2019版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)（北京專用）檢測第三部分書面表達(dá)附錄

附錄高中完形填空常考詞匯辨析一、動詞類1.拿/放take拿走bring拿來hold舉著put放lay鋪/放置pull拉/push推fetch拿來lift舉carry扛、背2.抓seize抓住grasp握住scratch擦,刮takeholdof抓著3.扔throw扔wave招手shake搖drop掉下fall倒下,無意掉下來4.送send寄送deliver遞送give給offer主動給予seeoff給某人送行5.摸/抱touch摸fold折疊hug抱hold握embrace擁抱6.踢/碰kick踢knock敲tip輕敲7.打hit打、擊blow吹、刮attack攻擊beat敲打strike突然地?fù)舸?突然想到8.找/查find找到lookfor尋找findout查明discover/explore發(fā)現(xiàn)/探索9.得get以某種方法或手段得到某種東西obtain通過努力工作、奮力或請求而得到所需的東西acquire經(jīng)過漫長的努力過程而逐漸獲得知識和技能gain通過努力或有意識行動而獲得某種有益或有利的東西possess占有,擁有10.失lose丟失gone某物不見die死亡dieoff相繼死去dieaway逐漸消失belost/bemissing人錯過;失蹤,不見11.有have有own擁有conquer征服occupy=possess占有12.無nothingleft空無一物,蕩然無存theremainingthing剩下的事情/事物disappear消失bemissing/gone失蹤,找不到13.增/減rise上升;增加raise舉起;抬高bringdown降低increase增加drop降低;下降;減少reduce減少、降低,主語是使減少的外力decrease減少、下降,主語是減少的東西14.存在/消失comeintobeing形成,成立exist存在;生存appear出現(xiàn)survive幸存live活著showup出現(xiàn)disappear消失die死亡turnup出其不意地或經(jīng)長久等待后出現(xiàn);到來,露面dieout消亡;滅絕passaway消磨掉;人去世beoutofsight看不見,在視野之外15.變化develop發(fā)展improve提高become變?yōu)?成為grow生長turn+color顏色變化change改變changeinto使變?yōu)閞eform變革;改革go+bad/wrong/sour變壞/誤入歧途/變糟16.認(rèn)識的過程feel感覺;覺得applyto采用guess猜suppose假設(shè)wonder想知道doubt懷疑know了解learn學(xué)習(xí)realize意識到understand理解remember記得befamiliarwith熟悉recall回憶recite背誦;詳述sense感覺到;覺察到;意識到17.贊美/批評praise贊揚;稱贊thinkhighlyof高度評價blamesb.forsth./sb.istoblame因某事責(zé)怪某人/某人理應(yīng)受責(zé)備criticize/scoldsb.forsth.因某事批評/責(zé)罵某人havealowopinionofsb.瞧不起某人speakillofsb.說某人的壞話18.喜/惡like喜歡love愛befondof喜愛bekeenon喜愛becrazyabout對……瘋狂adore愛慕;崇拜beinto對……深感興趣prefer更喜歡enjoy享受;喜愛infavorof贊成;支持dislike不喜歡hate恨beawful令人討厭的,糟糕的ignore忽視disgusting令人厭惡的turnoff喪失興趣19.判斷think認(rèn)為believe相信consider認(rèn)為;看待find發(fā)覺feel感覺conclude推斷infer暗示doubt懷疑20.成功/失敗succeed取得成功makeprogress取得進(jìn)步win贏得lose輸?shù)鬴ailtodo未能做到某事defeat擊敗;戰(zhàn)勝suffer遭受,經(jīng)受beat打;猛擊cometrue實現(xiàn),成真,主語為物realizeone’sdream實現(xiàn)夢想,主語為人makeit在某一特定的活動中取得成功oreality將某事變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實21.看look看的動作/see看的結(jié)果look觀察/observe為了研究而進(jìn)行的觀察notice注意/catchsightof看見stare好奇地看/glare瞪著看glance瞅見/glimpse瞥見seeafilm看電影/watchTV看電視22.說tellsth.tosb.=tellsb.sth.強(qiáng)調(diào)告訴的內(nèi)容talkwithsb.aboutsth.強(qiáng)調(diào)說話者之間的交流whispersth.tosb.尤指耳語informsb.ofsth.通知某人某事reason/talk/odoingsth.說服某人做某事saysth.跟訴說的內(nèi)容speakinEnglish用英語說bargain討價還價chat聊天repeat重復(fù)explain解釋warn警告remind提醒discuss討論debate辯論figure指出declare宣布claim自稱mention提起admit承認(rèn)deny否決describe描述announce公布introduce介紹complain抱怨23.