高三英語閱讀理解猜詞技巧課件

高三英語閱讀理解猜詞技巧[課件]第一頁，共58頁。高考英語閱讀解題方法指導(dǎo)－－－

一、猜詞技巧第二頁，共58頁。設(shè)問特點：1、從原文中找單詞，短語或句子設(shè)問。2、所問詞或句與該詞該句常見意思不同，無法望文生義,只有在具體的上下文中才可判斷準(zhǔn)確。3、所考單詞有的是生詞，有的是舊詞新意。4、正確選項的特征是放在原文不僅單句合理，全文也合理。5、錯誤選項或是字面意思，或是故意胡說。。第三頁，共58頁。猜測詞義題目類型1.對考綱外生詞的猜測Theunderlinedword"cultivated"(paragraph1)roughlymeans______.

2.對考綱內(nèi)熟詞新義的猜測Theunderlinedword“hit”(paragraph1)roughlymeans4.對句義的猜測WhenIgotbackoutintothestreet,theworldseemedbrand-newtome.Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend3.對代詞的猜測

Theunderlinedpart“it”(inPara.4)refersto______.

第四頁，共58頁。詞義理解題常見的題型有:1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_____.2.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?3.Theunderlinedsentence“…”means______.第五頁，共58頁。Howdoyoudealwiththeunfamiliarwordsorphraseswhilereading?IgnorethemandcontinuereadingLookthemupinthedictionaryGuessthemeaning第六頁，共58頁。1.Hewould______thegoldfromhisgrandma.2..Unlikehisbrother,Hobartisquite______.Howtoguessthemissingwords?Harveyisathief:hewould______thegoldfromhisgrandmaandnotfeelguilty.stealUnlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsome

person,Hobartisquite____________.ordinary-lookingplain/homely第七頁，共58頁。Skillsforguessingunknownwords:1.Thelionhasits

“territory”,whichisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claims（聲稱）asitsown.“territory”means___________

anarea(thatown)動物地盤2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.Theunderlinedwordmeans____.A.strongB.determinedC.kindD.clever定語從句或其后的句子其實是一種定義或解釋第八頁，共58頁。技巧歸納1:

Use__________________________利用__________________________definitionorexplanation定義或解釋猜測詞義mean,referto,becalled,beknownas,canbedefinedas,inotherwords,thatis,thatistosay,namely，becalled，beidentifiedas，toputitdifferently

括號,引號,破折號，定語從句…..etc.第九頁，共58頁。Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots(嫩芽）,oryoungleavesoftrees.Theword“pruning”means______A.RegularcuttingoftheplantsB.FrequentwateringC.RegularuseofchemicalsD.Growingtheplantshighinthemountain技巧歸納2：Using________________________________根據(jù)________________________________commonsenseorexperience普通常識和經(jīng)驗第十頁，共58頁。技巧歸納3:利用____________________from___________________2.Theperiodofadolescence,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort.

A少兒期B幼兒期C青春期D成人期同義/同位語similarity/appositive1.Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today．“ocelot”means_________________anendangeredwildcat第十一頁，共58頁。Thelargestplayer–ShanghaiBashiTourismCarCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices,suchasdeluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches.Santanasedansarethebigfavoriteofthetourists.…Theunderlinedwordsusedinthetextreferto____.A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers技巧歸納4:利用_____________舉例fromexamplesSignalwords：forexample，forinstance，suchas，like，as，etc.第十二頁，共58頁。技巧歸納5：利用________________From_________________1.Thesnowwasfalling.Bigflakesdrifted(飄）withthewindlikefeathers.2.Unlikeher

gregarioussister,Janeisashypersonwhodoesnotliketogotopartiesormakenewfriends.雪花，雪片愛交際的比較或?qū)Ρ萩omparisonorcontrastSignalwords:

as,like,thesameas，unlike,but，however,onthecontrary,while,instead…ect.第十三頁，共58頁。技巧歸納6:利用__________________From__________________________(1)Overworkmaycausediseases.over（過分的、過量的）＋work＝overwork“工作過度”。(2)Therewasadissatisfiedlookinthemanager'seyes.dis“不”+satisfied“滿意的=dissatisfied“不滿意的”。構(gòu)詞法（前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等）Wordformation第十四頁，共58頁。合成Compounding

