這些表觀遺傳標(biāo)記重置為它們的原始模式。)“可知,山中伸彌因
子是由四種重編程分子。故選A項(xiàng)。
口4題詳析X
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段整段“Inthenewstudy,IzpisuaBelmonte,aprofessorinSalk'sGene
ExpressionLaboratory,andhiscolleaguestestedvariationsoftheapproachinhealthyanimalsas
theyaged.ThefirstgroupofmicereceivedtheYamanakafactorsfromthetimetheywere15
monthsolduntil22months,approximatelyequaltoage50through70inhumans.Anothergroup
wastreatedfrom12through22months,approximatelyage35to70inhumans.Andathirdgroup
wastreatedforjustonemonthatage25months,similartoage80inhumans.(在這項(xiàng)新的研究
中,薩爾克基因表達(dá)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的教授IzpisuaBelmonte和他的同事們在健康動物衰老的過程中
測試了這種方法的變異。第一組老鼠從15個月大到22個月大時接受了山中伸彌因子治療,
在人類中大約等于50歲到70歲。另一組在12至22個月期間接受治療,人類年齡約為35
至70歲。第三組在25個月大時只接受了一個月的治療,與人類80歲時的情況相似。戶可
知,此段主要介紹了這項(xiàng)新研究進(jìn)行了三組的實(shí)驗(yàn),每組實(shí)驗(yàn)的老鼠是不同年齡層次的。因
此本段講述的是實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程。故選B項(xiàng)。
口5題詳析]
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的"Now,scientistsattheSalkInstitutehaveshownthattheycansafely
andeffectivelyreversetheagingprocessinmiddle-agedandelderlymicebypartiallyresetting
theircellstomoreyouthfulstates4現(xiàn)在,索爾克研究所的科學(xué)家已經(jīng)表明,他們可以安全有效
地逆轉(zhuǎn)中年和老年老鼠的衰老過程,方法是將它們的細(xì)胞部分重置為更年輕的狀態(tài)。戶以及
第二段的“Scientistsknowthataddingamixtureoffourreprogrammingmolecules—alsoknown
as"Yamanakafactors^^—tocellscanresettheseepigeneticmarkerstotheiroriginalpatterns.This
approachishowresearcherscandialbackadultcells,developmentallyspeaking,intostemcells
(干細(xì)胞).(科學(xué)家們知道,向細(xì)胞中加入四種重編程分子的混合物——也被稱為“山中伸彌因
子,,—可以將這些表觀遺傳標(biāo)記重置為它們的原始模式。從發(fā)育角度來說,研究人員正是
通過這種方法將成年細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)變成干細(xì)胞。戶以及最后一段的“"Indeed,wedidnotseeany
negativeeffectsonthehealth,behaviororbodyweightoftheseanimals."("事實(shí)上,我們沒有看
到對這些動物的健康、行為或體重有任何負(fù)面影響。”戶可知,本文主要講述了科學(xué)家在基
因研究方面取得重大進(jìn)展,能夠有效地逆轉(zhuǎn)老鼠的衰老過程。因此,本文是為了介紹在基因
研究上的重大突破。故選c項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選
項(xiàng)。
GoodWaystoLearnaForeignLanguage
Therearemanywaystolearnaforeignlanguage.16Thefollowingarethreeagreed
uponstandardlanguagelearningstyles.
Immersionlearning(沉浸式學(xué)習(xí)).17Themostcommonmethodistovisitacountry
foralongperiodoftimeandlearnyourdesiredlanguagenaturallythroughbeingforcedtolearn
tocommunicatewithyourcommunity.Anothermethodistouseaforeignlanguageapponthe
“fbreign”setting.18
Casuallearning.Thistechniqueisverypopularamongeducatorsandstudents.19Itis
usinganapptofamiliarizeyourselfwithbasicvocabulary,phrases,andcontextofalanguage.
Thisencouragesyoutohaveforeignlanguageawarenessinyournativesurroundings,anduse
whatyouhavelearnedtocommunicate.
Peer-to-Peerlanguagelearning.Comparedtoothers,thisisanewertrend,especiallyfbradult
languagelearning.P2Ptechniquemeansemployinganativespeakertoexploreyourcommunity
withyouandhaveconversationsaboutwhatyouareseeinganddoing.20Butitdoes
involvesomebasicmemorizationtechniquesbeforeyouareatastartingpointtobeginworking
withyourindividualteacher.
A.Sowhatiscasuallearning?
B.Butwhentoperformcasuallearning?
C.Thisissimilartoimmersionlearning.
D.Thistechniquecanbeusedinmultipleways.
E.Learningaforeignlanguagerequirespatience.
F.Thebesttechniquestolearnnewlanguagesarestillunderdebate.
G.Throughit,youcanreceivelessonsonlyinthelanguageofyourchoice.
