高考總復(fù)習(xí)英語外研通用版教師用書選修8MODULE3FOREIGNFOOD

1．owev． 應(yīng)給予2．consequencen. 后果3．transformv. 轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)變4．poisonn．毒藥v.下毒，使中毒→poisonousadj.有毒的5．tasten．味道；品味，愛好v．嘗，體會→tastyadj.美味可口的→tastelessadj.無滋味的6．mannern．方式；方法→mannersn．行為；禮貌7．requirementn．要求→requirevt.要求；需要8．remarkv．談到；說起→remarkableadj.顯著的，異常的，非凡的，值得注意的9．consumev．(正式)吃；喝；消耗；消費→consumern．消費者10．gradualadj.逐漸的；逐步的→graduallyadv.逐漸地；逐步地11．customern．顧客→customsn．海關(guān)；關(guān)稅→customn．風(fēng)俗，習(xí)慣12．chewv. 咀嚼13．trendn. 趨勢，趨向14．rawadj. 生的15．a(chǎn)rtificialadj. 人造的；人工的16．fragrantadj. 香的，芳香的17．complimentn. 贊美18．a(chǎn)bundantadj. 豐富的；充裕的19．ripeadj. (水果或莊稼)成熟的20．a(chǎn)ltogetheradv. 總的說來；總而言之21．a(chǎn)mpleadj. 充足的；充裕的22．patternn. 圖案23．overheadadv. 在頭頂上；在空中[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空]1．Hemadegradualprogressinhisstudyandgraduallyhebecameapopularstudent.(gradual)2．Themushroomscontainpoisonandmanypeoplewerepoisonedbecausetheyhadeatenthepoisonousmushrooms.(poison)3．Sheoftengreetsmeinafriendlymanner，soIthinksheisapersonwithgoodmanners．(manner)4．Allthestudentsarerequiredtotakeanexamaftertakingthecourseandanyonewhofailstomeettherequirementswillfail.(require)5．Ittookthecustomeronlyafewminutestogetthroughthecustoms．AfterhearrivesinAmerica，heshouldfollowtheircustoms．(custom)1．no__wonder 難怪2．end__up 結(jié)束3．make__out 看出；理解4．have...in__common 與……有共同點5．in__short 總之；簡言之6．set__fire__to 放火燒……7．be__popular__with 受歡迎8．go__against 違反，違背[選用以上短語填空]1．(2018·廈門質(zhì)檢)Hehasbeenworkingsohard.No__wonderhecouldanswersuchadifficultquestion.2．Shedidn’trecognizethemanwhohitherbecauseshecouldonlymake__outadarkfiguremovingtowardsher.3．Alwayssurroundedbyhonors,praisesandgifts,youngkidsnowadaysareeasytosufferpsychologicalproblemswhenthingsgo__againstthem.4．Jackisgood,kind,hard-workingandintelligent.In__short,__Ican’tspeaktoohighlyofhim.5．Ingeneral,thetwoscientists’methodshavemuchin__common,__buttheresultsarequitedifferent.eq\a\vs4\al()前“因”后“果”名詞小結(jié)①reason 理由②cause 原因③result 結(jié)果④consequence 后果⑤outcome 結(jié)果；結(jié)局“說”之種種①remark 談到；說起②add 繼續(xù)說；補(bǔ)充說③complain 抱怨說④goon 接著說；繼續(xù)說⑤warn 警告說；提醒說⑥whisper 低聲說；私下說“v.＋against”短語大觀園①goagainst 違背，違反②fightagainst 與……斗爭③competeagainst 與……競爭④struggleagainst 與……作斗爭⑤playagainst 與……比賽1．couldnothavedone意為“(過去)不可能做某事”IhadeatenChinesefoodoften，butIcouldnothaveimaginedhowfabulousarealChinesebanquetcouldbe.2．thefirsttime引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“第一次……”ThefirsttimeIsawathree-year-oldkidcheerfullychewingachicken’sheadIhadbaddreamsforweeks.3．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who...ItseemedtobejustabowlofgreyliquidanditwasonlyafterIhadtasteditthatIknewitwasactuallycookedwithmushrooms.4．do/does/did＋動詞原形，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)ButonethingIdoadmireisthepolitemannerinwhichBritishpeopleeat，evenifitisjustapotato.[句式仿寫]1．他不可能離開了這兒，因為他的大衣還在這兒。Hecould__not__have__left__herebecausehiscoatisstillhere.2．