考研英語必備語法全突破(第2版)

Hewasseeingsomebodycreepingintothehouse

???最新黑魔方系列???throughtheopenwindowlastnight.

2007年版(1990年考研題，see表示結果，不用于進行式)

考研英語必備語法全突破

（第二版）2.不用wiU/shall表達將來時的形式：

(Dbegoingto表示現(xiàn)在的打算和意圖；

黑魔方考研命題研究組組編

(2)arrive,come,drive,go,leave,retire,

return,setoff,start,takeoff等表示移位的

動詞的進行體表示按計劃肯定要發(fā)生的將來動作；

(3)beto(do)表示安排、計劃、決定、命令或注定

要發(fā)生的事，如：

Greatereffortstoincreaseagricultural

productionmustbemadeiffoodshortageisto

beavoided.

(4)beaboutto(do)表示將要(做)，如:

Marlinisayoungmanofindependentthinkingwho

isnotabouttopaycomplimentstohispolitical

leaders.

(5)beonthepoint/vergeof(doing)表示“馬上

就要"，一般不與表示將來的時間狀語連用；

(6)be,begin,come,depart,getoff,go,leave,

return,start的一般現(xiàn)在時表示按日歷或時刻表要

發(fā)生的將來動作或事件，如：

Ifyouwantyourfilmtobeproperlyprocessed,

you'11havetowaitandpickituponFriday,

whichisthedayaftertomorrow.(畫線部分一般

不用willbe)

(7)在時間、條件、讓步從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時代替將

來時，但要注意區(qū)別從句的類型，如：

Idon'tknowwherehewillgotomorrow.我不

OKHERE書社

知道他明天去哪兒。(賓語從句)

第一編考研必備語法精要速覽

V11tellhimwhenyouwillringagain.我告

一、時態(tài)、語態(tài)

訴他你什么時候再來電話。(賓語從句)

時態(tài)、語態(tài)需要掌握的要點：

比較：I'11tellhimwhenyouringagain.你再

1.以下幾類動詞一般不能用于進行時，同樣不用于完

打電話時我告訴他。(狀語從句)

成進行時：

⑻在makesure,makecertain,see(toit)后

⑴表示感知的動詞：hear,feel,notice,

的that從句中，謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時,

recognize,see,taste,smell；

如：

⑵表示意愿、情感的動詞：desire,dislike,

Seetoitthatyouincludeinthepaperwhatever

forgive,hate,like,love,prefer,refuse,want,

questionstheydidn,tknowtheanswertolast

wish,fear,love,hate；

time.

(3)表示思考、看法的動詞:believe,doubt,expect,

(include不能用willinclude或其他形式)

forget,hope,feel,mean,know,agree,realize,

mind,recall,recollect,remember,trust,

3.完成時是時態(tài)測試的重點，注意與完成時連用的句

suppose；

型和時間狀語：

(4)表示所有、占有的動詞：belongto,owe,own,

(l)by/between/upto/till+過去時間、since、by

possess,hold(容納)；

thetime/when+表示過去發(fā)生情況的從句，主句用

⑸其他動詞：cost,appear,concern,contain,

過去完成時。如：

consist,deserve,matter,seem

oWehadjusthadourbreakfastwhenanoldmancame

如：

tothedoor.

Vdsaywheneveryouaregoingaftersomething

Between1897and1919atleast29motionpictures

thatisbelongingtoyou,anyonewhoisdepriving

inwhichartificialbeingswereportrayedhad

youoftherighttohaveitiscriminal.

beenproduced.(表示1919年時已發(fā)生的情況)

(1997年考研題，belong表示歸屬，不用于進行式)

(2)by+將來時間、bythetime/when+謂語動詞

是一般現(xiàn)在時的從句，主句用將來完成時。如：absurd,bold,brave,courageous,careful,

BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,wewillhavecareless,clever,wise,foolish,silly,stupid,

stayedinEuropefortwoweeks.good,nice,kind,thoughtful,considerate,

Ihopeherhealthwillhaveimprovedgreatlybygreedy,generous,honest,modest,pollte,rude,

thetimewecomebacknextyear.cruel,selfish,lazy,wicked,wrong。如：

(3)bynow、since+過去時間、Expertssaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysfor

in/during/for/over/thepast/lastfew(或具體數(shù)apersontostayhealthy.

字)years/days/months,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，但在It'scleverofyoutohaveinventedsucha

itis+具體時間since/before這一句型中，主句更device.

