2023學年完整公開課版Grammar學案

Unit4HelpingpeoplearoundtheworldPeriod4Grammarandusage學案語氣是動詞的一種形式，表示說話人對發(fā)生的動作或所處的狀態(tài)持有的態(tài)度或看法。英語中有三種語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣表示主觀愿望和假想虛擬的情況。虛擬語氣常用在非真實條件句及其他一些從句中。1.虛擬語氣表示說話人認為所說的話是與事實相反的內容，只是一種愿望、假設、猜測、建議或空想，用于條件句或某些動詞之后。在這樣的句子中要用虛擬語氣。2.虛擬語氣常用在由if引導的非真實條件句中，是用謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示與現在、過去事實相反的情況或對將來發(fā)生的情況表示懷疑。虛擬語氣的結構：虛擬情況從句主句與現在事實相反If+主語+動詞過去式（be的過去式為were）主語+would（should,could,might）+動詞原形Whatwouldyoudoifyouhadamilliondollars?如你有一百萬美元，你會做什么？IfIwonamilliondollars,I’dgiveittocharities.如果我贏了一百萬美元，我要捐給慈善機構。IfIwereyou,I’dwearashirtandtie.假如我是你，我會穿襯衫打領帶。IfIwereyou,I’dbealittlelate.假如我是你，我就會遲一點去。IfIwereyou,I’dtakeasmallpresent.假如我是你，我就會帶一份小禮物。與將來事實可能相反①動詞過去式②If+主語+should+動詞原形③Wereto+動詞原形④過去將來時主語+would（should,could,might）+動詞原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?假如明天下雨，你怎么辦？IfheshouldgotoQingIfheweretocomehere,hewouldtellusaboutit.如果他要來的話，他會通知我們一聲。與過去事實相反If+主語+had+過去分詞主語+would（should,could,might）+have+過去分詞Iftheyhadleftearlier,wewouldn’thavemissedtheairplane.假如他們早點動身的話，我們是不會錯過飛機的。Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceededinthecompetition.要是他采納了我的建議他可能已經在競賽中勝出了。IfIhadseenthefilm,Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutit.我如果看過這場電影，我會把電影內容告訴你了。IfIhadgotthereearlier,IwouldhavemetMr.Li.如果我早點到那兒，我就會會到了李先生。3.錯綜時間條件句

。有時，從句和主句中所表示的動作發(fā)生的時間是不一致的，這時就要根據其所表示的時間來進行調整。

If

I

were

you，I

would

have

gone

to

see

the

doctor．我要是你，我早就去看病了。（從句與現在事實相反，主句與過去事實相反）

If

you

had

gone

to

see

the

doctor，you

would

be

all

right

now．你要早去看病，你現在就沒事了。（從句與過去事實相反，主句與現在事實相反）

4.含蓄條件句

。虛擬的條件有時可以不用條件從句來表示，而是通過某些介詞短語來表達。

比如：除了but

for（要不是）以外，能夠表示虛擬條件的詞和短語還包括：but

that（要不是）、without（沒有）、otherwise（否則）、or（不然）、under．．．circumstances（在……的情況下）、in

the

past（在過去）等等。

But

for

the

English

test，I

would

have

gone

home

this

week．要不是英語測試，我這個禮拜就回家了。

5.虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的使用(1)wish后的賓語從句

I

wish

I

were

as

young

as

you．7我希望自己像你一樣年輕。

注意：wish從句后使用虛擬語氣時，動詞的形式根據所表示的時間概念而采用不同形式：過去時（與現在相反）、過去完成時（與過去事實相反）或過去將來時（與將來事實相反）。

(2)would

rather和would

sooner后的賓語從句

兩個詞組都表示寧愿、寧可的意思，后面如用賓語從句，動詞采用過去時（與現在或將來事實相反）或過去完成時（與過去事實相反）。

I’d

rather

I

hadn’t

met

you．8我寧愿從來就沒遇見過你。(3)虛擬語氣用在wish后的賓語從句中（1）表示與現在事實相反對愿望，謂語動詞用過去式。如：IwishIhadyourbrains.我希望我能有你那樣的腦筋。（事實：我根本比不上你）（2）表示與過去事實相反的愿望，謂語動詞用“had+過去分詞”。如：IwishIhadknownthetruthofthematter.我希望我原來知道這件事的真相。（事實：我原來根本不知道）（3）表示將來難以實現的愿望，謂語動詞用“should（would）+動詞原形”。如：IwishIshouldhaveachanceagain.我真希望再有一次機會。（事實：很難再有這樣機會）課堂鞏固練習：1.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI_____thebookfromwhichitwasmade.

