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為什么聽不懂老外的發(fā)音——原來(lái)英語(yǔ)有連讀、弱讀和縮讀連讀一什么是連讀。在連貫地說(shuō)話或朗讀時(shí)在同一個(gè)意群即短語(yǔ)或從句中如果相鄰的兩個(gè)詞前者以輔音音素結(jié)尾后者以元音音素開頭就要自然地將輔音和元音相拼,構(gòu)成一個(gè)音節(jié)只需順其自然地一帶而過(guò),不可以加音也不可以讀得太重。如:notatall這個(gè)短語(yǔ)。連讀時(shí)聽起來(lái)就像是一個(gè)單詞。注意連讀只發(fā)生在句子中的同一個(gè)意群中。在兩個(gè)意群之間即使有兩個(gè)相鄰的輔音和元音出現(xiàn)也不可連讀。如:Pleasetakealookatit.這個(gè)句子中takealookatit是同一個(gè)意群那么take與a可連讀,look與at可連讀,at與it可連Thereisabookinit.一句中book與in往往不連讀因?yàn)閎ook與in分別在兩個(gè)不同的意群中。二連讀的詳細(xì)情況1.在同一個(gè)意群中相鄰的兩個(gè)詞前者以輔音音素結(jié)尾后者以元音音素開頭往往要拼在一起連讀。如:Heisastudent.(is與a要連讀)Thatisarightanswer.(That與is,is和a,right和answer都可以連讀)Illbebackinhalfanhour.(bacink,half和an,an與hour都可以連讀。2.在同一個(gè)意群中的兩個(gè)單詞如果前面的單詞以r或re結(jié)尾后面的單詞以元音音素開頭,則r或re要發(fā)音并與其后的元音音素相拼。如:hereandthere連讀時(shí)往往讀作。hiErEnd`TZE/。apairofshoes連讀時(shí)讀作/E`pZErEv`FU:z/.(三)音的組合任何一個(gè)單詞都是由音素的不同組合而成。群(或輔音連綴、輔音叢)。兩個(gè)、三個(gè)輔音的連綴,在英語(yǔ)中是普遍的。像sixths/siksz/這樣四個(gè)輔音的連綴卻比較少。英語(yǔ)單詞里,輔音連綴所出現(xiàn)的位置有一定規(guī)律,通常只出現(xiàn)在詞首或詞尾。值得特別注意的是,輔音群中,輔音之間決不能夾有元音以不發(fā)音的元音結(jié)尾的詞,朗讀時(shí),輔音后面也不能附加元音。請(qǐng)注意以下幾個(gè)方面:()輔音群中的輔音之間不能加上中元音。這是初學(xué)者常出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤,如:blue/blu:/讀成/blu:/;flood/fld/讀成/fld/。這種錯(cuò)誤在三個(gè)輔音組成的輔音群:screen/skri:n/讀成了/skri:n/。漢語(yǔ)中,聲母/p//b/之后/kri:n//s//skri:n/。()在輔音/r/的輔音群中,像,/r/,,初學(xué)者常把卷舌音念成舌邊音/l/。如:three/ri:/念成/lui:/。其原因是兩個(gè)音在連接時(shí)舌尖沒(méi)有及時(shí)地離開齒齦,作卷舌的動(dòng)作。()/s/3對(duì)爆破音,朗讀/sp/、/sk/、/st/時(shí),清輔音、/k/、不能念成送氣音,而要將它們略微濁化,向///d/*近。而且朗讀位于它們之前的/s/時(shí),送氣也不能太強(qiáng)。()在以/l/另外一個(gè)輔音的輔音群中,有的學(xué)生不會(huì)讀濁音的/l~,而用:film/film/讀成/fim/world/w:ld/讀成/w:d/。其原因是舌尖沒(méi)有/l~正確的。()在一個(gè)輔音/l/的輔音群中,有些同學(xué)往往在輔音與/l/之間加上一個(gè)中元音。如apple/pl/讀成。其原因是舌身在發(fā)音活動(dòng)中移動(dòng)太慢,舌尖沒(méi)有及時(shí)移到上齒齦濁音的/l~的位置。()在一個(gè)輔音/n/的輔音群中,有些同學(xué)感到困難的是“鼻腔爆破”輔音群和/dn/。有些人常在、/d/與/n/之間夾中元音//:cotton/ktn/讀成/ktn/。/d/同時(shí)發(fā)出的。與/n/或/d/與/n/樣舌身便把氣流擋在口腔內(nèi),迫使它從鼻腔與/n/一同發(fā)出。四話語(yǔ)的節(jié)奏英語(yǔ)的話語(yǔ)如同音樂(lè)一樣有一定的節(jié)奏。話語(yǔ)中的音樂(lè)像音英語(yǔ)句子中,名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞等實(shí)詞常要強(qiáng)讀,而介詞、冠詞、代詞等虛詞則一般弱讀。英語(yǔ)的節(jié)奏規(guī)律是*重讀音節(jié)與輕讀音節(jié)的組合加重復(fù)來(lái)體“”來(lái)表示)之間,其時(shí)距“<”表示)開始的(空拍在英語(yǔ)中也叫做“silentstress”)。節(jié)奏群用來(lái)標(biāo)識(shí)。我們用大致相同的時(shí)間來(lái)朗讀每個(gè)節(jié)奏群。因此,為了真正取得節(jié)奏效果,碰到輕音少的節(jié)奏時(shí),我們就可以念慢些,輕音較多的節(jié)奏群則必須念快一些。例如:daylight·/flashlight·.One/Two/Three/Four,/lets·/go/lets·/go.Peters·younger·sister·/leftthe·bagat·home.Thisis·the·/furnit·ure·.句子中需要停頓的地方。例如:He∧is·a·/student./Yes/Peter·,/he∧was·at·/home.五弱讀單詞在句中可以強(qiáng)讀,也可以弱讀,主要取決于上下文所表達(dá)的意some為例,該詞在重讀或單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)時(shí),其元音的發(fā)音與單詞sum完全一樣。但是,當(dāng)some在元音。一個(gè)單詞在強(qiáng)讀或弱讀具有不同(兩種或兩種以上)發(fā)音時(shí),這些不同的形式就叫詞的強(qiáng)讀式或弱讀式。英語(yǔ)單詞中有強(qiáng)讀式和弱讀式的單詞大約有50多個(gè),而且他們多出現(xiàn)在句子的非重讀音節(jié)里。從詞性上看,它們大多為單音節(jié)的限定詞、助動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞be、介詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞和人稱代詞等。例如:some/sm/→/sm/→/sm/,have/hv/→/hv/→/v/;were/w:/→,must/mst/→/mst,ms/→/mstms/;do/du:/→→/du/→and/nd/→/ndn/→/n/;of/v/→/v/→/v/,them/m/→→/m/;we/wi:/→/wi/等。六音的連讀在英語(yǔ)的實(shí)際運(yùn)用中,人們常將屬于同一意群的詞連在一起,“連讀(用(”英語(yǔ)有三種連讀形式:(和單詞末尾的輔音同下一個(gè)以元音開頭的單詞連讀。例如:readi(t/ri:dit/,brushu(。在朗讀這種連讀時(shí),可以采用這樣的技巧:puti(to(n可讀成/pu-ti-tn/。()元音元音前一個(gè)詞的末尾元音和后一個(gè)詞的起首元音連在一起讀出,使它們中間不出現(xiàn)停頓。如:doit/du-it/,heatesome/hietsm/,輕輕地滑到下一個(gè)元音上。(/r/元音這一類連讀分為詞末連接音和外加音與元音的連讀。)單詞末尾或音節(jié)末尾的r在英式英語(yǔ)中是不發(fā)音的。但是,在連貫話語(yǔ)里,如果r讀為:thereis/riz/forever/f:rev/b)為了避免讓兩個(gè)意義相關(guān)的比鄰之間加上:ideaofit/aidirvit/thesofaoverthere/sufruv-/。七語(yǔ)調(diào)我們說(shuō)話時(shí)可以隨意改變音高,使音調(diào)上升或下降。