高一年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)講解及強(qiáng)化復(fù)習(xí)攻略

高一年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)講解及強(qiáng)化復(fù)習(xí)攻略【語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)講解】一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在（說(shuō)話瞬間）正在進(jìn)展或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。［例句］Heisreadinganewspapernow.表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作（說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作不肯定正在進(jìn)展）。［例句］Whatareyoudoingthesedays?表示說(shuō)話人現(xiàn)在對(duì)主語(yǔ)的行為表示贊美或厭惡等,常與always,constantly,continually等副詞連用。［例句］Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.表示在最近按打算或安排要進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作。常限于go,come,leave,start,arrive等表“移動(dòng)”“方向"的詞。［例句］Heiscomingtoseemenextweek.二、過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作。［例句］HewassleepingwhenMarycametoseehim.動(dòng)詞go,come,leave,arrive,start等的過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)常表過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。［例句］ShesaidshewasgoingtoBeijingthedayaftertomorrow.三、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣或常常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與usually,always,sometimes,often,everyday/week/month/year等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。［例句］Heoftendoeshishomeworkinhisstudy.表示主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在的特征、性格和狀態(tài)。［例句］Thedictionarybelongstome.表示客觀規(guī)律或科學(xué)真理、格言,以及其他不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在。［例句］Themoongoesaroundthesun.在有連詞if,unless,before,assoonas,when,once,however等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。［例句］Ifyouworkhard,youwon'tfailintheexam.四、一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。［例句］Idon'tknowwhatwillhappeninthefuture.常用來(lái)表示將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)造包括：shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形：(單純)表將來(lái),一般不用于條件句。begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形：(打算)準(zhǔn)備做。beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形：馬上或剛要去做某事,通常不與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,但可與when引導(dǎo)的從句連用。beto+動(dòng)詞原形：預(yù)定要做。bedoing表示按打算、安排馬上發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與go,start,setout,leave,reach,arrive,return,come,move等表位移的動(dòng)詞連用。五、一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。［例句］Shewenttothezooyesterday.在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。［例句］Hesaidwhenshecamehewouldtellher.六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。［例句］—Haveyouhadyoursupperyet?—Yes,Ihavejusthadit.常與介詞for,during,in,within,over等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,表示過(guò)去的某一行為始終連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。［例句］Ihaven'tseenmyEnglishteacherforalongtime.表示反復(fù)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與severaltimes,once,twice,frequently等頻度副詞連用。［例句］IhavebeentotheUSAseveraltimes.表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作。［例句］Ihaven'tsweptthefloorforaweek.用在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作完成。［例句］I'lltellhimafteryouhaveleft.在“級(jí)+名詞”或在“這是第幾次…”之后跟定語(yǔ)從句，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。［例句］①ThisisthethirdtimeIhavebeenthere.ThisisthebestteaIhaveeverdrunk.七、過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻以前已經(jīng)開(kāi)頭并始終連續(xù)到這一時(shí)刻、或是在此刻前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。［例句］Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearned1,000Englishwords.有些動(dòng)詞(如：hope,think,expect,mean,intend,suppose,want等)的過(guò)去完成時(shí)可表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的盼望、準(zhǔn)備或意圖。［例句］IhadhopedtoseemoreofBeijing?動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)留意的幾點(diǎn)瞬間性動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí)常用來(lái)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。例句：Thefilmbeginsinaminute.Myuncleisleavingtomorrowmorning.在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)例句：EverytimeIlistentothatsong,I'llthinkofmyoldfriend.Ifyoudothat,Ishallbeverypleased.They'llstandbyyouevenifyoudon'tsucceed.一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)分：一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都表示過(guò)去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響、結(jié)果等，所以它不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,因而它可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：—Haveyoufinishedyourwork?—Yes,Ihave.—Whendidyoufinishit?—Ifinisheditlastsummer.?