多的時候不用完成時。如：（3）不定式做主語補足語：

Thechangesthathowetakenplaceplaceinair掌握常用不定式做主語補足語的句型。注意不定式表

travelduringthelastsixtyyearswouldhave示的動作發(fā)生的時間，并采用相應形式。如：

seemedcompletelyimpossibletoeventhemostsaid、reported、thought、betodosth.、believed

brilliantscientistsattheturnofthe19thknown、supposed

century.Byronissaidtohavelivedonvinegarand

ItisfouryearssinceJohnleftschool.potatoes.

(4)在Itisthe+序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級+that的定Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaperto

語從句中，謂語動詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時。如：havebeenrobbedinbroaddaylightyesterday.

Itisn'tthefirsttimethatIhavefound

myselfinanembarrassingsituation.2.不定式做賓語

(5)在nosoonerthan???,hardly/scarcely（1）必須接不定式做賓語的動詞：

when/before…句型中，主句常用過去完成時。掌握要求接不定式做賓語的動詞：

⑹其他與完成時連用的時間狀語：allthiswhile,agree,afford,aim,arrange,appear,ask,

allthisyear,forsometime,sofar,already,attempt,choose,claim,decide,desire,

before,just,long,yet等。determine,expect,fail,guarantee,hope,

endeavor,intend,long,mean,manage,offer,

4.完成進行時指動作在完成時的基礎上還要繼續(xù)下ought,plan,pledge,pretend,prepare,promise,

去。如：proceed,prove,resolve,refuse,request,swear,

Thecompanyhasbeenpromisingariseintend,try,venture,wait,wish。如：

salaryforages,butnothinghashappened.Eventhoughthechildrenpretendedtobeasleep,

TheschoolboardlistenedquietlyasJohnreadthenurseswerenotdeceivedwhentheycameinto

thedemandthathisfollowershadbeentheroom.

demonstratingfor.注意：

1）有的動詞要求特殊疑問詞+不定式做賓語，這類動

時態(tài)、語態(tài)答題思路：詞有：

⑴先根據(jù)選項的區(qū)別點確定考題要點為時態(tài)，然后consider,discover,explain,forget,guess,

回到題句中尋找給出的或暗示的時間狀語，縮小選擇know,learn,observe,remember,see,tell,

范圍，進而選出正確答案；understand,wonder,如：

⑵根據(jù)謂語動詞與句子主語或非謂語動詞與其邏輯Whilestillayoungboy,Bizetknewhowtoplay

主語的關系，確定句子是主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài)。thepianowellandashegrewolder,hewrote

operas,themostfamousofwhichisCarmen.

二、不定式2）如果該特殊疑問詞在不定式中做介詞賓語，介詞

往往置于該特殊疑問詞的前面。如：

1.不定式做主語Theprofessorcanhardlyfindsufficientgrounds

(1)做形式主語的代詞：onwhichtobasehisargumentinfavorofthenew

不定式做主語，通常用it充當形式主語，把做主語theory.

的不定式短語后置。如：Withoutfacts,wecannotformworthwhileopinion

Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.forweneedtohavefactualknowledgeuponwhich

Tobefrank,itisagreatrelieftohavethetasktobaseourthinking.

fulfilledinsoshortatime,歷而該用不定式做賓語補足語（復合賓語）的動詞：

(2)引導邏輯主語的介詞：下列動詞可以用不定式做賓語補足語（復合賓語）：

不定式的邏輯主語一般由介詞for引導，但下列表示advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,command,compel,

人的性格行為特征的形容詞做表語時，不定式的邏enable,determine,encourage,expect,feel,

輯主語則由of引導：

find,force,hate,have,hear,help,inform,involved.

invite,let,like,make,mean,need,notice,(2)so-asto,such???asto,enough-to,too???to

notify,oblige,order,permit,persuade,remind,結構做程度狀語。如：

request,require,see,send,teach,tell,tempt,Thesolutionworksonlyforcoupleswhoare

trouble,urge,want,warn,watch,wish。self-employed,don'thavesmallchildrenand

注意：畫線動詞后面的不定式不帶to。getalongwellenoughtospendmostoftheirtime

如：together.

Becauseoftherecentaccidents,ourparentsThevocabularyandgrammaticaldifferences

forbidmybrotherandmetoswimintheriverbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishareso

unlesssomeoneagreestowatchoverus.trivialandfewashardlytobenoticed.

