2020年高考英語復(fù)習(xí) 情態(tài)動詞

--PAGE8-高考英語復(fù)習(xí)情態(tài)動詞【壹】什么是情態(tài)（助）動詞？他在家嗎？Heisathome.（事實）Hemustbeathome.（非?？隙ǖ耐茢啵?0%Hecouldbeathome.（很可能）60~70%Hemaybeathome.（僅僅可能而已）30~50%Hemightbeathome.（或許，非常不確定）10~25%Hemightnotbeathome.（也許不在家）Hemaynotbeathome.（比might可能）Hecouldn'tbeathome.（很可能不在家）Hecan'tbeathome.（一定不在家）90%Heisn'tathome.（事實）一、情態(tài)動詞列舉may/mightcan/couldwill/wouldshall/shouldmustneeddareusedtooughttohadbetter二、使用情態(tài)動詞的意義1、基本功能做事的能力“潛（cn/cu）Icanlift25kg.Icantype.允許（may/might）Youmayleaveearly.預(yù)告（will/would/shall）Itwillrainsoon.－Canwefindourwayhome?－I'msureweshall.不可推卸的義務(wù)和責(zé)任（should/oughtto/must）Youshoulddo(asyouaretold).Yououghttodoasyouaretold.Youmustbequiet.請求MayIhaveyourname,please?CanIuseyourpen?……你生病了，得去看醫(yī)生！Youmustseeadoctor.Ithinkitmightpossiblybeadvisableforyoutoseeadoctor.2“推測”功能三、情態(tài)動詞的語法特征1、沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化第一組Ihaveabook.Hehasabook.Theyhaveabook.第二組IenjoywatchingTV.WeenjoywatchingTV.HeenjoyswatchingTV.第三組Heissleeping.Iamsleeping.Theyaresleeping.對比Hecanswim.Icanswim.Wecanswim.Youcanswim.2、后接動詞原形一起作謂語Wemustexerciseregularly.Hemaycomelateforathirdtime.Shecanswimacrosstheriver.【貳】各種“推測”的用法可以根據(jù)推測的時間，分為三種情況：①推測將來情況：用“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”Shemay/might/couldcometomorrow.②推測現(xiàn)在況用“情動詞動原形（或情態(tài)詞+be現(xiàn)在分詞）Hisfathercan’tbeathomenow.Hemaystayathomenow.Hismothermustbecookingnow.③推測過去情況：用“情態(tài)動詞+have+過去分詞”Shemusthavereadthebook.她一定讀過這本書。Shecan’thavebeentherebefore.她以前不可能去過那里。在表示“推測”時，情態(tài)動詞用原形還是過去式，反映的是可能性大小而不是時態(tài)XHHishandsome.（事實）XHHmustbehandsome.（非?？隙ǖ耐茢啵HHcouldbehandsome.（很可能）XHHmaybehandsome.（僅僅可能而已）XHHmightbehandsome.（或許，非常不確定）XHHmightnotbehandsome.（也許不在家）XHHmaynotbehandsome.（比might可能）XHHcouldn'tbehandsome.（很可能不在家）XHHcan'tbehandsome.（一定不在家）XHHisn'thandsome.（事實）一“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”推測現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r1、may與can表示推測①can表示理論上推測，多用于否定句和疑問句，一般不用于肯定句。eantbetm.他可能家（什這？是論推出的）Canthenewsbetrue?這消息可能是真的嗎？（問時，實際上在思考在推理）【小試牛刀】Thebookisneitheryoursnormine.Whose itbe?B.may ②ay和ight用于表事實的能性“預(yù)用于肯句。Itmayraintomorrow.（表示可能會發(fā)生）Hemaynotcometomorrow.（他明天可能不來）Hecan'tcometomorrow.（他明天不可能來）【小試牛刀】Thetrafficisheavythesedays.I arriveabitlate,socouldyousavemeaplace?B.Johnny,you playwiththeknife,you hurtyourself.won’t;can’t B.mustn’t（千萬不能）;mayC.shouldn’t;must D.can’t;shouldn’t③用于否定句ant常譯“可而aynot常譯“可能?！拘≡嚺５丁縔ou behungryalready―youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!B.Youmightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomers notlikethedesignofthefurniture.B.-Iheardtheywentskiing(inthemountains)(lastwinter).