第一次見到湯姆時，他正在英語角與一些學(xué)生交談。The__first__time__I__saw__Tom,__hewastalkingtosomestudentsattheEnglishCorner.3．直到我回來以后，我才聽說他已經(jīng)動身去北京了。It__was__only__after__I__came__back__thatIheardthathehadleftforBeijing.4．我們政府的確需要采取一些措施來降低房價。Ourgovernmentdoes__needtotakesomemeasurestoreducethehousingprice.owevi.欠錢vt.欠(債等)；歸功于；應(yīng)感謝[佳句背誦]HowmuchdoIoweyouforlunch?吃午飯我欠你多少錢？(牛津詞典)Thanksforstickingupforme——Ioweyouafavour.謝謝你支持我，我欠你一個人情。[考點對接]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Theseearlysettlersowedtheirsurvivaltohardworkanddeterminationtosucceed.②(上海卷)Owing(owe)tobadweather,theflightwasdelayedforacoupleofhours.③IowedtothedoctorsthatIsurvivedsuchasevereaccident.在owed后加iteq\a\vs4\al()(1)owesb.sth.＝owesb. 欠某人某物owe 把……歸功于； 為……而感謝oweittosb.that... 多虧了某人……(2)owingto 因為，由于如果owe的賓語是動詞不定式或名詞性從句，可使用it作形式賓語，將充當(dāng)真正賓語的動詞不定式或名詞性從句放在句尾。[能力提升]——完成句子他將自己的個人成功更多地歸功于多年的努力工作而不是運(yùn)氣。Heowed__his__personal__success__more__to__his__years__of__hard__work__than__tohisgoodluck.remarkn．評論；談?wù)搗．評論；說起；談到[佳句背誦](朗文辭典)Shecouldheartheothergirlsmakingruderemarksabouther.她可以聽見其他女孩在說她的壞話。Tomlefttheofficehurriedly,remarkingthathehadsomeworktodo.湯姆匆匆忙忙地離開了辦公室，說他還有事情要做。[考點對接]——單句語法填空①Heremarkedon/uponhistriptoGermany,sayingthatitwasanunforgettableexperience.②PresidentXiJinpingmadearemarkablespeechonthe19thCPCNationalCongress.HisremarksinspiredalltheChinesepeople.(remark)eq\a\vs4\al()(1)remarkon/upon 就……發(fā)表意見/評論remarkthat... 談到；說起(2)makearemarkon/about 就……發(fā)表意見；對……評頭論足(3)remarkableadj. 值得注意的；顯著的；非凡的[能力提升]——一句多譯對別人的相貌評頭論足是沒有禮貌的。①It’s__impolite__to__make__a__remark__on/abouttheappearanceofothers.(remarkn．)②It’s__impolite__to__remark__on/upontheappearanceofothers.(remarkv．)consequencen．結(jié)果，后果；重要性[佳句背誦](朗文辭典)Manypeoplebelievethatpovertyisadirectconsequenceofoverpopulation.許多人認(rèn)為貧困是人口過多的直接后果。(朗文辭典)Hebrokethelaw,andnowhemustfacetheconsequencesofhisaction.他觸犯了法律，現(xiàn)在必須承擔(dān)自己的行為帶來的后果。[考點對接]——單句語法填空①Manyhousesweredestroyedinthestrongtyphoon;asaconsequence,temporaryshelterswereingreatneed.②Asaconsequenceofhisillness,hecouldn’tgotoschool.Consequently,hefellbehindhisclassmates.eq\a\vs4\al()asaconsequence＝asaresult 因此，所以asaconsequenceof＝asaresultof 由于；因為……的緣故beoflittle/noconsequence 不重要的；無足輕重的answerfortheconsequence 對后果負(fù)責(zé)take/facetheconsequencesofsth. 承擔(dān)……的后果[能力提升1]——詞匯升級(普通表達(dá))Don’tworry.Whereheisfromisnotimportanttome.(高級表達(dá))Don’tworry.Whereheisfromisof__no__consequence/importancetome.[能力提升2]——一句多譯由于缺乏支持，這個計劃失敗了，這讓我很傷心。①As__a__consequence__oflackofsupport,theplanbrokedown,whichmademeupset.②Theplanlackedsupport.As__a__consequence,__itbrokedown,whichmademeupset.transformvt.改變，改造；使改觀，使轉(zhuǎn)化[佳句背誦](牛津詞典)Itwasaneventthatwouldtransformmylife.那是能夠改變我一生的一件事。Withtheseyears’development,Chinawillbetransformedintoanadvancedindustrialcountry.經(jīng)過這些年的發(fā)展，中國將變成一個先進(jìn)的工業(yè)強(qiáng)國。[考點對接]——單句語法填空①Itisasurprisethatthecityhasbeentransformedfromasmalltownto/intoamodernindustrialcenterinrecenttenyears.