(3)不定式做結果狀語只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾，表示

3.不定式做定語不愉快的結果，有時用0nly加強語氣。

(1)被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或next,常見的不定式動詞有find,hear,see,betold,

last,only,nota,the,very等限定詞時，該名form,give,make,produce等。如：

詞用不定式做定語。如：Greatlyagitated,Irushedtotheapartmentand

thefirstwomantosetfootonthemoon第一個triedthedoor,onlytofinditlocked.

登上月球的女性(4)not/nevertoo…to,too…notto,but/only

(2)如果其動詞要求不定式做賓語，相應的名詞一般too…to,tooready/eager/apt/inclinedto表示

用不定式做定語。如：肯定意義。如：

tendencytodo-?tendtodo,decisiontodo—Iamonlytoopleasedtohearfromyoufurther.

decidetodoThisbookisanattempttohelpyou能再聽到你的消息，我太高興了。

useEnglishandrecognizehowitisused.

(3)如果其形容詞形式要求接不定式做補語,相應的三、動名詞

名詞一般用不定式做定語。如：

ambitiontodo"干的雄心”fbeambitioustoL必須接動名詞做賓語的動詞

do“有雄心干……”牢記下列要求接動名詞做賓語的動詞：

curiositytodo”對的好奇/心”-*becuriousacknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,

todo“對……好奇”advise,avoid,admit,confess,consider,defend,

abilitytodo”做的能力”—abletodo”有delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,

能力做……”fancy,favor,finish,forgive,imagine,include,

AccordingtoDarwin,randomchangesthatenhanceinvolve,justify,keepmind,miss,mention,

aspecies'abilitytosurvivearenaturallypardon,practice,postpone,permit,report,

selectedandpassedontosucceedinggeneration.resent,resume,recall,recollect,risk,resist,

(4)表示方式、原因、時間、機會、權利等名詞用不suggest,tolerateo如：

定式做定語，這些名詞包括：Althoughateenager,Fredcouldresistbeing

way,method,reason,time,place,chance,toldwhattodoandwhatnottodo.

occasion,opportunity,evidence,power,right,Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunity

movement,drive(運動)，effort等。如：tostudyabroadtwoyearsago.

Iworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthat

Ihardlyhadtimetocatchthelastbus.2.動名詞做介詞短語

Weappreciateyoureffortstobringabouta考生尤其要識別下列短語中的to是介詞，不是不定

comprehensivesolutiontotheexistingproblem.式符號：

(5)不定代詞something,nothing,little,much,aobjectto,resortto,reactto,contributeto,

lot習慣上用不定式做定語。如：lookforwardto,beaccustomedto,beconunitted

Thoughwehavemadegreatprogress,thereisto,beexposedto,besubjectedto,bedevoted

stillmuchtobeimproved.to,bededicatedto,beopposedto,bereconciled

to,becontraryto,be(get)usedto,comeclose

4.不定式做狀語to,getdownto,giveoneselfupto,prefer*^to,

不定式做狀語主要表示目的、程度、結果、方式。seeto,setto,taketo,inadditionto,with

(1)inorderto(do),soasto(do)結構引導目的狀regardto,withaviewto,onthewayto。如：

語，soasto不能置于句首。如：TherewasnosignthatMr.Jospin,whokeepsa

Tosucceedinascientificresearchproject,onefirmcontrolonthepartydespitehaving

needstobepersistent.resignedfromleadershipofit,wouldintervene

Iadvisethemtowithdrawsoasnottogetpersonally.

Ourmoderncivilizationmustnotbethoughtofdeceased,departed,elapsed,faded,fallen,

ashavingbeencreatedinashortperiodoftime.gone,grown-up,retired,returned,risen,set,

Nowhereinnatureisaluminumfoundfree,owingvanished,much-traveiled,newlyarrived,

toitsalwaysbeingcombinedwithotherelements,recentlycome。如：

mostcommonlywithoxygen.anescapedprisoner一個逃犯

Asthechildrenbecomefinanciallyindependentaretiredworker一位退休工人

ofthefamily,theemphasisonfamilyfinancialafadedcurtain一個褪了色的窗簾

securitywillshiftfromprotectiontosavinganewlyarrivedstudent一個新來的學生

fortheretirementyears.

Everyonewithhalfaneyeontheunemployment2.分詞做狀語，注意區(qū)分分詞的一般式與完成式

figuresknewthattheassertionabouteconomic(1)表示時間，多置于句首，注意如果分詞表示的動

recoverybeingjustaroundthecornerwasuntrue.作的時間先于謂語動詞，要用完成式。如：

Havingcompletedonetask,westartedonanother

四、分詞one.

