高考英語 ?？蓟驹~匯講解講義系列(三)

高考英語?？蓟驹~匯講解講義系列（三）重點單詞詳解1．occasionn．時機(jī)；場合occasion常與on搭配，onoccasion＝occasionally,fromtimetotime,attimes,sometimes,nowandthen“有時；偶爾”。1)Youshouldn'thavelostcontrolofyourtemper________________________________.你不應(yīng)該在這種場合發(fā)脾氣。2)Imeethim________________atthecluborinthetheatre.我有時在俱樂部或劇院遇到他。3)Allthepeopleinvolved________________________mustbepresent.所有與這起案件有關(guān)的人都必須出場?！敬鸢浮?)onsuchanoccasion2)onoccasion3)inthiscaseoccasion，situation,condition和case用法辨析occasion指特定的“時機(jī)；場合；良機(jī)”。situation往往指“情況；形式”。condition指某事發(fā)展、存在的狀況、狀態(tài)或條件。case常指事物的特定情況、情況真相，如“病例；案件”等。occasion后面的定語從句多由when或onwhich引導(dǎo)；situation，case后面的定語從句多由where或inwhich引導(dǎo)。(1)用occasion,case,condition或situation的適當(dāng)形式填空1)Thereare_______when(onwhich)onemustgivein.2)Living________haveimprovedhereoverthelastfewyears.3)Inthestudyofmodernscience,there'remany________wheresoldierscanteachofficers.4)Thecurrentinternational________isnotoptimistic.【答案】1)occasions2)conditions3)cases4)situation(2)名校押題It'shelpfultoputchildreninasituation________theycanseethemselvesdifferently.A．thatB．whenC．whichD．where【答案與解析】D考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。先行詞是situation表示情景、形式，從句不缺少主語、賓語，所以選用連接副詞where。2．dependvi.依靠；相信；信賴depend常與介詞on或upon連用，后接名詞、代詞或從句作賓語。其后可接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，其在口語中意為“看情況”，有thatdepends,itdepends,italldepends等。dependon后跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，應(yīng)該在on后面加it，再加從句。dependencen.依靠；依賴；信任dependentadj.依靠的；依賴的；由……決定的independentadj.獨立自主的；不受約束的independencen.獨立；自主1)Itmaytakeseveralmonthstoreachyourtargetweight—it________________howmuchyouwanttolose.要達(dá)到你鎖定的目標(biāo)體重可能要花幾個月的時間——這取決于你想要減掉多少。2)Youmay________________itthatweshallnevergiveup.你可以放心，我們永遠(yuǎn)不放棄。3)Successis________onhowhardyouwork.成敗取決于你努力的程度。4)Iam________________yourcoming.我肯定你會來的。【答案】1)dependson2)dependon3)dependent4)dependingon/upon(1)用depend的適當(dāng)形式填空1)Sometimeswearebusyandsometimeswearenot.________________________，yousee.2)It________howyoutaketheproblem.3)Findajobandendyour________________yourparents.4)Howmuchisproduced________________howhardwework.【答案】1)Italldepends2)depends3)dependenceon4)dependson(2)名校押題—AreyouleavingthisweekendornextMonday?—That________theweather.A．isdependedonB．isdependedonC．dependsonD．relieson【答案與解析】C考查動詞詞組辨析。relyon“依靠；依賴”；dependon“依賴；取決于”。答句題意：離開的天氣取決于天氣情況。根據(jù)習(xí)慣用法可知depend不用被動語態(tài)，所以選C項。3．a(chǎn)ttendvt.出席；參加；上(學(xué))；到場；照料；護(hù)理attendantn.服務(wù)員attendancen.出席；到場attendalecture/amovie聽演講/看電影attendschool/class上學(xué)/上課attendameeting參加會議attendon/uponsb伺候某人；照顧某人attendto處理；專心于；照料1)Thepatientsarewell________inthehospital.病人在醫(yī)院里得到了很好的照料。2)Ifnotinvited,Iwillnot________herweddingparty.如果不被邀請，我就不參加她的婚禮。3)Couldyou________________thismatterimmediately?你能不能立即處理這件事？【答案】1)attended2)attend3)attendto(1)用attend及其短語的適當(dāng)形式填空1)Thisisthenursewho________________mewhenIwasillinhospital.2)Hewasverytiredafterthelongrun,andexpectedsomebodyto________________him.3)Whyweren'tyou________whenIexplainedbefore?4)Theyareexpectingalarge________atthemeeting.