我們還可以像歌唱語(yǔ)調(diào)升調(diào)和降調(diào)(分別用符號(hào)、“∈”表示)。升降的過(guò)程可以是急促的,也息。(1)升調(diào)升調(diào)多用來(lái)表示“不肯定和“未完結(jié)的意思,比如一般疑問(wèn)句,語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn)的祈使句,以及用陳述句子形式表示疑問(wèn)的各類句子。如:a)ShallItellhimtocomeandsee.you?(一般疑問(wèn)句的正常語(yǔ)調(diào))You.like.him?(用于陳述句形式的疑問(wèn)句中,期待得到對(duì)方證實(shí))(用(用于某些感嘆句中,表示eShebought.red.yellowand.greenrugs.(用于排例句中,區(qū)別語(yǔ)義)(2)降調(diào)降調(diào)表示“肯定和“完結(jié)。一般用于陳述句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、命令句和感嘆句中。例如:aSwimmingismyfavouritesport.(用于陳述句表示肯定的意義))Whatdidyoufind∈there?(降調(diào)用于特殊疑問(wèn)句表示說(shuō)話人濃厚的興趣))Tellmeallabout∈it.(語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)的命令)d)Haveyougotthe∈tickets?或不高興)e)How∈nice!(用于感嘆句,表示感嘆)英語(yǔ)中除了升調(diào)、降調(diào)這兩種最基本的語(yǔ)調(diào)外,還有降———降—升調(diào)、平調(diào)等。我們掌握了基本的降升調(diào)后,可以查閱參考書,再增加這方面的知識(shí)成的音節(jié)一般都不重讀,只需順其自然地一帶而過(guò),不可讀得太重,也不可音。連讀符號(hào):~)(1)“輔音+元音”型連讀元音開頭,這就要將輔音與元音拼起來(lái)連讀。I?m~an~Englishboy.It~is~an~oldbook.Letmehave~alook~at~it.MsBlackworkedin~an~officelast~yesterday.Icalled~youhalf~an~hour~ago.Put~it~on,please.Not~at~all.Pleasepick~it~up.(2)“r/re+元音”型連讀如果前一個(gè)詞是以-r或者-re結(jié)尾,后一個(gè)詞是以元音開頭,這時(shí)的r或re不但要發(fā),而且還要與后面的元音拼起來(lái)連讀。They?remyfather~andmother.Ilookedfor~ithere~andthere.There~isafootballunder~it.There~aresomebooksonthedesk.Here~isaletterforyou.Here~arefour~eggs.Butwhere~ismycup?Where~areyourbrother~andsister?但是,如果一個(gè)音節(jié)的前后都有字母r,即使后面的詞以元音開頭,也不能連讀。Theblackcloudsarecomingnearerandnearer.nearer與and不可連讀)(3)“輔音+半元音”型連讀英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音中的/j/和是半元音,如果前一個(gè)詞是以輔音結(jié)尾,后一個(gè)詞是以半元音,特別是/j/開頭,此時(shí)也要連讀。Thank~you.Nicetomeet~you.Did~yougettherelate~again?Would~youlike~acup~oftea?Could~youhelpme,please?“音的同化”—常把讀成/dV/didyou聽上成了/dIdVu/wouldyou成了/wudVu/,couldyou成了/kudVu/。(4)“元音+元音”型連讀如果前一個(gè)詞以元音結(jié)尾,后一個(gè)詞以元音開頭,這兩個(gè)音往往也要自然而不間斷地連讀到一起。I~amChinese.He~isveryfriendlytome.Shewantstostudy~English.How~andwhydidyoucomehere?Shecan?tcarry~it.It?lltakeyouthree~hourstowalkthere.Thequestionistoo~easyforhimtoanswer.(5)當(dāng)短語(yǔ)或從句之間按意群進(jìn)行停頓時(shí),意群與意群之間即使有兩個(gè)相鄰的輔音與元音出現(xiàn),也不可連讀。Is~ita~hatoracat?(hat與or之間不可以連讀)There~is~agoodbookinmydesk.(book與in之間不可以連讀)Canyouspeak~EnglishorFrench?(English與or之間不可以連讀)Shallwemeetat~eightortentomorrowmorning?(meet與at,eight與or之間不可以連讀)Sheopenedthedoorandwalked~in.(door與and之間不可以連讀)失去爆破6個(gè)爆破音有3對(duì),,/t/,,/k/,/g/失去爆破,又叫不完全爆破,就是在某些情況下,只須做出發(fā)音的準(zhǔn)備,但并不發(fā)音,稍稍停頓后就發(fā)后面的音。(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型6k】中的任意2個(gè)相臨時(shí),前一個(gè)爆破音會(huì)失音。Thegirlinthere(d)coatwasonabla(ck)bikejus(t)now.Thebi(g)busfromthefa(c)toryisfullofpeople.Wha(t)timedoeshegetupeverymorning?Thisisanol(d)pi(c)tureofabi(g)car.Theol(d)do(c)torhasaca(t),too.We?regoingtoworkonafarmnex(t)Tuesday.Whatwouldyoulike,ho(t)teaorbla(ck)coffee?It?saverycol(d)day,butit?sagoo(d)day.Youcanputi(t)downinthebi(g)garden.Iboughtachea(p)book,butit?sagoo(d)book.(2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音,其后緊跟著某些摩擦音(如/f/,/s/,,/T/等),那么前面那個(gè)爆破音僅有十分輕微的爆破,而后面那個(gè)摩擦音則要完全爆破。6個(gè)爆破音有3對(duì)/d//k/音。(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型6個(gè)爆破音中的任意2音。Thegirlinthere(d)coatwasonabla(ck)bikejus(t)now.Thebi(g)busfromthefa(c)toryisfullofpeople.Wha(t)timedoeshegetupeverymorning?Thisisanol(d)pi(c)tureofabi(g)car.Theol(d)do(c)torhasaca(t),too.We?regoingtoworkonafarmnex(t)Tuesday.Whatwouldyoulike,ho(t)teaorbla(ck)coffee?It?saverycol(d)day,butit?sagoo(d)day.Youcanputi(t)downinthebi(g)garden.Iboughtachea(p)book,butit?sagoo(d)book.(2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音,其后緊跟著某些摩擦音(如/f/,/s/,,/T/等),那么前面那個(gè)爆破音僅有十分輕微的爆破,而后面那個(gè)摩擦音則要完全爆破。