A.havereadB.hadreadC.shouldhavereadD.arereadingarelate.Ifyou_____afewminutesearlier,you_____him.

A.come;wouldmeetB.hadcome;wouldhavemet

C.come;willmeetD.hadcome;wouldmeettwostudentstalkedasifthey_____friendsforyears.

A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeenisimportantthatI_____withMr.Williamsimmediately.

A.speakB.spokeC.willspeakD.tospeaklookedasifhe_____illforalongtime.

A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeenthedoctorhadcomeearlier,thepoorchildwouldnot_____.

A.havelaidtherefortwohoursB.havebeenliedtherefortwohours

C.haveliedtherefortwohoursD.havelaintherefortwohours7.IwishthatI_____withyoulastnight.

A.wentB.couldgoC.havegoneD.couldhavegone8.Let’ssayyoucouldgothereagain,how_____feel?A.willyouB.shouldyouC.wouldyouD.doyou

can’tstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_____everything.

A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknownthefog,weshouldhavereachedourschool.

A.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butforyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I_____himattheairport.

A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeetcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.

A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteachwouldhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible,butI_____sobusythen.

A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe’sworkinghardforfearthathe_____.

A.shouldfallbehindB.fellbehind

C.mayfallbehindD.wouldfallenbehindit_____anothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.

A.hadrainedB.wouldhaverained

C.haveseenD.rainedsuggestedthatthey_____useatrickinsteadoffighting.

A.shouldB.wouldC.doD.hadfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_____there.

A.notwentB.won’tgoC.notgoD.nottogowouldhavegonetothemeetingifI_____time.

A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehadyouratherI_____buyinganewbike?

A.decidedagainstB.willdecideagainst

C.havedecidedD.shalldecideagainstlooksotiredtonight.Itistimeyou_____.

A.gotosleepB.wenttosleep

C.gotobedD.wenttobed

21.—Whydidn’tyoubuyanewcar?—IwouldhaveboughtoneifI_____enoughmoney.

A.hadB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.hadhadshecouldsew,_____.

A.shemakeadressB.shewouldhavemadeashirtC.shewillmakeashirtD.shewouldhadmadeacoattoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.

A.WouldheleaveB.Washeleaving

C.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleavesdoctorsuggestedthathe_____ashorttripabroad.

A.willtakeB.wouldtake

C.takeD.took

Bakersarrivedlastnight.Ifthey’donlyletusknowearlier,_____atthestation.

A.we’dmeetthemB.we’llmeetthem

C.we’dhavemetthemD.we’vemetthemI_____you,I_____moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.

A.was;shallpayB.am;willpay

C.wouldbe;wouldpayD.were;wouldpay

mighthavefailedifyou_____usahelpinghand.

A.havenotgivenB.wouldnotgive

C.hadnotgivenD.didnotgivelawrequiresthateveryone_____hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.

A.hasB.hadC.haveD.willhaveisstrangethathe_____so.A.wouldsayB.wouldspeakC.shouldsayD.willspeakIknownhername,_____

A.ordoessheknowmine?B.andwheredoesshelive?

C.shewouldbebeautiful.D.Iwouldhaveinvitedhertolunch.答案：1—5BBDAD6—10DDCAD11—15CDCAA16—20ACAAD

21—25DBCCC26—30DCCCD

解析：

后面用虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實相反用過去完成時。2.條件句表示與過去事實相反，主句用過去將來完成時，從句用過去完成時。

if后面如果表示真實情況就不用虛擬。

isimportantthat是主語從句的虛擬語氣，從句用sb.s