人教版高中英語必修課文

必修1第一單元

ANNE3BESTFREND

Doyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto,likeyourdeepest

feelingsandthoughts?Orareyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughatyou,or

wouldnotunderstandwhatyouaregoingthrough?AnneFrankwantedthefirstkind,

soshemadeherdiaryherbestfriend.

AnnelivedinAmsterdamintheNetherlandsduringWorldWarII.Herfamily

wasJewishsoshehadtohideortheywouldbecaughtbytheGermanNazis.Sheand

herfamilyhiddenawayfortwoyearsbeforetheywerediscovered.Duringthattime

theonlytruefriendwasherdiary.Shesaid,"Idon'twanttosetdownaseriesoffacts

inadiaryasmostpeopledo,butIwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend,andIshall

callmyfriendKitty."NowreadhowshefeltafterbeinginthehidingplacesinceJuly

1942.

Thursday15,June,1944

Dearkitty,

Iwonderifit'sbecauseIhaven'tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatPve

grownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.Icanwellrememberthatthere

wasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscould

neverhavekeptmespellbound.That'schangedsinceIwashere.

Forexample,whenitwassowarm,Istayedawakeonpurposeuntilhalfpast

elevenoneeveninginordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonforoncebymyself.But

asthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn'tdareopenawindow.Anothertimesome

monthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsoneeveningwhenthewindowwasopen.I

didn'tgodownstairsuntilthewindowhadtobeshut.Thedark,rainyevening,the

wind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower;itwasthefirsttimeina

yearandahalfthatPdseenthenightfacetoface...

Sadly...Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshangingbefore

verydustywindows.It'snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenature

isonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.

Yours,

Anne

Readingandlistening讀與聽

1)ReadtheletterthatLisawrotetoMissWangofRadioforTeenagersand

predictwhatMissWangwillsay.Afterlistening,checkanddiscussheradvice.

DearMissWang,

Iamhavingsometroublewithmyclassmatesatthemoment.I'mgettingalong

wellwithaboyinmyclass.Weoftendohomeworktogetherandweenjoyhelping

eachother.Wehavebecomereallygoodfriends.Butotherstudentshavestarted

gossiping.TheysaythatthisboyandIhavefalleninlove.Thishasmademeangry.I

don'twanttoendthefriendship,butIhateothersgossiping.WhatshouldIdo?

Yours,

Lisa

1讀讀琳達為青少年寫給電臺王小組的這封信，然后王小姐可能會怎么說。

聽完錄音之后，核對并討論她的建議。

親愛的王小姐：

現(xiàn)在我同班上的同學(xué)有些麻煩事。我跟我們班里的一位男同學(xué)一直相處的很好。

我們常常一起做家庭作業(yè)，而且很樂意互相幫助。我們成了真正好朋友。可是,

其他同學(xué)卻在背后議論起來，他們說我和這位男同學(xué)在談戀愛，這使我很生氣。

我不想中斷這段友誼，但是，我又討厭人家背后說閑話。我該怎么辦呢？

你的莉薩

Readingandwriting

MissWanghasreceivedaletterfromXiaodong.Heisalsoaskingforsomeadvice.

ReadtheletterontherightcarefullyandhelpMissWanganswerit.

王小姐收到小冬的一封來信。小冬是要征求一些意見。仔細閱讀右邊的信，然

后幫王小姐回復(fù)。

DearMissWang,

I'mastudentfromHuzhouSeniorHighSchool.Ihaveaproblem.I'mnotvery

goodatcommunicatingwithpeople.AlthoughItrytotalktomyclassmates,Istill

findithardtomakegoodfriendswiththem.SoIfeelquitelonelysometimes.Ido

wanttochangethissituation,butIdon'tknowhow.Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould

givemesomeadvice.

Yours,

Xiaodong

親愛的王小姐：

我是湖州高中的一名學(xué)生，我有一個難題，我不大善于與人們交際。雖然我

試著和班上的同學(xué)交談，但是，我還是很難跟他們成為好朋友。因此，有時候

我感到十分的孤獨。我確實想改變這種現(xiàn)狀，但是我卻不知道怎么辦。如果您

能給我提些建議，我會非常感謝的。

你的小東

2Decidewhicharethebestideasandputthemintoanorder.Thenwritedownyour

adviceandexplainhowitwillhelp.Eachideacanmakeoneparagraph.The

followingsampleandtheexpressionsmayhelpyou

DearXiaodong,

I'msorryyouarehavingtroubleinmakingfriends.However,thesituationiseasy

tochangeifyoufollowmyadvice.Herearesometipstohelpyou.

First,whynot...?

Ifyoudothis,...

Secondly,youcould/can...

Then/Thatway,...

Thirdly,itwouldbeagoodideaif...

Bydoingthis,...

Ihopeyouwillfindtheseideasuseful.