-It true(becausetherewaslittlesnowthere).maynotbe B.won’tbeC.couldn’tbe D.mustn’tbe2、should表示推測suld表示測表示可或期意思照理應(yīng)語氣比較肯定；通常指非常可能的事，并暗示其推測有一定的事實依據(jù)或者合乎常理。Heshouldbehavingclassnow.他現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該是在上課。【小試牛刀】-WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.-They bereadyby12:00.B.-How'syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?-It be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.B.Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?There betwelve.B.3、must表示推測ust表示推時作“一其否為cn，而snt譯作“萬不要”【小試牛刀】-Goodmorning.I'vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthePersonnelDepartment.-Ah,goodmorning.You beMrs.Peters.B.It bethepostmanatthedoor.It'sonlysixo'clock.B.Thenewlawstatesthatpeople driveafterdrinkingalcohol.B.二“情態(tài)動詞+ha+one”推測過去情況1、musthavedone肯定：musthavedone過去一定做了某事否定：can't/couldn'thavedone不可能已經(jīng)做了某事【小試牛刀】Jackdescriedhisfather,who abraveboymanyyearsago,asastrong-willedman.wouldbe B.wouldhavebeenC.mustbe D.musthavebeenIhavelostoneofmygloves.I itsomewhere.mustdrop B.musthavedroppedC.mustbedropping D.musthavebeendroppedMysistermethimattheGrandTheateryesterdayafternoon,sohe yourlecture.couldn’thaveattended B.needn’thaveattendedC.mustn’thaveattended D.shouldn’thaveattendedIinA.can’thavebeen B.mustn’thavebeenC.mustbe D.maybe2、could/may/mighthavedone或許已經(jīng)做了某事couldhavedone的可能性要大于mayhavedonemayhavedone的可能性要大于mighthavedone陳述句中不用canhavedone【小試牛刀】SorryI'mlate.I haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.B.Ican'tfindmypurseanywhere.-You havelostitwhileshopping.B.-Happybirthday!-Thankyou!It’sthebestpresentI for.shouldhavewished B.musthavewished.C.mayhavewished D.couldhavewished3、can推測過去情況時，也不能用于肯定句cancould不但可以用于否定句和疑問句，也可以用于肯定句。Someonemusthavebrokenintoourbedroom.Whocouldhavedoneit?CanhehavegonetotheUSA?他可能已經(jīng)去美國了嗎？Hecan'thavegonetotheUSA.他不可能已經(jīng)去美國了?！拘≡嚺５丁緿oyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn'tfindhimanywhere.-Well.He havegonefarhiscoat’sstillhere.B.-Awomanansweredthephone.Isupposeitwasherhusband.-It herhusband.Hehasbeendeadforages.mustn’tbe B.couldn’thavebeenC.maynothavebeen D.mustn’thavebeenMyMP4playerisn'tinmybag.Where Ihaveputit?B.4、shouldhavedone“按理應(yīng)該已經(jīng)”大部情下dvede只示本該某事而做。但是如果句中有byshould就單純是推測，而使用完成時是因為bynow的緣故，這樣的用法是用來表示說話的那一刻你并不知道是否發(fā)生，只是覺得可能發(fā)生了什么。比如：iasbnmeyo.在ia已到了現(xiàn)完時）Soniashouldhavebeenhomebynow.Doyouthinkshe’sOK?Sonia現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該已經(jīng)回家了吧。你覺得她還好么？【小試牛刀】They havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.B.5、情態(tài)動詞表推測時的反義疑問句含有情態(tài)動詞表推測的句子在變反義疑問句時，要按其去掉推測時的情況來變。Hemustbereading,isn’the?(Heisreading,isn’the?)Hemusthavegoneoverthearticle,hasn’the?