K答案』16.F17.D18.G19.A20.C
K解析』公眾號:高中試卷君
K導(dǎo)語》本文是一篇說明文。介紹的是學(xué)習(xí)一門外語的好方法。
R16題詳析2
根據(jù)前文的“Therearemanywaystolearnaforeignlanguage.”(學(xué)習(xí)一門外語有很多方法。)
可知,學(xué)習(xí)外語的方法有很多種。到底哪兒一種方法是最好的還仍是有爭議的。根據(jù)空后的
“Thefollowingarethreeagreeduponstandardlanguagelearningstyles?'(以下是三種公認(rèn)的標(biāo)
準(zhǔn)語言學(xué)習(xí)方式。)可知,設(shè)空處應(yīng)該承接上文并且引起下文,即在眾多不確定的學(xué)習(xí)一門
外語的方法中,本文介紹的三種方法是公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語言的學(xué)習(xí)方式。故F選項(xiàng)“Thebest
techniquestolearnnewlanguagesarestillunderdebate.'^學(xué)習(xí)新語言的最佳技巧仍在爭論中。)
符合句意。故選F。
K17題詳析》
根據(jù)后文的“Themostcommonmethodistovisitacountryforalongperiodoftimeandlearn
yourdesiredlanguagenaturallythroughbeingforcedtolearntocommunicatewithyour
community.Anothermethodistouseaforeignlanguageapponthe*'fbreign^^setting."(最常見的
方法是長時間訪問一個國家,通過強(qiáng)迫學(xué)習(xí)與你的社區(qū)交流自然地學(xué)習(xí)你想要的語言。另一
種方法是在“外語”設(shè)置上使用外語應(yīng)用程序。)可知,講述的是沉浸式學(xué)習(xí)的方式有很多種
方法來學(xué)習(xí)。故設(shè)空處應(yīng)該指出沉浸式學(xué)習(xí)有很多種方式。D選項(xiàng)“Thistechniquecanbeused
inmultipleways.”(這種技術(shù)可以以多種方式使用。)中的this指代的是前文的“Immersion
learning'';同時"multipleways”指代的是下文的兩種方法。故選D。
K18題詳析》
根據(jù)前文的"Anothermethodistouseaforeignlanguageapponthelifo^eign^^setting."(另一種
方法是在“外語”設(shè)置上使用外語應(yīng)用程序。)可知,在程序上設(shè)定學(xué)習(xí)某種外語,故只能學(xué)
習(xí)指定的語言。G選項(xiàng)“Throughit,youcanreceivelessonsonlyinthelanguageofyourchoice.”
(通過它,你只能學(xué)習(xí)你選擇的語言。)中的it指代的是在語言app,承接上文。故選G。
口9題詳析】
根據(jù)空前的"Casuallearning.Thistechniqueisverypopularamongeducatorsandstudents."(隨
意的學(xué)習(xí)。這種方法在教育者和學(xué)生中很受歡迎。)可知,本段主要探討的是Casuallearning
這一語言學(xué)習(xí)方法。A選項(xiàng)中“Sowhatiscasuallearning?"(什么是隨意的學(xué)習(xí)方法呢?)與
本段的段旨呼應(yīng),引出下文對隨意的學(xué)習(xí)這一方法具體內(nèi)容的解釋,故選A。
K20題詳析U
根據(jù)前文的“P2Ptechniquemeansemployinganativespeakertoexploreyourcommunitywith
youandhaveconversationsaboutwhatyouareseeinganddoing.^^(P2P技術(shù)意味著雇傭一個母
語為英語的人與你一起探索你的社區(qū),并就你所看到的和所做的進(jìn)行對話。)可知,這種學(xué)
習(xí)方法與沉浸式學(xué)習(xí)相似,都是強(qiáng)調(diào)的是找尋一個以英語為母語的人一起探討生活中各個方
面,根據(jù)空后的“Butitdoesinvolvesomebasicmemorizationtechniquesbeforeyouareata
startingpointtobeginworkingwithyourindividualteacher.^^(但是在你開始跟你的老師學(xué)習(xí)之
前,它確實(shí)涉及一些基本的記憶技巧。)可知,P2P的語言學(xué)習(xí)方式又不同于沉浸式學(xué)習(xí),
P2P的學(xué)習(xí)還涉及到一些基本的記憶技巧。C選項(xiàng)“Thisissimilartoimmersionlearning."(這
個類似于沉浸式學(xué)習(xí))中的ihis指代的是前文的P2P的學(xué)習(xí)方法與沉浸式學(xué)習(xí)相似,都是
強(qiáng)調(diào)的是找尋一個以英語為母語的人一起探討生活中各個方面,同時與空后的But形成轉(zhuǎn)
折,故選C。
第三部分英語知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)
第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題L5分,滿分30分)
閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中選出可以填入空白處的
最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
PorrasandherdaughterElenahavebeentakingweightliftingclassestogetherforfiveyears,
thoughElenaisparalyzed(癱瘓)fromthewaistdown.
WhenElenawasborn,shewasdiagnosedwithacancerwhich21fromimmature
nervecells.Thisresultedinher22towalk.Porraswasinsucha(n)23thatshe
neededtoseeapsychiatrist(精神科醫(yī)生)herself.Shewas24tocreatealong-termplan
forlifeandstart25.Alocalhealthclubtrainerrecommendedweightlifting.
OncePorrasstartedattendingthestrengthtrainingclasses,she26Elenawithher,
“Shesawmebecome27againandstarttohavemycommunity.Iwantedhertobeapart
ofthat,too."NowElenadoes28trainingwithhermom.Together,theyhavebecome
stronger,bothmentallyandphysically.
Outoftheirexpectation,amiracle29.Monthsago,Porraswasaboutto30
Elenaintothecarfromherwheelchair,buthadtogobackto31thedoor."WhenIturned
aroundandfoundherinthefrontseat,Iwas32Porrassaid."Igotinbymyself,Mom...
I'm33likeyou."saidElena.
Today,Elenaisinasurvivorshipclinicand34numerousteststogetherhealth
35.However,asElenagetsolder,theyhavetofacemore36.Luckily,allofher
efforts37.“EachyearIfindmyselfmore38andmentallystronger,saidPorras.
Meanwhile,Elena'sworkoutshave39hergrowth."Youcanbehappyorsad,butI
40tobe
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