轉(zhuǎn)化Conversion派生Derivation構(gòu)詞法Wordformationprefixsuffix第十五頁，共58頁。表否定un-,non-,in-,dis-表相反un-,de-,dis-,counter-錯誤失當(dāng)mis-,mal-,pseudo-表向背pro-,anti-表程度arch-,super-,ultra-,

over-,under-,mini-,semi-,表時間pre,fore-,post-表方位sub-,inter-,trans-

prefixdecontroltransplantcounterattack解除控制

移植

反擊

第十六頁，共58頁。suffix-able（能…的）-less（無，不）wards（向）-ship（身份；資格；權(quán)力；性質(zhì)）-some（易于…的）hood（狀態(tài)；性質(zhì)；時期）-ish（如…的；有點兒…的）-proof(防…的；不能穿透的）-scape（景）-most(最…的）waterproofstreetscapeinnermostspeechless第十七頁，共58頁。Heissaidtobe“undersized’’with“shortlegs’’anda“roundstomach”.（08廣東卷）TalesofthesupernaturalarecommoninallpartsofBritain.（08廣東卷）Theycaughttheemotionallandscapefromheartbreaktojoy,butsharetheundeniablelongingforrecoveryandhope.(2010深一模)派生Derivation小尺寸的;較矮小的;超自然的風(fēng)景不可否認(rèn)的第十八頁，共58頁。Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend,…h(huán)isverystrange,dustyfelthat,hisfunnyaccentfromwho-knows-where

（06廣東卷）合成Compounding

誰都不知是什么地方

第十九頁，共58頁。Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.（08廣東卷）Sherestedherselfagainstapostclosetothetracks．（09廣東卷）轉(zhuǎn)化Conversionv.—n.發(fā)言，發(fā)表意見n.—v.倚靠第二十頁，共58頁。1.Isheintelligentorstupid?2.MostwomeninGhanatheeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved.Theunderlinedword“illiterate”inthepassagemeans____.A.RepeatedB.reiterated.CuneducatedD.sickclever技巧歸納7:利用___________________________From__________________________同義詞或反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞。SynonymorAntonym.第二十一頁，共58頁。1.Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior（上司）,itwouldbepresumptuous

ofmetotellyouwhattodo.”Theword“presumptuous”isclosestinmeaningto“

”.A．fullofrespect

B．rudeandtooconfident

C．lackinginexperience

D．tooshyandquiet

B技巧歸納8：利用______________________From_______________________原因與結(jié)果關(guān)系猜詞fromCauseandResultSignalwords:

because,so,sothathence,thereforeAsaresult,assince,for,thus第二十二頁，共58頁。

Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest技巧歸納9:Use_____________________________利用_____________________________workedasanengineer.contextorrelatedinformation上下文的語境第二十三頁，共58頁。利用上下文熟詞新義生活常識找信息詞指代關(guān)系第二十四頁，共58頁。1.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?2.Themayormadeanaddresstothecitizensatthemeetingyesterday.imaginespeech第二十五頁，共58頁。（福建卷）RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear,equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.64.Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans______. A.cleaningupB.takingin C.wipingoutD.givingout第二十六頁，共58頁。WhenIfirstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywellpaidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallweeklynewspaper.AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormal(反常的)mentalstate.HowcouldanyoneturnhisbackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea?Theunderlinedphrase“turnhisbackon”mostprobablymean_____. A.leavefor B.returnto C.giveup D.relyon第二十七頁，共58頁。(全國卷I)Ifyourchildisunwillingtodiscusssomething,don’tinsisthetellyouwhat’sonhismind.Themoreyouinsist,themorelikelythathe’llclamup.

69.Whatdoesthephrase“clamup”inParagraph2probablymean? A.becomeexcited B.showrespect C.refusetotalk D.seekhelp第二十八頁，共58頁。Asawoman,Ifeelunsafehere.IspendabombontaxisbecauseIwillnottakepublictransportafter10p.m.Iusedtouseit,butnowI’mafraid.(14廣東卷)58.Theunderlinedpart“it”refersto______. A.ataxi B.themoney C.abomb D.publictransportthis,that,it,them,one等代詞指代內(nèi)容一般是在此詞的前面,理解上下文特別是上句的意識和本句的意思是解題的關(guān)鍵.第二十九頁，共58頁。猜詞技巧Tipsforguessingthemeaningofwords1.利用定義或解釋2.利用普通常識和經(jīng)驗3.利用同義/同位語4.利用舉例