直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)應(yīng)留意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:人稱的變化時(shí)態(tài)的變化時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的變化地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的變化例句：XiaoYisaid,“Iwanttogototheparkthisafternoon.”—XiaoYisaid(that)hewantedtogototheparkthatafternoon.Bobsaid,“We'llhaveameetingheretomorrowmorning.”—Bobsaid(that)theywouldhaveameetingtherethenextmorning.?定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞只能用that和不能用that的幾種狀況：只能用that的狀況先行詞是不定代詞。例句：Pleasetellmeeverythingthathappenedtoyou.先行詞被形容詞級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或only,last,same,very等修飾。例句：①ThisisthemostinterestingmoviethatIhaveeverseen.②ThisistheonlybookthatIreadduringthesummerholiday.先行詞既包括人又包括物。例句：Shetalkedaboutthewriterandhisworksthatinterestedher.不能用that的狀況非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。例句：Hesaidhecouldspeakthreeforeignlanguages,whichisnottrue.先行詞本身是that。例句：Ihavethatwhichyougaveme.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”構(gòu)造。例句：ThepersontowhomItalkedjustnowisTom.?現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)進(jìn)展的比擬：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作還未完畢時(shí),多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí);強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí),多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例句：Ihavebeenpaintingthepaining.（強(qiáng)調(diào)“始終在畫”這個(gè)動(dòng)作）Ihavepaintedthepainting.（強(qiáng)調(diào)“畫完了”這個(gè)結(jié)果）有些動(dòng)詞不能用在現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)中，但可用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中。如：have,love,see等。例句：Shehashadacoldforaweek.Theyhavelovedeachotherforthreeyears.Ihaveseenthismovie.-ing形式：havingdonehavingdone是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中-ing形式的完成式，而doing則是其一般式，它們都與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成規(guī)律上的主謂關(guān)系，只是doing與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或根本上同時(shí)發(fā)生;havingdone則表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。［例句］Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.（hear和getexcited這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生）Havingarrivedatthetopofmountain,theytookarest.（arrive發(fā)生在takearest之前）動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式和不定式有些動(dòng)詞后既可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式也可接todo形式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義有所不同。［例如］forget/remember/regretdoingsth.表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生；forget/remember/regrettodosth.則表示該動(dòng)作未發(fā)生。meantodosth.表示“準(zhǔn)備做某事”；meandoingsth.表示“意味著做某事”。trytodosth.表示“設(shè)法盡力做某事”；trydoingsth.表示“試著做某事”。stoptodosth.表示“停下來(lái)接著做另一件事”；stopdoingsth.表示“停頓做某事”。goontodosth.表示“（做完某事）接著做另一件事”；goondoingsth.表示“連續(xù)做同一件事”（=goonwithsth.）。can'thelptodosth.表示“不能幫忙做某事”；can'thelpdoingsth.表示“情不自禁地做某事”。have/hasbeendoinghave/hasbeendoing是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)的構(gòu)成，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)過(guò)程，動(dòng)作可能還在進(jìn)展。而have/hasdone是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，該動(dòng)作通常已經(jīng)完畢。［例句］Ihavewrittenabook.（動(dòng)作完畢）Ihavebeenwritingabook.（可能未寫完，側(cè)重最近始終忙于寫書）一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在（說(shuō)話瞬間）正在進(jìn)展或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。［例句］Heisreadinganewspapernow.表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作（說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作不肯定正在進(jìn)展）。［例句］Whatareyoudoingthesedays?表示說(shuō)話人現(xiàn)在對(duì)主語(yǔ)的行為表示贊美或厭惡等,常與always,constantly,continually等副詞連用。［例句］Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.表示在最近按打算或安排要進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作。常限于go,come,leave,start,arrive等表“移動(dòng)”“方向"的詞。［例句］Heiscomingtoseemenextweek.二、過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作。［例句］HewassleepingwhenMarycametoseehim.動(dòng)詞go,come,leave,arrive,start等的過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)常表過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。［例句］ShesaidshewasgoingtoBeijingthedayaftertomorrow.三、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣或常常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與usually,always,sometimes,often,everyday/week/month/year等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。［例句］Heoftendoeshishomeworkinhisstudy.2.表示主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在的特征、性格和狀態(tài)。［例句］Thedictionarybelongstome.表示客觀規(guī)律或科學(xué)真理、格言,以及其他不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在。［例句］Themoongoesaroundthesun.在有連詞if,unless,before,assoonas,when,once,however等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。［例句］Ifyouworkhard,youwon'tfailintheexam.