思考問(wèn)題的5個(gè)步驟課件

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1咨詢顧問(wèn)思考和解決企業(yè)問(wèn)題時(shí)有三大基本原則……以事實(shí)為基礎(chǔ)以假設(shè)為導(dǎo)向嚴(yán)格的結(jié)構(gòu)化2……和一套行之有效的解決問(wèn)題的方法第一步陳述/定義問(wèn)題第二步分解問(wèn)題第三步剔除所有的非關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題第四步制定詳細(xì)的工作計(jì)劃和研究計(jì)劃第五步進(jìn)行關(guān)鍵分析第六步綜合結(jié)果，提出論點(diǎn)和建議第七步準(zhǔn)備強(qiáng)有力的溝通?????????................??......?....項(xiàng)目的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度和范圍取決于議題及可用的資源3ClearstatementofproblemtobesolvedorissuetoberesolvedCharacteristicsofagoodproblemstatementAleadingquestionorfirmhypothesisSpecificnotgeneralNotastatementoffactornon-disputableassertionActionableFocusesonwhatthedecisionmakerneedstomoveforward?InterviewerstatestheproblemProblemhasbeenclearlystated,andyouunderstanditProblemhasNOTbeenclearlystated,oryoudon’tunderstanditYoumustclearlyunderstandtheproblemParaphrasetheproblemtomakesureyouhaveitrightAskquestionstoclarifytheissueStep2.YouareresponsibleforensuringtheclarityoftheproblemSTEP1:陳述/定義問(wèn)題5STEP2:構(gòu)建分析框架，分解問(wèn)題Whyuselogictrees?1. TobreakaproblemintocomponentpartssothatProblem-solvingworkcanbedividedintointellectuallymanageablepiecesPrioritiescanbesetamongthepartsResponsibilitiescanbeallocatedtoindividuals2. ToensurethattheintegrityoftheproblemsolvingismaintainedSolvingthepartswillreallysolvetheproblemThepartsaremutuallyexclusiveandcollectivelyexhaustive(i.e.,nooverlaps,nogaps)SubissueSubissueSubissueSubissueSubissueSubissueIssues/hypothesisNo.1Issues/hypothesisNo.2Issues/hypothesisNo.3ProblemstatementSuggestions

-Describeyourapproachtotheinterviewerasyouproceed.Don’tassumetheyknowwhatyouarethinking!-Stateyourhypothesesascrisplyaspossible.-Onlyuseframeworksiftheyareappropriate-don’tforcefit.-Theideasareimportant,nottheframework.“Ithinkweshouldlookatthepowerofbuyersandindustrycompetitiveness”isbetterthan“I’dliketoapplypartofthePorterFiveForcesframework”.6STEP3:去除非關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題WhyFirststepinconstant,interactiverefinementprocessFocusesyoureffortonwhatismostimportantDo’s&Don’tsAlwaysaskyourself“sowhat”...butalsoaskyourselfwhatyoumighthavemissedTelltheinterviewerwhatyouarecuttingandwhyProblemstatementIssue1Issue2Issue3Issue47STEP5:綜合分析結(jié)果，提出論點(diǎn)和建議ComplicationSituationResolutionUsesituation,complication,resolutionformatPyramidstructure

ordecisiontreeMainassertionSupportingdataSupportingdataSupportingdataSupportingdataQuestionSub-assertionSub-assertionQuestionQuestionYes Action1No

Action2Yes Action3No Action4and/orStatetheconditionsatpointofproblemFleshoutbarrierstoimprovingsituationLayoutpossiblesolutionpath9STEP2是最關(guān)鍵的步驟，必須使用MECE法則嚴(yán)格結(jié)構(gòu)化問(wèn)題，這是思考問(wèn)題的起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)MECE是“MutuallyExclusive,CollectivelyExhaustive”四個(gè)詞的字首組合，意為“相互獨(dú)立，完全窮盡”。在解決問(wèn)題的過(guò)程中，MECE意味著將問(wèn)題細(xì)分為明確的、沒有重疊的子問(wèn)題，同時(shí)確保所有相關(guān)的問(wèn)題都已考慮在內(nèi)。一個(gè)好的理論框架都是MECE的，例如科特勒的4P、波特的5力、廣為人知的SWOT分析、人機(jī)料法環(huán)、CQT等都是MECE的，這些現(xiàn)成的理論幫助我們快速深入的建立起思考問(wèn)題的框架。但有些時(shí)候，我們無(wú)法利用現(xiàn)成的理論框架，此時(shí)就要求我們自行建構(gòu)一個(gè)分析框架，一定要注意必須符合MECE原則。控制過(guò)程簡(jiǎn)單增長(zhǎng)快于行業(yè)在財(cái)務(wù)上產(chǎn)生正面影響接管和融合容易市場(chǎng)份額大零售店的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力弱成本降低銷售增加利潤(rùn)增長(zhǎng)業(yè)務(wù)獨(dú)立管理人員不變?yōu)槭裁?？?gòu)買一家大型的連鎖店為什么？舉例10舉例：賣舊車前的準(zhǔn)備沒有結(jié)構(gòu)化前，簡(jiǎn)單的羅列事項(xiàng)：Fixholeinroof 修理車頂?shù)钠贫碐etnewfloormats

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