Goo(d)morning,Mr.Bell.Goo(d)morning,dear.UncleLi?sfa(c)toryisqui(te)neartothecinema.Iwen(t)therealonea(t)ninelas(t)night.-Doyouknowhisbi(ke)number?-Sorry,Idon?(t)know.Theforty-firs(t)lessonisqui(te)difficult.Goo(d)luck,LinTao.爆破音+m/n,爆破音也會(huì)失爆!,/t/,/k/開頭的音節(jié)發(fā),/d/,/g/在背誦新東方80篇,總結(jié)出來(lái)的一點(diǎn)東西:1.音標(biāo)中無(wú)重讀音節(jié)的,要輕輕的讀,不要讀出有高低調(diào)的聲音!不要老愛把音節(jié)讀成漸高調(diào),感覺(jué)有點(diǎn)歇斯底里,很難聽的!2.除外,這個(gè)音節(jié)只需輕輕帶過(guò)!ee、?。?、呃:讀起來(lái)讓人聽著這個(gè)音節(jié)很明顯。3.短音的i有時(shí)候不發(fā)音,只起到一個(gè)連接的作用;傳說(shuō)中的100句英語(yǔ)可以幫你背7000單詞1.TypicalofthegrasslanddwellersofthecontinentistheAmericanantelope,orpronghorn.1.美洲羚羊,或稱叉角羚,是該大陸典型的草原動(dòng)物。2.OfthemillionswhosawHaley?scometin1986,howmanypeoplewilllivelongenoughtoseeitreturninthetwenty-firstcentury.2.1986年看見哈雷慧星的千百萬(wàn)人當(dāng)中,有多少人能夠長(zhǎng)壽到足以目睹它在二十一世紀(jì)的回歸呢?3.Anthropologistshavediscoveredthatfear,happiness,sadness,andsurpriseareuniversallyreflectedinfacialexpressions.3.人類學(xué)家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),恐懼,快樂(lè),悲傷和驚奇都會(huì)行之于色,這在全人類是共通的。4.Becauseofitsirritatingeffectonhumans,theuseofphenolasageneralantiseptichasbeenlargelydiscontinued.4.由于苯酚對(duì)人體帶有刺激性作用,它基本上已不再被當(dāng)作常用的防腐劑了。5.Ingrouptoremaininexistence,aprofit-makingorganizationmust,inthelongrun,producesomethingconsumersconsiderusefulordesirable.5.任何盈利組織若要生存,最終都必須生產(chǎn)出消費(fèi)者可用或需要的產(chǎn)品。6.Thegreaterthepopulationthereisinalocality,thegreatertheneedthereisforwater,transportation,anddisposalofrefuse.6.一個(gè)地方的人口越多,其對(duì)水,交通和垃圾處理的需求就會(huì)越大。7.Itismoredifficulttowritesimply,directly,andeffectivelythantoemployflowerybutvagueexpressionsthatonlyobscureonesmeaning.7.簡(jiǎn)明,直接,有力的寫作難于花哨,含混而意義模糊的表達(dá)。8.Withmodernofficesbecomingmoremechanized,designersareattemptingtopersonalizethemwithwarmer,lesssevereinteriors.8.部裝飾來(lái)使其具有親切感。9.Thedifferencebetweenlibelandslanderisthatlibelisprintedwhileslanderisspoken.9.誹謗和流言的區(qū)別在于前者是書面的,而后者是口頭的。10.Thekneeisthejointswherethethighbonemeetsthelargeboneofthelowerleg.10.膝蓋是大腿骨和小腿脛的連接處。11.Acidsarechemicalcompoundsthat,inwatersolution,haveasharptaste,acorrosiveactiononmetals,andtheabilitytoturncertainbluevegetabledyesred.11.酸是一種化合物,它在溶于水時(shí)具有強(qiáng)烈的氣味和對(duì)金屬的腐蝕性,并且能夠使某些藍(lán)色植物染料變紅。12.BillieHoliday?sreputationasagreatjazz-bluessingerrestsonherabilitytogiveemotionaldepthtohersongs.12.BillieHoliday?s作為一個(gè)爵士布魯斯樂(lè)杰出歌手的名聲建立在能夠賦予歌曲感情深度的能力。13.Essentially,atheoryisanabstract,symbolicrepresentationofwhatisconceivedtobereality.13.理論在本質(zhì)上是對(duì)認(rèn)識(shí)了的現(xiàn)實(shí)的一種抽象和符號(hào)化的表達(dá)。14.Longbeforechildrenareabletospeakorunderstandalanguage,theycommunicatethroughfacialexpressionsandbymakingnoises.14.兒童在能說(shuō)或能聽懂語(yǔ)言之前,很久就會(huì)通過(guò)面部表情和靠發(fā)出噪聲來(lái)與人交流了。15.Thankstomodernirrigation,cropsnowgrowabundantlyinareaswhereoncenothingbutcactiandsagebrushcouldlive.15.受當(dāng)代灌溉技術(shù)設(shè)施之賜,農(nóng)作物在原來(lái)只有仙人掌和蕎屬科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生長(zhǎng)。16.Thedevelopmentofmechanicaltimepiecesspurredthesearchformoreaccuratesundialswithwhichtoregulatethem.16.機(jī)械計(jì)時(shí)器的發(fā)展促使人們尋求更精確的日晷,以便校準(zhǔn)機(jī)械計(jì)時(shí)器。17.Anthropologyisascienceinthatanthropologistsusearigoroussetofmethodsandtechniquestodo*英語(yǔ)易網(wǎng)*entobservationsthatcanbecheckedbyothers.17.人類學(xué)是一門科學(xué),因?yàn)槿祟悓W(xué)家采用一整套強(qiáng)有力的方法和技術(shù)來(lái)記錄觀測(cè)結(jié)果,而這樣記錄下來(lái)的觀測(cè)結(jié)果是供他人核查的。18.Fungiareimportantintheprocessofdecay,whichreturnsingredientstothesoil,enhancessoilfertility,anddecomposesanimaldebris.18.真菌在腐化過(guò)程中十分重要,而腐化過(guò)程將化學(xué)物質(zhì)回饋于土壤,提高其肥力,并分解動(dòng)物糞便。19.Whenitisstruck,atuningforkproducesanalmostpuretone,retainingitspitchoveralongperiodoftime.19.