【答案】1)attendedto2)attendon3)attending4)attendance(2)名校押題Whentheyoungpolitician________thewedding,healwayswasin________thepresident.A．a(chǎn)ttended;attendanceonB．a(chǎn)ttended;attendanceC．a(chǎn)ttends;attendanceonD．hadattended;attendance【答案與解析】A第1空時態(tài)與主句was的時態(tài)同；attendance是名詞，與另一名詞連接時，需加介詞，且beinattendanceonsb“陪侍(某人)”是固定搭配。4．contributevt.&vi.捐贈；提供；貢獻(xiàn)；投稿contributionn.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)contributorn.貢獻(xiàn)者；捐助者contributeto有助于；促進(jìn)makeacontributionto為……作貢獻(xiàn)1)He________halfofhissavingtoearthquakevictims.他將積蓄的一半捐助給了地震災(zāi)民。2)Theconstructionofahighwaywill________________thedevelopmentoflocaleconomy.建造高速公路將有助于當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。3)Theeditorsspeakhighlyofthearticleshe________________overtheyears.編輯們對他這些年撰寫的稿件贊不絕口。4)Itisourdutyto______________________ourmotherland.為祖國作出貢獻(xiàn)是我們的責(zé)任。【答案】1)contributed2)contributeto3)hascontributed4)makecontributionto(1)用contribute及其短語的適當(dāng)形式填空1)Eachworker________onedollartotheRedCross.2)Asweallknow,freshairandplentyofexercise________________goodhealth.3)Theinventionofpaperwasagreat________tohumancivilization.4)He________________________themagazineforseveralyears.【答案】1)contributed2)contributeto3)contribution4)hascontributedto(2)名校押題—Thereisnodoubtthatyoursingingwill________greatlytothesuccessoftheparty.—I'msoflattered.A．devoteB．contributeC．promoteD．stick【答案與解析】B考查動詞詞義辨析。題意：“毫無疑問你的演唱對于聚會的成功作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)?！薄澳氵^獎了?！眃evoteto“專心致志于；把……獻(xiàn)給”；contributeto“有助于；促進(jìn)”；promote“提升”；stickto“堅持”。5．includingprep.包含；包括including是介詞，后面要跟名詞、代詞、動名詞作賓語。include是及物動詞，后跟賓語或被動語態(tài)。included是形容詞，意為“包括……在內(nèi)的”，多放在名詞或代詞之后。1)Therearesixpeople,________threewomen.有六個人，包括三個婦女。2)Ourten－daytour________avisittoLondon.我們的十日游包括游覽倫敦。3)Alotofstudentswerepraisedatthemeeting,Tom________.許多學(xué)生在會議上受到了表揚，包括湯姆在內(nèi)?！敬鸢浮?)including2)included3)included(1)用include的適當(dāng)形式填空1)Theconferencedelegates________representativesfromabroad.2)Thebandplayedmanysongs,________someofmyfavourites.3)Detailedinstructions________________inthebooklet.【答案】1)included2)including3)areincluded(2)名校押題Weareshortofteachers.Theteacherinhospital________，wehaveonly32.A．includingB．IncludedC．includesD．include【答案與解析】B考查詞義辨析。including是介詞，后接名詞代詞作賓語；include是及物動詞，后面需要接賓語；included形容詞，放在這里作后置定語。6．principlen.[C]原則；操守；道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；原理1)It's________________________________，sowecan'tgivein.這是原則問題，因此我們不能讓步。2)Sheseemstohaveno________atallwhenitcomestomakingmoney.一談到賺錢，她就好像完全不顧自己的原則了。3)Heisquite________________.他完全沒有道德觀念(他做的事一點都不道德)。【答案】1)amatterofprinciple2)principles3)withoutprinciple(1)完成句子Itis________________________(有違原則)totellalie.【答案】againstmyprinciple(2)名校押題Heisamanofhigh________andweallrespecthim.A．moralB．principleC．characterD．nature【答案與解析】B題意：他是有高度道德原則的人，我們都敬重他。principle“(行為的)準(zhǔn)則；操守”；moral須加－s表示“道德”；character“人格”；nature“性格”。7．condemnvt.譴責(zé)；使……遭受；給……判刑condemnsb/sthfor/assth因……而譴責(zé)某人或某事condemnsbto...