②Thepasttenyearshaswitnessedacompletetransformation(transform)ofourcountry.eq\a\vs4\al()(1)o... 把……改變成……transformfrom...to/into... 從……中轉(zhuǎn)變……(2)transformationn. 轉(zhuǎn)化；改變前綴trans-有兩種意義：(1)表示“進(jìn)入(另一地方)，成為(另一狀態(tài))”。如：transfervt.轉(zhuǎn)移；遷移；transmitvt.傳播；傳輸；transportvt.運(yùn)輸；傳送；transplant移植(器官等)；translate翻譯。另一種表示“超越，橫穿，通過”。如：transnational跨國的；transcontinental橫穿大陸的。[能力提升]——句式升級(普通表達(dá))I’mfullyawarethattheexperiencefrommylifeabroadhastotallytransformedme.(高級表達(dá))I’mfullyawarethatit’s__the__experience__from__my__life__abroad__that__has__totally__transformed__me．(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)makeout理解；辨認(rèn)出；填寫[佳句背誦](牛津詞典)IcouldhearvoicesbutIcouldn’tmakeoutwhattheyweresaying.我能聽到說話的聲音，卻聽不清他們在說什么。Annahasalwaysmadeoutthatshecomesfromarichfamily,butitisn’ttrue.安娜總是假稱她來自富人家庭，但那不是真的。[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中makeout的含義①(安徽卷)Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit’sdifficulttomakeoutwhatitisheistryingtoexpress.理解，__明白②(山東卷)Icouldbarelymakeoutthestageinthedarkness.辨認(rèn)出③Shemadeoutacheckandhandedittome.填寫eq\a\vs4\al()makeup 化妝；構(gòu)成；編造；和好makeupfor 彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償makesense 有意義；能理解makesenseof 理解；明白makeuseof 利用makethemost/bestof 充分利用makeit 成功；準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)，趕上與makeout經(jīng)?；煜亩陶Z：findout弄清楚，查明白；workout算出；弄懂；想出；解決；產(chǎn)生結(jié)果。[能力提升]——完成句子①(天津卷)在一些語言中，100個詞構(gòu)成了日常對話使用的所有詞匯的一半。Insomelanguages,100wordsmake__up__half__of__all__wordsusedindailyconversations.②(山東卷)只要你有夢想，不斷努力就一定會成功。Aslongasyouhaveadream,keep__trying__and__you’ll__make__it．(教材佳句)ButonethingIdoadmireisthepolitemannerinwhichBritishpeopleeat，evenifitisjustapotato.但是讓我非常佩服的是英國人吃飯的舉止，哪怕僅僅是一個土豆，他們也會吃得斯斯文文。eq\a\vs4\al()句中Idoadmire是一個省略了關(guān)系詞的定語從句，修飾onething，句中謂語動詞admire前加了do表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。①Forthehappinessofyourfamily,doobeytrafficrules.為了您的家庭幸福，請務(wù)必遵守交通規(guī)則。②Hedidcomeyesterdaybutsoonwentbackbecauseofanimportantmeeting.他昨天的確來了，但因為一個很重要的會議他很快就回去了。[考點對接]——單句改錯①Doeswritetouswhenyougetthereincaseweworryaboutyou.Does→Do②ShedidtoldmeaboutheraddressbutIforgotallaboutit.told→telleq\a\vs4\al()(1)“do/does/did＋動詞原形”構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句，意為“確實；的確”，用來加強(qiáng)謂語動詞的語氣，但須符合兩個條件：句子是肯定句；句子的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時。(2)若強(qiáng)調(diào)主語、賓語、表語、狀語等，則應(yīng)用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who引導(dǎo)的從句。(3)在疑問句或否定句中，可用intheworld,onearth,atall等介詞短語表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，常翻譯成“到底，究竟”或“根本(不)，一點也(不)”。[能力提升]——句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Shelikeslisteningtopopsongs.(強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞)→She__does__like__listening__to__pop__songs.②Jackdidn’tunderstandwhyshewasangrywithhimuntilhismothertoldhimeverything.(強(qiáng)調(diào)加黑部分)→It__was__not__until__his__mother__told__him__everything__that__Jack__understood__why__she__was__angry__with__him.