音叉被敲擊時(shí),產(chǎn)生幾乎純質(zhì)的音調(diào),其音量經(jīng)久不衰。20.AlthoughpecansaremostplentifulinthesoutheasternpartoftheUnitedStates,theyarefoundasfarnorthasOhioandIllinois.20.雖然美洲山河桃樹最集中于美國(guó)的東南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利諾州也能看見它們。21.Eliminatingproblemsbytransferringtheblametoothersisoftencalledscape-goating.21.用怪罪別人的辦法來(lái)解決問(wèn)題通常被稱為尋找替罪羊。22.Thechieffoodseateninanycountrydependlargelyonwhatgrowsbestinitsclimateandsoil.22.一個(gè)國(guó)家的主要食物是什么,大體取決于什么作物在其天氣和土壤條件下生長(zhǎng)得最好。23.Overaverylargenumberoftrials,theprobabilityofanevent'soccurringisequaltotheprobabilitythatitwillnotoccur.23.在大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)中,某一事件發(fā)生的幾率等于它不發(fā)生的幾率。24.Mostsubstancecontractwhentheyfreezesothatthedensityofasubstance'ssolidishigherthanthedensityofitsliquid.24.大多數(shù)物質(zhì)遇冷收縮,所以他們的密度在固態(tài)時(shí)高于液態(tài)。25.Themechanismbywhichbraincellsstorememoriesisnotclearlyunderstood.25.大腦細(xì)胞儲(chǔ)存記憶的機(jī)理并不為人明白。26.Bythemiddleofthetwentiethcentury,paintersandsculptorsintheUnitedStateshadbeguntoexertagreatworldwideinfluenceoverart.26.到了二十一世紀(jì)中葉,美國(guó)畫家和雕塑家開始在世界范圍內(nèi)對(duì)藝術(shù)產(chǎn)生重大影響。27.IntheeasternpartofNewJerseyliesthecityofElizabeth,amajorshippingandmanufacturingcenter.27.伊麗莎白市,一個(gè)重要的航運(yùn)和制造業(yè)中心,坐落于新澤西州的東部。28.ElizabethBlackwell,thefirstwomanmedicaldoctorintheUnitedStates,foundedtheNewYorkInfirmary,aninstitutionthathasalwayshadacompletelyfemalemedicalstaff.28.ElizabethBlackwell,美國(guó)第一個(gè)女醫(yī)生,創(chuàng)建了員工一直為女性紐約診所。29.AlexanderGrahamBelloncetoldhisfamilythathewouldratherberememberedasateacherofthedeafthanastheinventorofthetelephone.29.AlexanderGrahamBell曾告訴家人,他更愿意讓后人記住他是聾子的老師,而非電話的發(fā)明者。30.Becauseitsleavesremaingreenlongafterbeingpicked,rosemarybecameassociatedwiththeideaofremembrance.30.采摘下的迷迭香樹葉常綠不衰,因此人們把迷迭香樹與懷念聯(lián)系在一起。31.Althoughapparentlyrigid,bonesexhibitadegreeofelasticitythatenablestheskeletontowithstandconsiderableimpact.31.32.ThatxenoncouldnotFORMchemicalcompoundswasoncebelievedbyscientists.32.科學(xué)家曾相信:氙氣是不能形成化合物的。33.Researchintothedynamicsofstormsisdirectedtowardimprovingtheabilitytopredicttheseeventsandthustominimizedamageandavoidlossoflife.33.對(duì)風(fēng)暴動(dòng)力學(xué)的研究是為了提高風(fēng)暴預(yù)測(cè)從而減少損失,避免人員傷亡。34.Theeliminationofinflationwouldensurethattheamountofmoneyusedinrepayingaloanwouldhavethesamevalueastheamountofmoneyborrowed.34.消除通貨膨脹應(yīng)確保還貸的錢應(yīng)與所貸款的價(jià)值相同。35.Futurism,anearlytwentieth-centurymovementinart,rejectedalltraditionsandattemptedtoglorifycontemporarylifebyemphasizingthemachineandmotion.35.未來(lái)主義,二十世紀(jì)早期的一個(gè)藝術(shù)思潮。拒絕一切傳統(tǒng),試圖通過(guò)強(qiáng)調(diào)機(jī)械和動(dòng)態(tài)來(lái)美化生活。36.OneofthewildestandmostinaccessiblepartsoftheUnitedStatesistheEvergladeswherewildlifeisabundantandlargelyprotected.36.Everglades是美國(guó)境內(nèi)最為荒涼和人跡罕至的地區(qū)之一,此處有大量的野生動(dòng)植物而且大多受(法律保護(hù)。37.LucretiaMott'sinfluencewassosignificantthatshehasbeencreditedbysomeauthoritiesastheoriginatoroffeminismintheUnitedStates.37.LucretiaMott's的影響巨大,所以一些權(quán)威部門認(rèn)定她為美國(guó)女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的創(chuàng)始人。38.Theactivitiesoftheinternationalmarketingresearcherarefrequentlymuchbroaderthanthoseofthedomesticmarketer.38.國(guó)際市場(chǎng)研究者的活動(dòng)范圍常常較國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)研究者廣闊。39.ThecontinentaldividereferstoanimaginarylineintheNorthAmericanRockiesthatdividesthewatersflowingintotheAtlanticOceanfromthoseflowingintothePacific.39.大陸分水嶺是指北美洛磯山脈上的一道想象線,該線把大西洋流域和太平洋流域區(qū)分開來(lái)。40.StudiesofthegravityfieldoftheEarthindicatethatitscrustandmantleyieldwhenunusualweightisplacedonthem.40.對(duì)地球引力的研究表明,在不尋常的負(fù)荷之下地殼和地幔會(huì)發(fā)生位移。