叫cry哭call叫shout大喊scream尖叫moan呻吟sigh嘆氣quarrel大吵24.問ask詢問interview采訪express表達(dá)question審問25.答answer回答respond回應(yīng)reply回復(fù)26.聽listento聽的動作hear聽的結(jié)果pickup收聽overhear無意聽到27.寫dictate聽寫write寫describe描寫dropaline寫信takedown/writedown寫下,記下draw畫28.行walk走climb爬;攀登run跑jump跳skip單腿跳slip滑動come/go來/去enter進(jìn)入move搬遷drive開車ride騎fly飛crawl匍匐前進(jìn)29.坐sitdown坐下beseated坐下,就座takeaseat坐下lean斜靠seatoneself就座;入席30.睡/休息lieonone’sback/onone’sside/onone’sstomach躺下/側(cè)躺/趴stayinbed躺在床上,臥床休息havearest休息一會兒takeanap打盹beasleep睡著bend彎曲turnover翻身rest休息31.笑smile不出聲地微笑laugh笑burstintolaughter突然大笑burstoutlaughing放聲大笑32.哭cry哭shedtears流淚weep嗚咽地哭sob抽泣burstintotears/burstoutcrying突然哭起來33.穿puton穿的動作wear穿戴haveon試穿bedressedin穿的狀態(tài)makeup化妝getchanged換衣服beinred穿著紅色衣服takeoff脫下remove去除34.吃/喝eat/drink吃/喝sip吮吸haveameal吃飯havesupper吃晚餐toast干杯;祝酒taste動詞嘗;品嘗treatsb.to請某人吃helponeselfto隨便吃35.買/賣buy較傾向于個人買東西36.努力try設(shè)法或試圖做某事manage經(jīng)過努力和克服困難之后將某事做成makeefforts做出努力attempt試圖;嘗試doone’sbest盡某人最大的努力doasmuchasonecando盡某人所能37.祝賀congratulationsonsb./sth.祝賀某人/某事celebrate慶祝某項活動observe慶祝(節(jié)日)gettogether聚會38.支持/反對agree同意disagree不同意accept接受receive接收refuse拒絕turndown拒絕beagainst反對elect選舉votefor/against投票贊成/反對39.建議advise/suggest建議recommend推薦urge敦促propose提議demand要求persuade說服40.控告accusesb.of...以……罪名指控某人chargesb.withsth.因為某事而控告某人41.敬佩admire欽佩;羨慕respect尊重adore愛慕;崇拜envy/bejealous嫉妒showrespectfor對……表示尊重inhonorof為了向……表示敬意42.追求pursue繼續(xù)進(jìn)行,追求runafter因為愛慕而追求seekafter尋求,追求chase追捕;追求catchupwith趕上keepupwith跟上43.想/考慮thinkof思考thinkof...as...把……看成……thinkabout思索consider考慮thinkover認(rèn)真考慮beconcerned擔(dān)心44.受傷cut指無意中造成的輕傷kill殺死drown淹死,(使)溺水而死bleed出血,流血getburnt燒傷sufferaloss遭受損失hurt既可指肉體上的傷害,也可指精神上、感情上的傷害injure主要指意外事故中損害健康、容貌等,強(qiáng)調(diào)功能的損失wound指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷sufferfrom指患某種病,受某種病痛折磨45.損壞damage常指程度較小的“破壞”“損壞”,一般指被破壞的物品可以重新修復(fù)destroy常指徹底的、不能或很難修復(fù)的“破壞”“毀壞”,程度較深ruin指徹底毀掉46.修復(fù)repair修理;修補(bǔ)rebuild重建restore使恢復(fù)fix修理;維修r(nóng)ecoveroneself恢復(fù)健康,復(fù)原47.做飯cook烹調(diào)wash洗cut切chop砍boil煮fry煎steam蒸make做mix(使)混合,拌和uncover打開蓋子cooker炊具48.花費sth./doingsth.+cost(s)某事/做某事花費……sb.+spend(s)+...+indoingsth.某人花……做某事sb.+afford(s)+sth./todosth.某人負(fù)擔(dān)得起買某物/做某事It+takes+sb.sometime/money/energy+todosth.做某事花費了某人……時間/錢/精力sb.+pay+somemoneyforsth.atone’sexpense某人犧牲代價為某物付了……錢49.省/存錢save節(jié)約saveup儲蓄setaside留出錢備用putaway存錢sparenoeffort不遺余力50.救治help幫助helpout幫一把;分擔(dān)……工作save/rescuesb.fromsth.