判處某人某種刑罰condemnsbtosth/todosth迫使……接受困境(或不愉快的狀況)condemnableadj.該罰的；該受責(zé)備的condemnationn.定罪；譴責(zé)；指責(zé)condemnedadj.已被定罪的；已被定罪者使用的；受譴責(zé)的1)Hislackofeducation________________________liveahardlife.他因未受教育而不得不過著艱苦的生活。2)Weall________________tochildren.我們一致譴責(zé)虐待兒童的行為。3)Thecriminal________________________death.這個罪犯被判處死刑?！敬鸢浮?)condemnedhimto2)condemncruelty(1)完成句子1)Hewasfoundguiltyand________________________________(處以槍決)．2)Mostpeoplewould_______________________________________(任何種類的暴力行為)．3)Asanoldperson,oneisoften________________________________(無奈而獨自生活).【答案】1)condemnedtobeshot2)condemnviolenceofanysort3)condemnedtolivealone(2)名校押題Hefoundithardto________amotherwhostolebreadforahungrychild.A．compassB．CompeteC．complainD．condemn【答案與解析】D考查動詞。題意：他不忍心譴責(zé)一個為饑餓的孩子偷面包的母親。compass“圖謀；計劃；達(dá)到”；compete“比賽；競爭”；complain“抱怨；發(fā)牢騷”；condemn“譴責(zé)”。8．relevantadj.有關(guān)的；貼切的；中肯的berelevantto...與……有關(guān)relevance,relevancyn.有關(guān)；關(guān)聯(lián)；貼切；中肯haverelevanceto...與……有關(guān)1)Thetsunami________________________________theearthquakedowntheocean.這次海嘯與海底地震有很大的關(guān)系。2)Hisnationality________________________whetherheisagoodlawyer.他的國籍跟他是不是一個好律師不相關(guān)。3)Theprofessorhasgiventhestudentsalistofarticles________________thetopicunderdiscussion.教授已經(jīng)給了學(xué)生們與討論主題相關(guān)的文章清單?！敬鸢浮?)ismuchrelevantto2)isn'trelevantto3)relevantto(1)單項填空Any________informationmustbegiventoourteacherintheinterestofourclass.A．relevantB．concernedC．relevanceD．concerning【答案與解析】A題意：為了班級的利益，我們必須把有關(guān)信息匯報給老師。concerned只能后置，relevance是名詞，而concerning為介詞，均不合題意。(2)名校押題Agovernmentofficialwasmurderedlastweekandthepolicearecollectinginformationthatis________tothecase.A．relevantB．similarC．devotedD．a(chǎn)ddicted【答案與解析】A考查形容詞。berelevantto...“與……有關(guān)”。題意：上周一位政府官員被謀殺，警察正搜尋與此案件相關(guān)的信息。9．considerateadj.考慮周到的；體諒的；體貼的；為(他人)著想的beconsiderateof/to/towardssb體貼某人considerableadj.相當(dāng)大的；相當(dāng)重要的；相當(dāng)多的aconsiderablenumberof許多的；大量的consideringprep.&conj.考慮到；鑒于……；就……而言considerationn.考慮；認(rèn)為takesthintoconsideration把……加以考慮considervt.考慮；認(rèn)為1)Sheisa_______teacherwhoisalwaysreadytohelpothers.她是一個樂于助人的體貼的老師。2)Heisnomore________ofothersthanhisbrotheris.他不體諒別人，就跟他弟弟一樣?！敬鸢浮?)considerate2)considerate(1)用consider的適當(dāng)形式填空1)________he'sonlybeenlearningEnglishforayear,hespeaksitverywell.考慮到他只學(xué)了一年英語，他講得算是很流利了。2)There'rea________numberofpeoplewholikehimroundinsociety;they'reveryfashionablejustnow.在社交界有不少人喜歡他，這些人現(xiàn)在都很出風(fēng)頭。3)Ialwaystakefuelconsumptioninto________whenbuyingacar.我買汽車時總要把燃油消耗量考慮在內(nèi)。4)Thatmatterisunder________.那件事正在考慮中。5)Heshowedno________forhiswife.他不體貼妻子?！敬鸢浮?)Considering2)considerable3)consideration4)consideration5)consideration(2)名校押題Itwasvery________ofyounottoplaythepianowhileIwasasleep.A．considerableB．consideringC．considerateD．considered【答案與解析】Citis/wasconsiderateofsbtodosth“某人去做某事真是太體貼了”，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。重點短語詳解1．drawup起草；草擬(文件)；到達(dá)(某處)停下；挺直身體；將……拉近drawone'sattention吸引某人的注意drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論1)They________________alistofcandidates.