41.TheannualworthofUtah'smanufacturingisgreaterthanthatofitsminingandfarmingcombined.41.尤它州制造業(yè)的年產(chǎn)值大于其工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)的總和。42.Thewallflowerissocalledbecauseitsweakstemsoftengrowonwallsandalongstonycliffsforsupport.42.墻花之所以叫墻花,是因?yàn)槠浯嗳醯闹Ω山?jīng)常要靠墻壁或順石崖生長(zhǎng),以便有所依附。43.Itistheinteractionbetweenpeople,ratherthantheeventsthatoccurintheirlives,thatisthemainfocusofsocialpsychology.43.44.NosocialcrusadearousedElizabethWilliams'enthusiasmmorethantheexpansionofeducationalfacilitiesforimmigrantstotheUnitedStates.44.給美國(guó)的新移民增加教育設(shè)施比任何社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)都更多的激發(fā)了ElizabethWilliams的熱情。45.Quailstypicallyhaveshortroundedwingsthatenablethemtospringintofullflightinstantlywhendisturbedintheirhidingplaces.45.典型的鵪鶉都長(zhǎng)有短而圓的翅膀,憑此他們可以在受驚時(shí)一躍而起,飛離它們的躲藏地。46.Accordingtoanthropologists,theearliestancestorsofhumansthatstooduprightresembledchimpanzeesfacially,withslopingforeheadsandprotrudingbrows.46.根據(jù)人類學(xué)家的說(shuō)法,直立行走的人的鼻祖面部輪廓與黑猩猩相似,額頭后傾,眉毛突出。47.Notuntil1866wasthefullysuccessfultransatlanticcablefinallylaid.47.直到1866年第一條橫跨大西洋的電纜才完全成功的架通。48.Inhiswriting,JohnCroweRansomdescribeswhatheconsidersthespiritualbarrennessofsocietybroughtaboutbyscienceandtechnology.48.JohnCroweRansom在他的著作中描述了他認(rèn)為是由科學(xué)技術(shù)給社會(huì)帶來(lái)的精神貧困。49.Childrenwithparentswhoseguidanceisfirm,consistent,andrationalareinclinedtopossesshighlevelsofself-confidence.49.父母的教導(dǎo)如果堅(jiān)定,始終如一和理性,孩子就有可能充滿自信。50.TheancientHopewellpeopleofNorthAmericaprobablycultivatedcornandothercrops,buthuntingandgatheringwerestillofcriticalimportanceintheireconomy.50.北美遠(yuǎn)古的Hopewell們的經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仍是至關(guān)重要的。51.UsingmanysymbolsmakesitpossibletoputalargeamountofinFORMationonasinglemap.51.使用多種多樣的符號(hào)可以在一張地圖里放進(jìn)大量的信息。52.Anarchismisatermdescribingaclusterofdoctrinesandattitudeswhoseprincipalunitingfeatureisthebeliefthatgovernmentisbothharmfulandunnecessary.52.無(wú)政府主義這個(gè)詞描述的是一堆理論和態(tài)度,它們的主要共同點(diǎn)在于相信政府是有害的,沒(méi)有必要的。53.ProbablynomanhadmoreeffectonthedailylivesofmostpeopleintheUntiedStatesthandidHenryFordapioneerinautomobileproduction.53.恐怕沒(méi)有誰(shuí)對(duì)大多數(shù)美國(guó)人的日常生活影響能超過(guò)汽車生產(chǎn)的先驅(qū)亨利福特。54.Theuseofwell-chosennonsensewordsmakespossiblethetestingofmanybasichypothesesinthefieldoflanguagelearning.54.使用精心挑選的無(wú)意義詞匯,可以檢驗(yàn)語(yǔ)言學(xué)科里許多基本的假定。55.Thehistoryofpaintingisafascinatingchainofeventsthatprobablybeganwiththeveryfirstpicturesevermade.55.優(yōu)化歷史是由一連串的迷人事件組成,其源頭大概可以上溯到最早的圖畫。56.Perfectlymatchedpearls,strungintoanecklace,bringafarhigherpricethanthesamepearlstoldindividually.56.相互般配的珍珠,串成一條項(xiàng)鏈,就能賣到比單獨(dú)售出好得多的價(jià)錢。57.Duringtheeighteenthcentury,LittleTurtlewaschiefoftheMiamitribewhoseterritorybecamewhatisnowIndianaandOhio.57.十八世紀(jì)時(shí),"小烏龜是邁阿密部落的酋長(zhǎng),該部落的地盤就是今天的印第安那州和俄亥俄州。58.Amongalmostsevenhundredspeciesofbamboo,somearefullygrownatlessthanafoothigh,whileotherscangrowthreefeetintwenty-fourhours.58.在竹子的近七百個(gè)品種中,有的全長(zhǎng)成還不到一英尺,有的卻能在二十四小時(shí)內(nèi)長(zhǎng)出三英尺。59.Beforestaringonaseavoyage,prudentnavigatorslearntheseacharts,studythesailingdirections,andmemorizelighthouselocationstopreparethemselvesforanyconditionstheymightencounter.59.謹(jǐn)慎的航海員在出航前,會(huì)研究航向,記錄的燈塔的位置,以便對(duì)各種可能出現(xiàn)的情況做到有備無(wú)患。60.Ofalltheeconomicallyimportantplants,palmshavebeentheleaststudied.60.在所有的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物中,棕櫚樹得到的研究最少。61.Buyersandsellersshouldbeawareofnewdevelopmentsintechnologycananddoesaffectmarketingactivities.61.購(gòu)買者和銷售者都應(yīng)該留意技術(shù)的新發(fā)展,原因很簡(jiǎn)單,因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)能夠并且已經(jīng)影響著營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)。