把某人從某事中解救出來treatsb.forsth.治療某人的某病癥,強(qiáng)調(diào)過程curesb.ofsth.治愈某人的疾病,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果aidsb.in/with(doing)sth.幫助某人做某事helpsb.withsth.幫助某人做某事assistsb.indoingsth.協(xié)助某人做某事51.參加takepartin表示“參加”,強(qiáng)調(diào)參加某項活動并在其中發(fā)揮一定的作用join表示“參加,加入”,常指加入某組織并成為其中的一員joinin表示“參加活動”,著重指“介入”attend一般指出席會議competein參加……而競爭competefor為奪取……而競爭competeagainst與……抗?fàn)?2.逃避ranaway逃跑escapefrom逃避;逃出flee逃離;逃走h(yuǎn)ide隱藏;躲避53.阻止/禁止prevent/keep/stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事forbiddoingsth.禁止做某事ban明令禁止;取締prohibit禁止,不允許54.對付/處理handle/dowith/dealwith/tacklesth.處理某事overcomesth.克服某事settle解決,結(jié)束爭論55.效仿copy模仿;效法imitate模仿;仿效learnfrom向……學(xué)習(xí)learn學(xué)習(xí)56.爆發(fā)/發(fā)生comeabout發(fā)生takeplace發(fā)生,舉行breakout爆發(fā)burstout突然發(fā)生happento發(fā)生在……身上;碰巧gooff發(fā)生explosion感情的迸發(fā),突然發(fā)作57.打算open開放;使?fàn)I業(yè)start開辦,創(chuàng)辦setup創(chuàng)建,建立close暫停營業(yè)closeup歇業(yè)end終止;結(jié)束closedown停業(yè),停產(chǎn)58.打算plan/intend/designtodosth.計劃做某事begoingtodo/beabouttodo/willdosth.將要做某事59.似乎/好像seem好像,仿佛appear好像,似乎looklike看起來與某人或某物相像asif/though好像,似乎,仿佛二、名詞類1.假期vacation假期holiday假期,休假日springbreak春假askforleave請假beonholiday度假havetwodaysoff請兩天假2.旅游trip指往返定時的短途旅行,如出差度假等journey指在陸地上或海上、空中進(jìn)行的長途旅行,不知終點,含有辛苦的意思tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,強(qiáng)調(diào)瀏覽多處,常用來指觀光等travel多指長期或長途的觀光旅行,尤其指到國外,沒有明確目的地,也可用作不可數(shù)名詞,指“旅行”這一行為gocamping/picnicking/hiking去野營/野餐/遠(yuǎn)足voyage旅行,尤指航海旅行tourist游客passenger乘客3.職務(wù)人員clerk文書;書記員secretary秘書passer-by過路人friend朋友minister部長,大臣manager經(jīng)理waitress女服務(wù)員guest客人host主人hostess女主人assistant助手customer顧客adult成年人neighbor鄰居relative親戚patient病人vet獸醫(yī)staff全體工作人員nurse護(hù)士teacher教師tailor裁縫sailor水手;船員inventor發(fā)明家;創(chuàng)造者gardener園丁crew全體船員;全體乘務(wù)員guard警衛(wèi);護(hù)衛(wèi)隊conductor樂隊指揮員;售票員4.餐館/訂餐/就餐inn小旅館,客棧restaurant飯店kitchen廚房menu菜單bill賬單order訂餐tip小費forkandknife刀叉reserve/booktable預(yù)訂餐桌tastedelicious味道鮮美salad色拉dish盤;碟;碗vegetable蔬菜fruit水果tray托盤;淺盤napkin餐巾紙5.診所/看病/服藥clinic診所hospital醫(yī)院takemedicine/pills吃藥doctor醫(yī)生physician內(nèi)科醫(yī)生surgeon外科醫(yī)生specialist專家patient病人takeone’stemperature給某人量體溫haveafever/flu/headache發(fā)燒/得流感/頭疼6.車站/機(jī)場airport機(jī)場catchatrain趕火車meetsb.接某人onboard在船/火車/飛機(jī)/汽車上missthetrain/bus錯過火車/公交車7.身體部位arm胳膊head頭hair頭發(fā)brain大腦waist腰back背shoulder肩pulse脈搏wrist手腕8.意志will意志力courage勇氣patience耐心faith信念effort努力determination決心energy活力confidence信心ambition雄心壯志9.