四、一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。［例句］Idon'tknowwhatwillhappeninthefuture.常用來(lái)表示將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)造包括：shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形：(單純)表將來(lái),一般不用于條件句。begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形：(打算)準(zhǔn)備做。beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形：馬上或剛要去做某事,通常不與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,但可與when引導(dǎo)的從句連用。beto+動(dòng)詞原形：預(yù)定要做。bedoing表示按打算、安排馬上發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與go,start,setout,leave,reach,arrive,return,come,move等表位移的動(dòng)詞連用。五、一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。［例句］Shewenttothezooyesterday.2.在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。［例句］Hesaidwhenshecamehewouldtellher.六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。［例句］—Haveyouhadyoursupperyet?—Yes,Ihavejusthadit.常與介詞for,during,in,within,over等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,表示過(guò)去的某一行為始終連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。［例句］Ihaven'tseenmyEnglishteacherforalongtime.表示反復(fù)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與severaltimes,once,twice,frequently等頻度副詞連用。［例句］IhavebeentotheUSAseveraltimes.表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作。［例句］Ihaven'tsweptthefloorforaweek.用在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作完成。［例句］I'lltellhimafteryouhaveleft.在“級(jí)+名詞”或在“這是第幾次…”之后跟定語(yǔ)從句，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。［例句］①ThisisthethirdtimeIhavebeenthere②ThisisthebestteaIhaveeverdrunk.七、過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻以前已經(jīng)開(kāi)頭并始終連續(xù)到這一時(shí)刻、或是在此刻前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。［例句］Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearned1,000Englishwords.有些動(dòng)詞(如：hope,think,expect,mean,intend,suppose,want等)的過(guò)去完成時(shí)可表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的盼望、準(zhǔn)備或意圖。［例句］IhadhopedtoseemoreofBeijing.【語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)留意事項(xiàng)】?動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)留意的幾點(diǎn)瞬間性動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí)常用來(lái)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。例句：Thefilmbeginsinaminute.Myuncleisleavingtomorrowmorning.在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。例句：EverytimeIlistentothatsong,I'llthinkofmyoldfriend.Ifyoudothat,Ishallbeverypleased.They'llstandbyyouevenifyoudon'tsucceed.一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)分：一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都表示過(guò)去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響、結(jié)果等，所以它不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,因而它可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：—Haveyoufinishedyourwork?—Yes,Ihave.—Whendidyoufinishit?—Ifinisheditlastsummer.?直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)應(yīng)留意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：人稱的變化時(shí)態(tài)的變化時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的變化地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的變化例句：XiaoYisaid,“Iwanttogototheparkthisafternoon.”—XiaoYisaid(that)hewantedtogototheparkthatafternoon.Bobsaid,“We'llhaveameetingheretomorrowmorning.”—Bobsaid(that)theywouldhaveameetingtherethenextmorning.?定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞只能用that和不能用that的幾種狀況：只能用that的狀況先行詞是不定代詞。例句：Pleasetellmeeverythingthathappenedtoyou.先行詞被形容詞級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或only,last,same,very等修飾。例句：①ThisisthemostinterestingmoviethatIhaveeverseen.②ThisistheonlybookthatIreadduringthesummerholiday.先行詞既包括人又包括物。例句：Shetalkedaboutthewriterandhisworksthatinterestedher.【不能用that的狀況】非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。例句：Hesaidhecouldspeakthreeforeignlanguages,whichisnottrue.先行詞本身是that。例句：Ihavethatwhichyougaveme.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”構(gòu)造。例句：ThepersontowhomItalkedjustnowisTom.?現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)進(jìn)展的比擬：1.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作還未完畢時(shí),多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí);強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí),多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例句：①Ihavebeenpaintingthepaining.（強(qiáng)調(diào)“始終在畫”這個(gè)動(dòng)作）②Ihavepaintedthepainting.（強(qiáng)調(diào)“畫完了”這個(gè)結(jié)果）有些動(dòng)詞不能用在現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)中，但可用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中。如：have,love,see等。例句：Shehashadacoldforaweek.Theyhavelovedeachotherforthreeyears.Ihaveseenthismovie.-in