62.Theapplicationofelectroniccontrolsmadepossiblebythemicroprocessorandcomputerstoragehavemultipliedtheusesofthemoderntypewriter.62.電腦儲(chǔ)存和由于電子微處理機(jī)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的電控運(yùn)用成倍的增加了現(xiàn)代打字機(jī)的功能。63.Thehumanskeletonconsistsofmorethantwohundredbonesboundtogetherbytoughandrelativelyinelasticconnectivetissuescalledligaments.63.人類骨骼有二百多塊骨頭組成,住些骨頭石油堅(jiān)韌而相對(duì)缺乏彈性的,被稱為韌帶的結(jié)蒂組連在一起。64.Thepigmentationofapearlisinfluencedbythetypeofoysterinwhichitdevelopsandbythedepth,temperature,andthesaltcontentofthewaterinwhichtheoysterlives.64.珍珠的色澤受到作為其母體牡蠣種類及牡蠣生活水域的深度,溫度和含鹽度的制約。65.Althoughmockingbirdssuperblymimicthesongsandcallsofmanybirds,theycannonethelessbequicklyidentifiedasmockingbirdsbycertainauralclues.65.盡管模仿鳥學(xué)很多種鳥的鳴叫聲惟妙惟肖,但人類還是能夠依其聲音上的線索很快識(shí)別它們。66.Notonlycanwalkingfishliveoutofwater,buttheycanalsotravelshortdistancesoverland.66.鲇魚不僅可以離開水存活,還可以在岸上短距離移動(dòng)。67.Scientistsdonotknowwhydinosaursbecameextinct,butsometheoriespostulatethatchangersingeography,climate,andsealevelswereresponsible.67.科學(xué)家不知道恐龍為何絕種了,但是一些理論推斷是地理,氣候和海平面的變化造成的。68.Thescienceofhorticulture,inwhichtheprimaryconcernsaremaximumyieldandsuperiorquality,utilizesinFORMationderivedfromothersciences.68.主要目的在于豐富和優(yōu)質(zhì)的農(nóng)藝學(xué)利用了其他科學(xué)的知識(shí)。69.Snowaidsfarmersbykeepingheartinthelowergroundlevels,therebysavingtheseedsfromfreezing.69.雪對(duì)農(nóng)民是一種幫助,因?yàn)樗3值貙油寥赖臏囟?,使種子不致凍死。70.Eventhoughtheprecisequalitiesofheroinliterarywordsmayvaryovertime,thebasicexemplaryfunctionoftheheroseemstoremainconstant.70.歷代文學(xué)作品中的英雄本色雖各有千秋,但其昭世功力卻是恒古不變的。71.Peopleinprehistorictimescreatedpaintsbygrindingmaterialssuchasplantsandclayintopowerandthenaddingwater.71.史前的人們制造顏料是將植物和泥土等原料磨成粉末,然后加水。72.Oftenveryannoyingweeds,goldenrodscrowdoutlesshardyplantsandactashoststomanyinsectpests.72.黃菊花通常令人生厭,它擠走不那么頑強(qiáng)的植物,并找來(lái)很多害蟲。73.Startingaround7000B.C.,andforthenextfourthousandyears,muchoftheNorthernHemisphereexperiencedtemperatureswarmerthanatpresent.73.大約從公元前七千年開始,在四千年當(dāng)中,北半球的溫度比現(xiàn)在高。74.WhenHenryFordfirstsoughtfinancialbackingformakingcars,theverynotionoffarmersandclerksowningautomobileswasconsideredridiculous.74.當(dāng)亨利福特最初制造汽車為尋求資金支持時(shí),農(nóng)民和一般職員也能擁有汽車的想法被認(rèn)為是可笑的。75.Thoughoncequitelarge,thepopulationofthebaldeagleacrossNorthAmericahasdrasticallydeclinedinthepastfortyyears.75.76.Thebeaverchewsdowntreestogetfoodandmaterialwithwhichtobuilditshome.76.水獺啃倒樹木,以便取食物并獲得造窩的材料。77.Poodleswereonceusedasretrieversinduckhunting,buttheAmericanKennelClubdoesnotconsiderthemsportingdogsbecausetheyarenowprimarilykeptaspets.77.長(zhǎng)卷毛狗曾被用作獵鴨時(shí)叼回獵物的獵犬,但是美國(guó)KennelClub卻不承認(rèn)它們?yōu)楂C犬,因?yàn)樗鼈儸F(xiàn)在大多數(shù)作為寵物飼養(yǎng)。78.Asaresultofwhatisnowknowinphysicsandchemistry,scientistshavebeenabletomakeimportantdiscoveriesinbiologyandmedicine.78.物理學(xué)和化學(xué)的一個(gè)成果是使得科學(xué)家們能在生物學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)上獲得重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。79.ThepracticeofmakingexcellentfilmsbasedonratherobscurenovelshasbeengoingonsolongintheUnitedStatesastoconstituteatradition.79.根據(jù)默默無(wú)聞的小說(shuō)制作優(yōu)秀影片在美國(guó)由來(lái)已久,已經(jīng)成為傳統(tǒng)。80.Sincetheconsumerconsidersthebestfruittobethatwhichisthemostattractive,thegrowermustprovideproductsthatsatisfythediscerningeye.80.因?yàn)轭櫩驼J(rèn)為最好的水果應(yīng)該看起來(lái)也是最漂亮的,所以種植者必須提供能滿足挑剔眼光的產(chǎn)品。81.Televisionthemostpervasiveandpersuasiveofmoderntechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth,ismovingintoanewera,aneraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatility,whichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.81.