③Whenwillourschoolholdthesportsmeeting?(用onearth強(qiáng)調(diào))→When__on__earth__will__our__school__hold__the__sports__meeting?eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．Manyfactoriesandbanksinsomecountriescloseddownasadirectconsequenceofthewar.2．Whensheisputinasituationwhereshehastomakearemarkon/aboutothers,sheusuallychangesthetopic.3．Somethingmustbedonetopreventfactoriessendingoutpoisonous(poison)gasessoastokeepthecityfrombeingpolluted.4．(2016·浙江卷6月)Thatyoungmanishonest,cooperative,alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.Inshort,he’sreliable.5．(2018·安徽省級名校聯(lián)考)Therearesomanygreentreesandbeautifulflowerseverywhere.Itisnowonderthattheairhereissofresh.6．Foodstasting(taste)good，likemilkandcookies，arecalledcomfortfoodsbecausetheymakeyoufeelbetter.7．TheideapuzzledmesomuchthatIstoppedforafewsecondstotrytomakeitout．8．Undergivenconditions,theharmfulcanbe__transformed(transform)intothebeneficial.9．Weweregoingtogoout,butendedupwatching(watch)TVathomebecauseoftherain.10．Theyoungmansettingfiretothehousewascaughtonthescene.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單句改錯1．(2018·湖南省重點中學(xué)聯(lián)考)Whenwedoesmakeamistake,wemustcorrectitfully,openly,andasquicklyaspossible.does→do2．Heowestohisdoctor’scarethatheisquitewellagain.owes后加it3．ThefirsttimewhenImethim,hewasworkingasasecretaryinabigcompany.去掉when4．Itwerethreebooksthattheyboughtthedaybeforeyesterday.were→was5．Wemusthavecometotheparty,butwewerecaughtinthetrafficjam.must→couldeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)單元語法(復(fù)習(xí)定語和定語從句)1．(2018·江西宜春四校聯(lián)考)Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriends,whereweenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.2．(2018·湖南懷化一模)Afteraboutanhour’sdrive,wereachedthesmalltownwhereIwasbroughtup,andwhichislocatedatthefootofthemountain.3．(2018·江蘇啟東中學(xué)月考)Thosehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.4．(2018·湖北重點中學(xué)協(xié)作體聯(lián)考)Caoisadeeplycommittedwriter,whosedifficultchildhoodhasagreatinfluenceonhiswriting.5．(2018·重慶南開中學(xué)月考)However,bythe1940swhenelectricitywasavailabletopeopleinalmostallareasoftheUnitedStates,windmillswererarelyused.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)教材與語法填空根據(jù)教材課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。IthinkthatChinesepeoplearesometimes1.obsessed(obsess)withfood.ArealChinesebanquetcouldbeveryfabulous.Thefirstsixorsevendishesseemed2.to__fill(fill)thetable，withplatesdangerously3.balanced(balance)oneontopofanother.4.Surprisingly(surprising),moredishesarrived.Anotheraspectof“foodculture”is5.thattheChineseseemtoeatalmosteverypartofeveryanimal.Britishpeoplelikecoldfood,6.whileinChina，coldfoodmeanspoverty—youdon’tgiveittoaguest！IalsolearnedthattheEnglishliketomixfood7.beforeservingitatthetable.Thefoodhere8.goes(go)againsttheChinesesenseofbeautyandstyleatthedinnertable.Chinesedishescan9.be__photographed(photograph)andhaveanice10.appearance(appear)．eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)教材與話題寫作(Ⅰ)用本單元所學(xué)知識完成下列句子。1．瑪麗和大多數(shù)女孩有共同點，即非常喜歡甜食。(have...incommon;dessert)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Maryhassomethingincommonwithmostgirls—shelikesdessertverymuch.2．甜食富含糖類，而糖可以轉(zhuǎn)化成脂肪，難怪瑪麗會如此胖。(abundant;transform;nowonder)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Dessertisabundantinsugar,whilesugarcanbetransformedintofat.NowonderMaryissofat.3．營養(yǎng)專家說，甜食不但能使人發(fā)胖而且還能引起其他嚴(yán)重的后果。(remark;consequence)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Nutritionexpertsremarkthatdessertcannotonlymakepeoplefatbutalsobringaboutotherseriousconsequences.4．所以我們在招待客人時，也要減少甜食的量。(entertain;guest)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whenweentertainguests,weshouldreducetheamountofsweets.5．總之，為了身體健康，我們要平衡飲食，加強(qiáng)鍛煉。(inshort)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Inshort,inordertohaveahealthybody,weshouldeatabalanceddietandtakemoreexercise.(Ⅱ)將以上句子連成短文，要求銜接連貫、過渡自然。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)下面是李華的一篇作文，文中有五處錯誤，改正錯誤并背誦該文。Maryhassomethingincommontomostgirls—shelikesdessertverymuch.Dessertisabundantinsugar,whilesugarcantransformedintofat.NowonderwhyMaryissofat.Nutritionexpertsremarkthatdessertcannotonlymakepeoplefatbutalsobringaboutotherseriousconsequences.Sowhenweentertainguests,weshouldreducetheamountofsweets.Inshort,inordertohaveahealthbody,weshouldeatabalanceddietandtakemoreexercises.答案：Maryhassomethingincommoneq\f(to,with)mostgirls—shelikesdessertverymuch.Dessertisabundantinsugar,whilesugarcaneq\o(\s\up7(∧,be))transformedintofat.Nowondereq\o(why,\s\up0(＼))Maryissofat.Nutritionexpertsremarkthatdessertcannotonlymakepeoplefatbutalsobringaboutotherseriousconsequences.Sowhenweentertainguests,weshouldreducetheamountofsweets.Inshort,inordertohaveaeq\f(health,healthy)body,weshouldeatabalanceddietandtakemoreeq\f(exercises,exercise).eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解A(2018·濟(jì)南高三針對性訓(xùn)練)ThemodernpizzawasoriginallyinventedinNaples，Italy，butthewordpizzaisGreekinorigin，derivedfromtheGreekwordpēktosmeaningsolidorancientGreekscoveredtheirbreadwithoils，herbsandchfirstmajorinnovationthatledtoflatbreadpizzawastheuseoftomatoasawascommonforthepooroftheareaaroundNaplestoaddtomatoestotheiryeast－basedflatbread，andsothepizzabegan.Whileitisdifficulttosayforsurewhoinventedthepizza，itishoweverbelievedthatmodernpizzawasfirstmadebybakerRaffaeleEspositooffact，apopularurbanlegendholdsthatthearchetypal(原型的)pizza，PizzaMargherita，wasinventedin1890，whentheRoyalPalaceofCapodimonteaskedtheNeapolitanpizzaioloRaffaeleEspositotocreateapizzainhonorofthevisitingQueenthethreedifferentpizzashecreated，theQueenstronglypreferredapiewrappedinthecolorsoftheItalianflag：red(tomato)，green(basil)，andwhite(mozzarella)．