5.利用比較或?qū)Ρ?.利用構(gòu)詞法（前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等）7.利用同義詞或反義詞8.利用原因與結(jié)果關(guān)系猜詞9.利用上下文的語境第三十頁，共58頁。1.Agoodteacherworksinquiteadifferentway.Hisaudiencetakeanactivepartinhisplay:theyaskandanswerquestions,theyobeyorders,andiftheydon’tunderstandsomething,theysayso.Theword“audience”intheparagraphmeans____.A.studentsB.peoplewhowatchaplayC.peoplewhoactonthestageD.peoplewholistentosomething常識teacherstudents第三十一頁，共58頁。﹡﹡

2.Whensomekindofpainkiller(止痛藥）wasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective（無效的）.Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”meansthatthecolours_______AttractedthecustomersstronglyHadweakeffectsonthecustomersTrickedthecustomersintoshoppingCausedthecustomerstoloseinterest

D因果關(guān)系because第三十二頁，共58頁。﹡

3.Collinsdecidedthatshemustgo,althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany,forexample,theunbearableheat,thepossibilityofgettinglost,thepresenceofwildanimalsandpoisonoussnakes.“hazard”means___________________A.pleasure,B.problem,C.danger,D.attractionC舉例forexample第三十三頁，共58頁。﹡﹡﹡

4.

Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.AmongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsocietyTheunderlinedphrase“themostvocal”means______ThosewhotrytheirbesttowinThosewhovaluecompetitionmosthighlyThosewhoareagainstcompetitionmoststronglyThosewhorelyonothersmostforsuccessC上下文語境contextorrelatedinformation第三十四頁，共58頁。

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5.Withoutexaminations,employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothem－aformoffavoritism

willreplaceequality.

Theword“favoritism"isusedtodescribethephenomenonthat________.

A.brightchildrenalsoneedcertificatestogetsatisfyingjobs

B.childrenfromwell-respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjobs

C.poorchildrenwithcertificatesarefavoredinjobmarkets

D.childrenattendingordinaryschoolsachievegreatsuccess

破折號（定義或同位語）第三十五頁，共58頁。﹡6.Grown-upsalsohaveasenseofobjectpermanence.Thatistosay,ifweputaboxinaroomandlockthedoor,theboxwillstillbetherewhenwecomeback.“Objectpermanence”meansthatwhenoutofsight,anobject______StillexistsB.keepsitsshapeC.StillstayssolidD.isbeyondreachA1.定義definitionthatistosay也就是說2.構(gòu)詞法permanent—permanence第三十六頁，共58頁。﹡﹡7.Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;instead,itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"hassle“probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthought

C.asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble

D.ademandmadebyguests

比較comparison(instead—相反,反而)第三十七頁，共58頁。8.WilliamShakespearesaid.“Thewebofourlifeisofamingled

yarn（紗線），goodandilltogether.”Theunderlinedword“mingled”mostprobablymeans

.A．simple

B．mixed

C．sad

D．happyBdefinitionorexplanation定義或解釋猜測詞義第三十八頁，共58頁。﹡9.Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside,butinsideitwasveryexotic

withfascinatingobjectsondisplay.Ashebeganputtingthemintohisbag,agodcameintotheroom.ItstoppedwhenitsawBuster,thenwaggeditstailmadlyandwentovertohim,lickinghisoutstretchedhand.“Goodboy,”Busterwhispered.“Whatagreatguarddogyouaretryingtolickmetodeath.”

Whichofthedefinitionsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“exotic”?AMessyanduntidy.B.Richandexpensive.C.ComfortableandcalmingD.Unusualandforeign.對比contrastnormal—butunusual第三十九頁，共58頁。