才能/品質(zhì)talent天資;天賦gift天才;才能ability能力potential潛力intelligent(adj.)聰明的promising(adj.)有前途的smart(adj.)機(jī)靈的stupid(adj.)愚蠢的careful(adj.)細(xì)心的proud(adj.)自豪的strict(adj.)嚴(yán)格的honest(adj.)誠實的cold(adj.)冷淡的;無情的serious(adj.)嚴(yán)肅的easy-going(adj.)隨和的learned(adj.)博學(xué)的knowledgeable(adj.)知識淵博的10.優(yōu)缺點advantage優(yōu)勢disadvantage劣勢strength優(yōu)點,長處weakness弱點,缺點11.目標(biāo)aim目的,目標(biāo)goal目標(biāo),目的intention意圖,目的purpose目的belief信念;堅定的看法faith相信;信任12.方式manner做法;方式approach方法;途徑means手段method方法way方式13.身體素質(zhì)strong(adj.)強(qiáng)壯的weak(adj.)虛弱的pale(adj.)蒼白無力的sick/ill(adj.)生病的bewell身體狀況好cutweight減肥keepslim身材苗條putonweight增加體重14.圖表photo照片picture圖片graph圖表drawing素描畫;圖畫table表,表格bargraph條形圖piechart餅狀圖drawasketch畫草圖15.文章reading讀物translation譯文essay散文poem詩歌paper論文novel/fiction小說article文章magazine雜志newspaper報紙journal日記diary日記files文件form表格makealistof列出……的清單16.課堂class班級course課程lecture講座example示例reason原因message信息notes筆記vocabulary詞匯phrase短語degree學(xué)位question問題scholarship獎學(xué)金trouble麻煩difficulty困難subject學(xué)科,科目grade等級read閱讀comment評論mark分?jǐn)?shù)17.學(xué)?；顒觤atch比賽game游戲activity活動holdameeting/debate/speech/ceremony舉行會議/辯論賽/演講/儀式18.建議/觀點advice建議suggestion建議idea觀點proposal提議view觀點recommendation建議,提議19.氣候/天氣climate氣候weather天氣storm暴風(fēng)雨wind風(fēng)cloud云rain雨snow雪hot/cold/freezing/heat/warmth熱/冷/嚴(yán)寒/高溫/溫和20.交通bytrain/bus/boat/bike坐火車/公交車/輪船/自行車onthetrain/bus/abike在火車/公交車/自行車上driveacar開車rideabike騎自行車givesb.alift/ride讓某人搭車21.習(xí)慣habit習(xí)慣custom習(xí)俗getusedto習(xí)慣于regular(adj.)有規(guī)律的practice慣例22.感覺sight視覺hearing聽覺touch觸覺smell嗅覺sense感官23.情感feeling感情emotion情緒anger生氣delight高興sadness悲傷,憂愁sorrow悲痛;悔恨24.財富money錢possession[常pl.]財產(chǎn)wealth財富belongings隨身財物fortune大筆的錢,巨款treasure金銀財寶diamond鉆石berich/well-off富裕的25.運動比賽pitch球場event賽事game游戲match比賽coach教練sportsplayer運動員judge裁判jogging慢跑weightlifting舉重intheplayground在操場上onthetrackandfield在田徑場上playvolleyball/soccer打排球/踢足球26.衣服clothes統(tǒng)指各種衣服,謂語動詞永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù)cloth指布,為不可數(shù)名詞clothing服裝的總稱,指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof修飾27.事件incident指小事件accident指不幸的事故三、形容詞、副詞類1.人的各種感受樂happy,delighted,toone’sjoy,pleased,amused悲sad,unhappy,painful,bitter平靜calm,quiet,silent,still,peaceful煩bother(v.&n.),bored,befedupwith震驚surprised,astonished,shocked,amazed怕infear,befrightened/scared/afraid失望desperate,disappointed,hopeless,bedepressed滿意besatisfiedwith,becontenttodo生氣annoyed,angry,disgusting,burstintorage2.表程度的副詞類narrowly/nearly/almost幾乎hardly幾乎不extremely/ve