分詞起形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中做定語或狀語。(complete先于start之前發(fā)生)

在概念上考生應清楚：(2)表示原因，置于句首句尾均可，根據(jù)情況有時要

?現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，表示動作在進行。用完成式，有時用一般式。如：

?過去分詞表示被動，表示動作結束了的狀態(tài)或結Hewasn'taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipof

果。thesociety,beingconsideredinsufficiently

popularwithallmembers.

L分詞做定語，弄清現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer,

分詞短語做定語相當于省略了的定語從句，考生應學havingbeendesertedinthetropicalforest,

握：wouldfindhiswaythroughit.

(B現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞之間具有主動意義。如：(3)表示伴隨、方式，置于句尾，用分詞的一般式。

It'seasytoblamethedeclineofconversation如：

onthepaceofmodernlifeandonthevagueHelenborrowedmydictionarytheotherday

changestakingplaceinourever-increasingsayingthatshewouldreturnitsoon.

world.(相當于thechangeswhichtakeplace...)Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,

Therewasaveryinterestingremarkinabookbycompletelylosttotheoutsideworld.

anEnglishmanthatIreadrecentlygivingwhat(4)表示結果，置于句尾，用分詞的一般式。如：

hethoughtwasareasonforthisAmericanThecityfounditselfinacrisissituationlast

characteristic.(相當于whichgave...)summerwhentheairconditioningondozensofthe

Howmanyofusattending,say,ameetingthatisnewbusesbrokedown,themunusable.

irrelevanttouswouldbeinterestedinthe(5)表示補充說明(同位)，置于句尾，用分詞的一般

discussion?(相當于Howmanyofuswhowill式。如：

attend...)Thearticleopensandcloseswithdescriptions

(2)過去分詞與被修飾詞之間具有被動意義。如：oftwonewsreports,eachmakingonemajorpoint

Goodnewswassometimesreleasedprematurely,incontrastwiththeother.

withtheBritishrecaptureoftheportannouncedFordtrieddividingthelabor,eachworker

halfadaybeforethedefendersactuallyassignedaseparatetask.

surrendered.

(相當于…recaptureoftheportwhichhadbeen3.分詞的獨立主格結構

announced*-)分詞的邏輯主語一般為句子的主語，否則分詞短語要

Justasthevalueofatelephonenetwork有自己的邏輯主語，稱為分詞獨立主格結構。分詞獨

increaseswitheachnewphoneaddedtothesystem,立主格結構只是句子的一個部分，但在翻譯時經(jīng)常譯

sodoesthevalueofacomputersystemincrease成獨立的句子，考生要注意英漢兩種語言在結構上的

witheachprogramthatturnsout.區(qū)別。如：

(相當于…eachnewphonewhichisaddedto…)Allflightshavingbeencanceledbecauseofthe

snowstorm,wedecidedtotakethetrain.

Theauthorgaveadetaileddescriptionbasedon

Darknesssettingin,theyoungcouple1ingered

hispersonalobservationofnature.

onmerrymaking.

(相當于…descriptionwhichwasbasedon-)

⑶下列不及物動詞也以過去分詞形式做定語或表

4.分詞做表語和補語，尤應注意由使役動詞變來的分

語，但不具有被動意義：

詞的形式

（1）現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語或賓語的特征，多以事物做（邏good/great/wonderfultimedoingsth.

輯）主語。如：spend/wastetimedoingsth.Thereisno

Hisvictoryinthefinalwasnomoreconvincingpoint/sense/harm/usedoingsth.

thanIhadexpected.cannothelpdoingsth.Thereisnodoingsth.

⑵過去分詞表示主語或賓語所處的狀態(tài)或?qū)δ呈碌腎knowitisn'timportantbutIcan'thelp

心理反應和感受，多以人做（邏輯）主語。如：thinkingaboutit.

Thesestudentsarequickatlearning.We,11Alicewashavingtroublecontrollingthe

havethemtrainedinnewmethods.childrenbecausethereweresomanyofthem.

Peoplecannotbutfeelpuzzled.FortheysimplyThereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.

cannotunderstandhowhecouldhavemadesucha

stupidmistake.4.therebe非謂語動詞的用法

（1）做賓語時取決于謂語動詞的持續(xù)要求。如：

五、非謂語動詞的其他考點Thestudentsexpectedtheretobemorereviewing

1.接不定式或動名詞做賓語都可以，但在意思上有區(qū)classesbeforethefinalexams.