他們草擬了一份候選人的名單。2)Thecar________________atthetrafficlights.汽車見到交通燈的信號停下來了。3)She________________thehorseatthetopofthehill.她在山頂上將馬拉住。4)He________________________andwalkedtotheplatform.他挺直了身體走上講臺。5)________________achair,andjointheconversation.拉把椅子過來，加入我們的談話吧。【答案】1)drewup2)drewup3)drewup4)drewhimselfup5)Drawup(1)單項填空Afterheretiredfromoffice,Rogers________paintingforawhile，butsoonlostinterest.A．tookupB．savedupC．keptupD．drewup【答案與解析】A考查動詞詞義辨析。由后置語境“butsoonlostinterest”可知，空白處應(yīng)表示“對……產(chǎn)生興趣”，故A項正確。saveup“儲蓄”；keepup“使……不掉下來”；drawup“起草；擬訂”。(2)名校押題Whodoyouknow_______theDeclarationofIndependencewhentheUnitedStatesbrokeawayfromBritain?A．turnedupB．cameupC．drewupD．tookup【答案與解析】C考查up相關(guān)短語辨析。根據(jù)題意是表達(dá)起草美國的《獨立宣言》，故答案為C項。drawup“起草；擬訂”。2．can'thelpdoingsth禁不住做某事；情不自禁做某事can'thelpdo＝can'thelptodo不能幫忙做……can't(help)butdo不得不做……；只能做……1)He_____________________whenhesawhissickmother.見到生病的母親他禁不住哭了。2)They___________________atthefunnypictures.見到這些滑稽的圖片，他們禁不住笑了?！敬鸢浮?)couldn'thelpcrying2)couldn'thelplaughing(1)單項填空Whileshopping,peoplesometimes________intobuyingsomethingtheydon'treallyneed.A．can'thelptopersuadeB．can'thelppersuadingC．can'thelpbeingpersuadedD．hadbetterbepersuaded【答案與解析】Ccan'thelpdoingsth“禁不住做某事；情不自禁地做某事”；can'thelptodosth“不能幫助做某事”。在此題中要注意用被動形式。題意：在購物時，人們有時會禁不住被說服去買一些他們并不需要的東西。(2)名校押題—Wouldyoupleasehelpmewithmyluggage?—Sorry，I________it.Mineisevenharder.A．cannothelpcarryingC．cannotbutcarryB．cannothelpbutcarryD．cannothelpcarry【答案與解析】D答語前句意為“對不起，我不能幫助搬行李”。cannothelpdoing“禁不住做”；cannothelpbutdo“不得不做；忍不住做”；cannothelpdo“不能幫忙做”，故選D項。3．goahead走在前面；先走；進(jìn)行；發(fā)生goahead(withsth)(尤指經(jīng)某人允許，或有人表示懷疑或反對后)開始做；著手干1)I'll________________andtellthemyou'reontheway.我要先走一步，告訴他們你在路上。2)Despitethebadweather,thefetewill________________.盡管天氣不好，游樂會照常舉行。3)Thebuildingofthenewbridgewill______________asplanned.新橋的修建將按計劃進(jìn)行。4)—MayIstartnow?我現(xiàn)在可以開始嗎？—Yes,________________.可以，開始吧。5)Thegovernmentintendsto________________withitsprivatizationplans.政府?dāng)M推行私有化計劃?！敬鸢浮?)goahead2)goahead3)goahead4)goahead5)goahead1)單項填空—CouldIaskyousomeratherpersonalquestions?—Ofcourse,________.A．excusemeB．goaheadC．goodideaD．forgetit【答案與解析】Bgoahead“問吧”。(2)名校押題—WasMarysorryforwhatshe'ddone?—________.A．NowonderB．WelldoneC．NotreallyD．Goahead【答案與解析】Cnowonder“不足為奇；難怪”；welldone“做得好”；notreally“事實上沒有”；goahead“做吧”。根據(jù)題意選C項。4．morethan更；更加；較為；更大程度地morethan用于比較意義，表示“比……多”；用于數(shù)詞前，表示“超過；多余”，還可表示“不僅僅是；非?！钡囊馑肌?)Hisknowledgeis________________mine.他的知識比我的豐富。2)ChinaDailyis________________anewspaper.Itcanhelpus________English.《中國日報》不僅僅是一份報紙。它還能幫助我們學(xué)習(xí)英語?！敬鸢浮?)morethan2)morethan；learn(1)morethan＋表語(形容詞或分詞)，相當(dāng)于very或much。Herparentsaremorethan(＝much)pleasedwithherresults.她父母對她的成績很滿意。(2)morethan＋名詞，相當(dāng)于notonly。Hibernationismorethansleep.Itisaverydeepsleep.冬眠不僅是睡眠，而且是很深的睡眠。(3)“morethanone＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Morethanonestudenthasseenthefilm.不止一個學(xué)生看過那部電影。(4)more＋名詞＋than＋名詞，表示“與其說……，不如說……”。Itisevenmoreapoemthanapicture.與其說它是一幅畫，倒不如說它是一首詩。(5)no＋morethan相當(dāng)于only或notanymorethan。Ihav