電視,這項(xiàng)從迅速變化和成長(zhǎng)為標(biāo)志的最普及和最有影響力的現(xiàn)代技術(shù),正82.Televisionismorethanjustanelectronics;itisameansofexpression_r_r_r_r,aswellasavehicleforcommunication,andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings.82.電視不僅僅是一件電器;它是表達(dá)的手段和交流的載體并因此成為聯(lián)系他人的有力工具。83.Evenmoreshockingisthefactthatthenumberandrateofimprisonmenthavemorethandoubledoverthepasttwentyyears,andrecidivism------thatistherateforre-arrest------ismorethan60percent.83.更讓人吃驚的事實(shí)是監(jiān)禁的數(shù)目和比例在過(guò)去的二十年中翻了一番還有余,以及累犯率——即再次拘押的比例——為百分之六十強(qiáng)。84.HisteachingbeganattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,butWilliamRaineyHarperluredhimtothenewuniversityofChicago,whereheremainedofficiallyforexactlyagenerationandwherehisstudentsinadvancedcompositionfoundhimterrifyinglyfrigidintheclassroombutsympatheticandunderstandingintheirpersonalconferences.84.他的教書生涯始于麻省理工學(xué)院,但是WilliamRaineyHarper把他吸引到了課上的學(xué)生覺(jué)得他在課上古板得可怕,但私下交流卻富有同情和理解。85.Theslothpayssuchlittleattentiontoitspersonalhygienethatgreenalgaegrowonitscoarsehairandcommunitiesofaparasiticmothliveinthedepthsofitscoatproducingcaterpillarswhichgrazeonitsmouldyhair.Itsmusclesaresuchthatitisquitsincapableofmovingataspeedofoverakilometeranhourevenovertheshortestdistancesandtheswiftestmovementitcanmakeisasweepofitshookedarm.85.樹獺即不講究衛(wèi)生,以至于它粗糙的毛發(fā)上生出綠苔,成群的寄生蛾生長(zhǎng)在曲的胳膊。86.Artificialflowersareusedforscientificaswellasfordecorativepurposes.Theyaremadefromavarietyofmaterials,suchaswayandglass,soskillfullythattheycanscarcelybedistinguishedfromnaturalflowers.86.人造花卉即可用于科學(xué)目的,也可用于裝飾目的,它們可以用各種各樣的材料制成,臂如蠟和玻璃;其制作如此精巧,幾乎可以以假亂真。87.ThreeyearsofresearchatanabandonedcoalmineinArgonne,Illinois,haveresultedinfindingsthatscientistsbelievecanhelpreclaimthousandsofminedisposalsitesthatscarthecoal-richregionsoftheUnitedStates.87.在伊利諾州Angonne信這些成果可以幫助改造把美國(guó)產(chǎn)煤區(qū)弄得傷痕累累的數(shù)千個(gè)舊煤場(chǎng)。88.Whenthepersuadingandtheplanningforthewesternrailroadshadfinallybeencompleted,thereallychallengingtaskremained:thedangerous,sweaty,backbreaking,brawlingbusinessofactuallybuildingthelines.88.即危險(xiǎn),吃力,需要傷筋動(dòng)骨和吵吵嚷嚷的建造這些鐵路的實(shí)際工作。89.Becauseofthespacecrunch,theArtMuseumhasbecomeincreasinglycautiousinconsideringacquisitionsanddonationsofart,insomecasespassingupopportunitiestostrengtheniscollections.89.由于空間不足,藝術(shù)博物館在考慮購(gòu)買和接受捐贈(zèng)的藝術(shù)品是越來(lái)越慎重,有些情況下放棄其進(jìn)一步改善收藏的機(jī)會(huì)。90.TheUnitedStatesConstitutionrequiresthatPresidentbeanatural-borncitizen,thirty-fiveyearsofageorolder,whohaslivedintheUnitedStatesforaminimumoffourteenyears.90.美國(guó)憲法要求總統(tǒng)是生于美國(guó)本土的公民,三十五歲以上,并且在美國(guó)居住了至少十四年。91.AridregionsinthesouthwesternUnitedStateshavebecomeincreasinglyinvitingplaygroundsforthegrowingnumberofrecreationseekerswhoownvehiclessuchasmotorcyclesorpoweredtrailbikesandindulgeinhill-climbingcontestsorincavingnewtrailsinthedesert.91.美國(guó)西部的不毛之地正成為玩耍的地方,對(duì)越來(lái)越多擁有摩托車或越野單車的吸引力。92.Stonedoesdecay,andsotoolsoflongagohaveremainedwheneventhebonesofthemanwhomadethemhavedisappearedwithouttrace.92.石頭不會(huì)腐爛,所以以前的石器工具能保存下來(lái),雖然它們的制造者已經(jīng)消失的無(wú)影無(wú)蹤。93.Insectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld;theywoulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandherds,ifitwerenotfortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eatinganimals.93.昆蟲就將會(huì)使我們無(wú)法在這個(gè)世界上居?。蝗绻覀儧](méi)有受到以昆蟲為食的動(dòng)物的保護(hù),昆蟲就會(huì)吞嚼掉我們所有的莊稼并殺死我們飼養(yǎng)的禽獸。94.Itistruethatduringtheirexplorationstheyoftenfaceddifficultiesanddangersofthemostperilousnature,equippedinamannerwhichwouldmakeamodernclimbershudderatthethought,buttheydidnotgooutoftheirwaytocourtsuchexcitement.94.