(Hehasgoneoverthearticle,hasn’the?)Itmusthaverainedlastnight,didn’tit?(Itrainedlastnight,didn’tit?)后面有表示過去的時間狀語時，按一般過去時來變，否則按完成時來變?！拘≡嚺５丁縎hemusthaveforgottenabouttheclass, ?doesn’tshe B.mustn’tsheC.hasn’tshe D.won’tsheItmusthaverainedlastnight, it?B.Youmustbeawriter, you?B.【叁】情態(tài)動詞的基本用法一、can的用法1、can表示“能夠”【小試牛刀】Ishouldhavebeenthere,butI notfindthetime.B.Youdon'thavetoknowthename(oftheauthor)(tofindabook).You findthebookbythetitle.B.2、can與beableto1) 二者都可表示過去時間的能力，但如果表示過去成功地做了某事只能使用beable表示潛在的能力。2) can只有現(xiàn)在式和過去式，而beableto則可以用于更多的時態(tài)。Willyoubeabletocometonight?I’msorryIhaven’tbeenabletoansweryouletter.【小試牛刀】Joewasanexcellentswimmer,sohe swimbacktothebankwhentheshipsank.B.to Theywill runthismachineontheirowninthreemonths.B.be二、may的用法1、mayI與shallIMayI表示自己請求別人，對自己有利；shallI征求對方意見，問對方想不想讓自己做某事，對對方有利。MayIhavealookatyournewwatch?我可以看一下你的手表嗎？ShallIclosethewindow?要不要我把窗戶關(guān)上?！拘≡嚺５丁?Ihearyou'vegotasetofvaluableAustraliancoins. Ihavealook?

-Yes,certainly.A.Do B.May C.Shall D.Should- ItellJohnaboutit?-No,youneedn’t.Ihavetoldhimalready.B.2、maywellmaywell：很可能（Ifyousaythatsomethingmaywellhappen,youmeanthatitislikelytohappen.）如：Shemaywellnotwanttotravelalone.【小試牛刀】Liza wellnotwanttogoonthetripshehatestraveling.B.3“ay主語動詞原形”表示“祝愿……”Mayyousucceed!Mayyoubehappy!三、must的用法1、must表示“一定、必須”mustneedn't或don'thave=don'thaveto）【小試牛刀】Ican'tleave.ShetoldmethatI stayhereuntilshecomesback.B.IcanIcanleave.Ican'tleave.Ifyou go,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.B.may -MustIgotoworkwithyou?-No,you .Linda gowithme.mustn’t;can B.can’t;hastoC.daren’t;should D.needn’t;may-ShallIinformhim(ofthechange)(oftheschedule)(rightnow)?-Iamafraidyou ,incasehecomeslate(forthemeeting).B.Twoyearsago,myhusbandboughtmeabicycle.Ifyouliveintown,itisoftenfasterthanacarandyou worryaboutparking.（needn't）mustnot B.maynot C.shouldnot D.don’thaveto-Lucydoesn'tmindlendingyouherdictionary.-She .I’vealreadyborrowedone.B.2、must表示自然規(guī)律，或必然結(jié)果Badseedmustproducebadcorn.3、must與havetohaveto與must含義相似，往往可以互換使用。must與haveto有下列幾點不同：①musthave觀需要。如：Theplayisnotinteresting.Ireallymustgonow.這部劇沒意思。我真的必須現(xiàn)在就走。IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage.當(dāng)我像你這么大時，我不得不工作。②ust只有ust一種形（ut的過去式仍為shve則有更多的時態(tài)形式；must用于過去時時，常替換為hadto。Hesaidhehadtogo.Iwillhavetostayathometomorrow.③二者的否定意義不大相同。如：Youmustn'tgo.你千萬不要去。Yudn'taveog.不必去=dt）四、should的用法1、should表示“應(yīng)該”①hld表示勸、建議命令為“應(yīng)其同詞是ht；oughtto表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任，比should語氣重。Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.Yououghttotakecareofthebaby.②在疑問句中，通常用should代替oughtto。如：ShouldIopenthewindow?Ishouldopenthewindow.Ioughttoopenthewindow.【小試牛刀】Accordingtotheai