Supposedly，thiskindofpizzawasthennamedaftertheQueenasPizzaMargherita.Later，thedishhasbecomepopularinmanypartsoftheworld：·Thefirstpizzeria，AnticaPizzeriaPort’Alba，wasopenedin1830inNaples.·InNorthAmerica，thefirstpizzeriawasopenedin1905byGennaroLombardiat53SpringStreetinNewYorkCity.·ThefirstPizzaHut，thechainofpizzarestaurantsappearedintheUnitedStatesin1958.·Nowadays，manyvarietiesofpizzaexistworldwide，alongwithseveraldishvariantsbaseduponpizza.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了比薩的歷史起源。1．What’smainlytalkedaboutinthetext?A．Waysofmakingpizza.B．Thehistoryofpizza.C．Varietiesofpizza.D．Storiesaboutpizza.B解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“ThemodernpizzawasoriginallyinventedinNaples，Italy，butthewordpizzaisGreekinorigin”以及文章的整體內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了比薩的歷史起源。2．Whatcanreplacetheunderlinedword“derived”inParagraph1?A．Separated. B．Adapted.C．Originated. D．Transformed.C解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段的“ThemodernpizzawasoriginallyinventedinNaples，Italy”可知，此處說的是比薩起源于希臘單詞“pēktos”，故畫線詞意為“發(fā)源，開始”，故選C。3．Howwaspizzafirststarted?A．AncientGreekscoveredtheirbreadwithoils，herbsandcheese.B．PeopleinNaplesaddedtomatoestotheirbreadasatopping.C．RaffaeleEspositowrappedapieinthecolorsoftheItalianflag.D．QueenMargheritaawardedhernametopizzaintheRoyalPalace.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知，那不勒斯人先在面包上用西紅柿作為配料，由此開創(chuàng)了比薩這種食品，故選B。4．Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A．Pizzaremainspopulararoundtheworld.B．ThefirstPizzaHutwasopenedinNaples.C．Thetasteofpizzastaysthesameovertime.D．GennaroLombardiwasthefirsttomakepizza.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的“Later，thedishhasbecomepopularinmanypartsoftheworld”和“Nowadays，manyvarietiesofpizzaexistworldwide，alongwithseveraldishvariantsbaseduponpizza.”可知，比薩現(xiàn)在在全世界依然很受歡迎，故選A。B(2018·遼寧大連雙基測試)Wheneverweseeabutton,wewanttopressitbecauseweknowthatsomethingwillistrueinmostcases,forexample,onadoosomebuttonsareactuallyfake(假的),likethe“close”buttononalift.Manypeopleareinthehabitofpressingthe“close”buttonbecausetheydon’thavethepatiencetolifts’“close”buttonsareacompletetrick,atleastintheU．S.—thedoorswillnotcloseanyfasternomatterhowhardyoupress.Itstartedinthe1990swhentheAmericanswithDisabilitiesActwaspassedintheU．S.,makingsurethatallliftsstayedopenlongenoughsothatpeoplewithdisabilitiescouldentersafelrepairworkerscanusethebuttonstospeedupthedoorclosingprocessiftheyhavespecialkeys.Buttonormalliftriders,thebuttonsaren’tcompletelytopsychologists,fakebuttonscanactuallymakeyoufeelbetterbyofferingyouasenseofcontrol.“Asenseofcontrolisveryreducesstressandincreaseswell-being，”saidEllenJ．Langer,apsychologyprofessoratHarvardalsoaddedthatalotofbuttonsthatdon’tdoanythingexistinourlivesforthissamepurpose.Forexample,pedestriancrosswalkbuttonsdon’tliveuptotheirnamesthemusedtohelpmakethetrafficsignalschangefaster,butthatwasbeforecomputer-controlledtrafficsignalswereintroduced.Butpsychologistsfounditinterestingthatevenwhenpeopleareawareoftheselittle“whitelies”，theystillcontinuetopushfakebuttonsbecauseaslongasthedoorseventuallyclose,itisconsideredtobeworththeeffort.