確實(shí),他們?cè)谔诫U(xiǎn)中遇到了極具威脅性的困難和危險(xiǎn),而他們的裝備會(huì)讓一個(gè)現(xiàn)代登山者想一想都會(huì)渾身顫栗。不過(guò)他們并不是刻意去追求刺激的。95.Thereisonlyonedifferencebetweenanoldmanandayoungone:theyoungmanhasagloriousfuturebeforehimandoldonehasasplendidfuturebehindhim:andmaybethatiswheretherubis.95.老人和年輕人之間只有一個(gè)區(qū)別:年輕人的前面有輝煌的未來(lái),老年人燦爛的未來(lái)卻已在它們身后。這也許就是困難之所在。96.Ifindyoungpeopleexciting.Theyhaveanairoffreedom,andtheyhavenotadrearycommitmenttomeanambitionsorlovecomfort.Theyarenotanxioussocialclimbers,andtheyhavenodevotiontomaterialthings.96.我們位年強(qiáng)人振奮。它們帶有自由的氣息,他們不會(huì)為狹隘的野心和貪婪享97.IamalwaysamazedwhenIhearpeoplesayingthatsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenations,andthatifonlythecommonpeoplesoftheworldcouldmeetoneanotheratfootballorcricket,theywouldhavenoinclinationtomeetonthebattlefield.97.每次我聽說(shuō)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)能夠在國(guó)家間建立起友好感情,說(shuō)世界各地的普通人只要能在足球場(chǎng)或板球場(chǎng)上相遇就會(huì)沒(méi)有興趣在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上相遇的話,我都倍感詫異。98.Itisimpossibletosaysimplyforthefunandexercise:assoonasthequestionofprestigearises,assoonasyoufeelthatyouandsomelargerunitwillbedisgracedifyoulose,themostsavagecombativeinstinctsarearound.98.沒(méi)有可能僅僅為了娛樂(lè)或鍛煉而運(yùn)動(dòng):一旦有了問(wèn)題,一旦你覺(jué)得你輸了你和你所屬團(tuán)體會(huì)有失體面時(shí),你最野蠻的好斗本能就會(huì)被激發(fā)出來(lái)。99.Ithasbeenfoundthatcertainbatsemitsqueaksandbyreceivingtheechoes,theycanlocateandsteerclearofobstacles------orlocateflyinginsectsonwhichtheyfeed.Thisecho-locationinbatsisoftencomparedwithradar,theprincipleofwhichissimilar.99.人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),某些蝙蝠發(fā)出尖叫聲并靠接受回響來(lái)鎖定和避免障礙物——的雷達(dá)相比。100.Asthetimeandcostofmakingaclipdroptoafewdaysandafewhundreddollars,engineersmaysoonbefreetolettheirimaginationssoarwithoutbeingpenalizedbyexpensivefailure.100.任他們的想象馳騁而不會(huì)被昂貴的失敗所懲罰。英語(yǔ)連讀規(guī)則“連讀”在英語(yǔ)中叫WordConnections,借用法語(yǔ)的詞匯時(shí)叫Liaison,讀音為[li'eizn]——查字典再去讀它,免得搞錯(cuò),比如debut['deibju:]連讀的意義重要途徑——語(yǔ)調(diào)的正確,比發(fā)音的準(zhǔn)確還要重要。因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)調(diào)涉及的內(nèi)容太多,而且很難用文字來(lái)描述,所以在這里只講連讀。文字去反駁,讀者們請(qǐng)自行決定是否要閱讀或者離開。一個(gè)例子些變化,請(qǐng)仔細(xì)分辨:書寫英語(yǔ):TheytellmethatI?measiertounderstand.口語(yǔ)連讀:theytellmethedaimeasierder-undersdand連讀的分類英語(yǔ)中的連讀主要有四種:1)輔音+元音的連讀(Consonant+Vowel)2)輔音+輔音的連讀3)元音+元音的連讀4)T,D,S或Z+Y的連讀1.輔音+元音的連讀一般來(lái)說(shuō)中國(guó)人比較熟悉這種連讀——頭,于是就很自然地連起來(lái)了,比如:Mynameis…[mynay?miz]becauseI?ve.[b'k'z?iv]pickupontheAmericanintonation…[pi?k?panthe(y)?mer'k?nin?nash?n]不只是句子中,讀字母縮寫也可以連讀:LA[eh?Lay]讀數(shù)字時(shí)也可以連讀:9025050[nai?no?toofai?vo?fai?vo]再來(lái)幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單例子:holdon[holdon]turnover[turnover]tellherImissher[tellerImisser]演。2.輔音+輔音的連讀這個(gè)很難用文字描述,放到最后再講。3.元音+元音的連讀如果前一個(gè)詞是由元音[u][u]后面加上一個(gè)輔音[w]如果前一個(gè)詞是由元音[i]后面加上一個(gè)輔音[y]只說(shuō)規(guī)則似乎有點(diǎn)不好理解,看例子就明白了。Goaway.[Go(w)away]在電影BigFishCarlw很明顯。再來(lái)看一個(gè)例子:Ialsoneedtheotherone.[I(y)alsoneedthee(y)otherone]這種連讀不能把輔音w或者j的話又會(huì)很難念得順口。goanywhere[go(w)anywhere]sohonest[so(w)honest]throughour[through(w)our]youare[you(w)are]heis[he(y)is]doI?[do(w)I?]Iasked[I(y)asked]toopen[to(w)open]shealways[she(y)always]toooften[too(w)often]4.T,D,S或Z+Y的連讀如果前面的單詞是以T/D/S/Z結(jié)尾,后面的單詞是以Y開頭(一般是you這個(gè)詞),那么有如下的連讀規(guī)則可以使用。4.1.T+Y=CHWhat?syourname?[w?chername]Can?tyoudoit?[k?ntchewdo(w)it]Actually[?k·chully]Don?tyoulikeit?[dontchewlyekit]Wouldn?tyou?[woodenchew]Haven?tyou?[h?venchew]No,notyet.[nou,n?chet]I?llletyouknow.[I'llletchaknow]CanIgetyouadrink?[k'n?igetchew?drink]Wethoughtyouweren?tcoming.[weth?chewwrntk?ming]I?llbetyoutenbucksheforgot.[?lbetcha
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