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10.Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.Whenrestingintheshade,theyarealsowatchingtheskytoseewhatisflyingby,andevenintheheatofthedaytheywillsuddenlystartupandrunamileacrosstheplainstofindoutwhatisgoingon.Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunists”,theauthormeanstosaythatlions____.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.Liketotakeadvantageof（利用）otheranimalsD.Liketotakeeverychancetoeat構(gòu)詞法及下文解釋opportunityist第四十頁，共58頁。Practiceinthepassage第四十一頁，共58頁。11.Hehadbeengettingbetterbutduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.Getworse12.Theanimalwiththelongevityisthegiantlandtortoisewhichcanliveseveralhundredsyears.長壽13.Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalshavebackbones.文中“vertebrates”的意思是____________脊椎動物第四十二頁，共58頁。14.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.concentrate/focusherattentionon15.Butsometimes，norainfallsforalong，longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod，ordrought.Alongperiodofshortageofrainfall第四十三頁，共58頁。16.Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?

co（共同的）educational男女同校教育的17.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.

country第四十四頁，共58頁。Ex2:…“TheDaveyousawonTVwastherealDave,”saysfriendPatWilliams,“Hewasn’tagreatactororagreatspeaker.HewasjustJoeEverybody.”74.“HewasjustJoeEverybody.”(inthelastparagraph)means_____.A.DavewasfamousB.DavewasordinaryC.DavewasshowyD.Davewasshy第四十五頁，共58頁。Ex3:Andifyou'vegatheredyourfriendsaroundyoutorebuildahappyfamilyatmosphere(氣氛),youmayfearthatsayingnowillbringbackthekindofconflictyougrewupwithordestroytheniceatmosphereyounowenjoyTheunderlinedword"conflict"means_____.dependentlifefiercefightC.badmannersD.painfulfeeling第四十六頁，共58頁。Ex.4:Provideincentive.Tellyourchildrentheimportanceofsaving.“Foreverydollarheorsheagreestosaveandinvestratherthanspend,youagreetoaddanotherdollartothepot,”saysCathyPareto,expertinmoneyplanning.Theunderlinedword“incentive”inthisparagraphmeans______.AHonorB.praiseC.excitementD.encouragement第四十七頁，共58頁。PracticeMarkTwainwasnottheauthor’srealname;itwasapseudonym.2.Butsometimes，norainfallsforalong，longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod，ordrought.apenname.Alongperiodofshortageofrainfall第四十八頁，共58頁。Thehousestoodattheendofaquietneatstreet.Thelittledwelling,however,lookedneglectedandcheerless.第四十九頁，共58頁。福建卷)Forananswer,IcheckedwithTimFlannery,authorofTheWeatherMakers:HowManIsChangingtheClimateandWhatItMeansforLifeonEarth.Inhisbook,hehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissionstokeeptheworldfromreachingextremelyimportanttippingpoints,suchasthemelting（融化）oftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica.“Tostaybelowthatpoint,weneedtoreduceCO2emissionsby80percent,”hesaid.73.Theunderlinedwords“tippingpoints”mostprobablyreferto A.freezingpoints B.burningpoints C.meltingpoints D.boilingpointssuchas第五十頁，共58頁。(廣東卷)“UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.”Differentfrompopularbelief,mostgoodleadersaremade,notborn.Theylearntheirskillsintheireverydaylives.Butwhichdotheydevelop?Howdothey(andhowcanyou)getotherstofollow?Theunderlinedwordroughlymeans____. A.encouraged B.compared C.examined D.developed第五十一頁，共58頁。

(廣東卷）EachoftheguestsmadeaparticularfussoverKelly,theyoungestone,admiringherdress,herhairandhersmile.Theysaidshewasaremarkablegirltobecarryingcoatsupstairsatherage.Ithoughttomyselfthatweadultsusuallymakeabig“todo”overtheyoungeronebecauseshe’stheonewhoseemsmoreeasilyhurt.Theunderlinedexpression“makeabig“todo”overmeans____. A.showmuchconcernabout B.haveaspecialeffecton C.listjobstobedonefor D.dogoodthingsforbecause第五十二頁，共58頁。(年四川卷）Pleasestayonpermittedpaths.Otherwiseyoumaydestroydesertplants.Packoutwhatyoupackin,soyouleavenosignsofyourvisit.Itisimportanttokeepinmindthatyouareinanationalparkwherewildlifeexists.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“packoutwhatyoupackin”probablymean?______ A.keepeverythingoutofcampgrounds B.takeawayeverythingyoubringin C.carryallthenecessaryfood D.lookafteryourpersonalbelongings第五十三頁，共58頁。(2009江西卷)Newarchaeologicaldiscoverssuggestthattradebetween