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了我們平時生活中所見到的按鈕可能是不起作用的。5．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Todescribedifferentfakebuttons.B．Toexplorethefunctionsoffakebuttons.C．Toanalyzevarioushabitsofpushingbuttons.D．Toexplainthedisadvantagesoffakebuttons.B解析：寫作意圖題。通讀整篇文章可知，作者通過舉例子介紹了不同地點的虛假按鈕，其目的是探求這些虛假按鈕的功能。故選B。6．Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“close”buttonsonaliftinAmerica?A．Theyworkwhenpeoplepressthemhard.B．Theyweredesignedforasenseofcontrol.C．Theyneverspeedupthedoor-closingprocess.D．Theytakethesafetyofthedisabledintoaccount.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的第一句可知，美國電梯里的“關(guān)閉”按鈕是為了確保殘疾人能安全地通過。故選D。7．Whatcanweinferaboutpedestriancrosswalkbuttons?A．Theycanmakepeoplefeelbetter.B．Theyhelpcomputersworkfaster.C．Theycancontrolthetrafficsignals.D．Theyhelppedestrianscrosssafely.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“fakebuttonscanactuallymakeyoufeelbetterbyofferingyouasenseofcontrol”和第六段中的“Forexample,pedestriancrosswalkbuttonsdon’tliveuptotheirnameseither.”可知，人行橫道按鈕也沒有實現(xiàn)其功能，但可以讓人們感覺好一點，故選A。8．Whichmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ButtonsintheU．S.A.B．ButtonsAlwaysLieC．ButtonsMayNotWorkD．“Close”ButtonsonLiftsC解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了有些按鈕只是形式上的，而不具備真正的實際功能。故C項“按鈕可能不起作用”最符合文章主旨。故選C。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)完形填空(2018·河北衡水中學(xué)聯(lián)考)ThatwasmyfirstballetperformanceandIwastheleadrole.Ahugeblackcurtain__1__mefromthecrowd.Myheartracedsorapidlythatitwould__2__outofmychest.Arushof__3__shotthroughmybodywhenthemusicbeganandItookmy__4__atthecenterofthestage.IpushedoffthefloorashardasIcouldand__5__intotheair.ThenIstartedtocome__6__formylanding,preparingtojumpagain,andyetmyfoot__7__.Ifell,face-first.ForamomentIcouldn’t__8__，wonderingifIshouldgoon.__9__，trainedforthousandsofhoursfortwelveyears,mymusclesignoredthe__10__ofmymindandI__11__myselfbackonmyfeet.Ifinishedthepartandleftthestage.Bendingoveratable,Itriedto__12__tears.Ididn’twanttogobacktofinishthelasttwentyminutes.Ididn’t__13__theleadrole.Thencamemyteacher.“The__14__thingonstageistofall.You’vegottenit,sowhat’sleftto__15__？Justgoandgiveitall.”Herwords__16__me.Minuteslater,Iwentbackonstageandcompletelyletgoof__17__．Ijustdanced,lettingthemusicguidemethroughthemovement.Now,asaPrincipalDancer,Ioftenthinkaboutthatperformance.Wefallwhenwetryourhardest.Thereisno__18__，onlypride.Fallingis__19__andsometimesitiseasierjusttostayonthe__20__．Butifwenevergetup，wewillneverexperiencewhatitisliketofly.【解題導(dǎo)語】作者通過講述自己第一次芭蕾舞演出的經(jīng)歷告訴我們，當(dāng)我們盡了最大的努力，即使跌倒了，也不是恥辱，而是驕傲。如果我們跌倒了再也不爬起來，我們就永遠(yuǎn)不會體驗到飛翔的感覺。1． B．hidC．protected D．droveB解析：演出還沒有開始，巨大的幕布把作者藏在后面，與觀眾隔開。cover意為“覆蓋”；hide意為“隱藏”；protect意為“保護(hù)”；drive意為“驅(qū)趕；駕駛”。故選B項。2． B．dropC．run D．shoutA解析：此處描寫作者緊張激動的心情：作者的心跳得很快，幾乎要跳出胸膛。選項中只有beat有表