別的動詞的用法（expect要求接不定式做賓語）

meantodo想要（做某事）proposetodo打算（做（2）做目的狀語或程度狀語時用fortheretobe,

某事）做其他狀語用therebeingo如：

meandoing意味（做某事）proposedoing建議（做Fortheretobesuccessfulcommunication,there

某事）mustbeattentivenessandinvolvementinthe

forgettodo忘記（要做的事）remembertododiscussionitselfbyallpresent.

記得（要做某事）（fortheretobe…在句中做目的狀語）

forgetdbi?貼忘記（已做的事）rememberdoing記Itisn'tcoldenoughfortheretobeafrost

得（已做過的事）tonight,soIcanleaveJim'scaroutquite

goontocfo繼而（做另一件事）stoptoA停下來safely.

去做另一件事（fortheretobe…在句中做程度狀語）

goon由力?g繼續(xù)（做原來的事）stopdoing停止Therebeingnofurtherquestions,we'11stop

正在做的事heretoday.

regrettodo｛對將要做的事）遺憾regret（therebeing…做原因狀語）

do立g制已做過的事）后悔（3）引導主語用fortheretobe。如:

如：Itisunusualfortheretobenolatecomerstoday.

Mr.Jankinregrettedhavingblamedhissecretary（4）做除for外的介詞賓語，用therebeingo如：

forthemistake,forhelaterdiscovereditwasHewouldalwaysignorethefactoftherebeing

hisownfault.suchacontradictioninhisinnerthought.

Theboyisconstantlybeingtoldnottoscratch

thepaintoffthewall,buthegoesondoingit六、虛擬語氣

allthesame.

1.主從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)

2.不定式的習慣用法（1）掌握主從句謂語動詞的規(guī)范搭配：

句型：cannothelpbutdocannotbutdo

主句

cannotchoosebutdocandonothingbutdo從句

havenochoice/alternativebuttodo與現(xiàn)在事實相would/情態(tài)動詞過were（不分人

上述句型的意思接近，即“不得不做”、“不禁做”、反去式+do稱）/did

“不由自主地做”、“不能不做”、“只能做二其共同與過去事實相would/情態(tài)動詞過

haddone

的特點是都有一個否定詞和but。如：反去式+havedone

Nobodycanhelpbutbefascinatedbytheworld與將來事實相would/情態(tài)動詞過

shoulddo

intowhichheistakenbythescience反去式+do

fiction.WhenIconsiderhowtalentedheisasa如:

painter,IcannothelpbutbelievethattheIfthedoctorhadbeenavailable,thechildcould

publicwillappreciatehisgift.nothavedied.

Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimals

3.動名詞的習慣用法couldbefrightened,shouldtherebeasudden

句型：bebusy/activedoingsth.haveloudnoise.

difficulty/trouble/problemdoingsth.（2）區(qū)分主從句表示的不同時間概念：

It'snogood/use/picnicdoingsth.havea

主從句謂語動詞所指時間不同，這叫做錯綜時間條件JohnWagnerysmostenduringcontributiontothe

句，動詞形式應根據(jù)實際情況來調(diào)整。如：studyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistence

Haditnotbeenforthetimelyinvestmentfromthatitbeanalyzedinareligious,aswellas

thegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesoworldly,frameofreference.

thrivingasitis.Theykeeptellingusitisofutmostimportance

(主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句與過去事實相反)thatourrepresentativebesenttothe

HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastconferenceonschedule.

election,hewouldbeourchairmannow.

(主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句與過去事實相反)3.含蓄虛擬條件句的謂語動詞形式

(3)識別事實和假設混合句：含蓄虛擬語氣是指假設條件不通過if從句表達，而

Yourmathinstructorwouldhavebeenhappyto是暗含在其他結構中?？忌鷳煜ぃ?/p>

giveyouamake-upexaminationhadyougoneand⑴連詞but,butthat,or,orelse；副詞otherwise,

explainedthatyourparentswereillatthetime.unfortunately等表示轉(zhuǎn)折假設。如：

(句子前半部分為假設情況，而“父母病了”是事實)Asafetyanalysiswouldhaveidentifiedthe

targetasapotentialdanger.Unfortunately,it

Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalwasneverdone.

haditbeenatallpossible,butIwasfullyVictorobviouslydoesn,tknowwhat,shappened;

occupiedthewholeoflastweek.