Yours

MissWang

2決定哪些是最好并把它們按順序組織起來。然后把你的建議寫出來，并解

釋它為什么會有所幫助。每個想法可以自成一個段落。下面的例子和表達可能

對你有所幫助。

親愛的小冬：

很遺憾聽說你在交朋友的過程中遇到了困難。但是，如果你聽聽我的建議，這

種情況是很容易改變的。這些建議會對你有所幫助。

第一，為什么不……呢？

如果你這樣做……

第二，你可以……

這樣的話……

第三，如果……那將是個不錯的主意。

通過做……

我希望你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這些想法對你有所幫助。

你的王小姐

LEARNINGTIP學(xué)習(xí)建議

It'sagoodhabitforyoutokeepadiary.Itcanhelpyourememberpastevents.You

canexpressyourfeelingsandthoughtsinit.ItwillhelpyouimproveyourEnglishif

youwriteyourdiaryinEnglish.Whynothaveatry?

寫日記對你來說是一個好習(xí)慣。它可以幫你記住一些過去發(fā)生的事件。你還可

以在日記中表達你的情感和思想。如果你用英語寫日記的話，還可以幫助你提

高英語水平。為什么不試一試呢？

第二單元

Reading

THEROADTOMODERNENGLISH

Attheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.

NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEngland

madevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegan

tobespokeninmanyothercountries.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,

secondorforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.

通向現(xiàn)代英語之路

在16世紀(jì)末，大約有五至七百萬人講英語。兒乎所有這些講英語的人都住

在英格蘭。在其后的一個世紀(jì)中，英格蘭人為征服世界航海到了世界其他一些

地方，結(jié)果世界的其他地方的人們也開始說英語了。今天，把英語作為自己的

第一語言、第二語言或外語來使用的人比以往任何時候都多。

NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthe

samekindofEnglish.Lookatthisexample:

BritishBetty:Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?

AmericanAmy:Yes,I'dliketocomeuptoyourapartment.

以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所講不是同一種英語，他們也能彼此聽懂。

請看看這個例子：

英國人貝蒂：來看看我的公寓嗎？

美國人艾米：好的，我來看看你的公寓吧。

SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime?Actuallyalllanguageschangeand

developwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.AtfirsttheEnglish

spokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromthe

Englishspokentoday.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakat

present.ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD800and1150,Englishbecamelesslike

GermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokenfirstDanishandlaterFrench.

ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary.Soby

the1600'sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.

In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysome

BritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninboth

countries.

那么，隨著時間的推移英語為什么發(fā)生了變化呢？實際上，當(dāng)不同文化相

互交流滲透時，所有的語言都會有所發(fā)展和變化。開始，英格蘭人在大約公元

450年到1150年之間所說的英語與我們今天所說的英語很不一樣。當(dāng)時的英語

更多的是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的，不像我們現(xiàn)在說的英語。后來，大約在公元800年

至1150年之間，英語慢慢變得不那么像德語，因為統(tǒng)治英格蘭的那些人開始是

說丹麥語，后來說法語。這些新來的定居者豐富了英語語言，尤其是豐富了英

語詞匯。所以到17世紀(jì)初的時候，莎士比亞能夠得以使用比以往任何時候都豐

富的詞匯。1620年一些英國定居者來到了美洲，后來到了18世紀(jì)的時候，一些

英國人還被帶到了澳大利亞。英語也就開始在這兩個國家使用。

Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled.Atthattimetwobig

changesinEnglishspellinghappened:firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryand

laterNoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.The

lattergaveaseparateidentitytoAmericanEnglishspelling.

最后到19世紀(jì)的時候，英語這種語言就變得穩(wěn)定了。當(dāng)時，英語的拼寫

發(fā)生了兩個很大的變化：先是塞繆爾?約翰遜編寫了他的英語詞典，后是諾亞?韋

伯斯特出版了《美國英語詞典》。后者使得美式英語的拼寫有了其獨特的個性。

EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.For

example,IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritain

ruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguagefor

governmentandeducation.EnglishisalsospokeninSingaporeandMalaysiaand

countriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.Todaythenumberofpeoplelearning

EnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.Infact,Chinamayhavethelargestnumberof

Englishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity?Onlytimewilltell.

現(xiàn)在英語在南亞地區(qū)也被作為外語或第二語言使用。比如，印度就有很多

人說英語說得很流利，因為在1765年到1947年之間英國統(tǒng)治著印度。在此期

間，英語成了印度政府和教育所用的語言。在新加坡和馬來西亞以及像非洲的

南非，人們現(xiàn)在也說英語。當(dāng)今，在中國學(xué)英語的人數(shù)正在快速增加，事實上，

中國可能是學(xué)英語人數(shù)最多的國家。中國式英語是否也能發(fā)展成一種具有自己

獨特個性的語言？這還有待時間去證明。

STANDARDENGLISHANDDIALECTS

WhatisstandardEnglish?IsitspokeninBritain,theUS,Canada,Australia,

IndiaandNewZealand?Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.

ManypeoplebelievetheEnglishspokenonTVandtheradioisstandardEnglish.

Thisisbecauseintheearlydaysofradio,thosewhoreportedthenewswereexpected

tospeakexcellentEnglish.However,onTVandtheradioyouwillheardifferencesin

thewaypeoplespeak.

Whenpeopleusewordsandexpressionsdifferentform''standardlanguage"，itis

calledadialect.AmericanEnglishhasmanydialects,especiallythemidwestern,

southern,AfricanAmericanandSpanishdialects.EveninsomepartsoftheUSA,

twopeoplefromneighbouringtownsspeakalittledifferently.AmericanEnglishhas

somanydialectsbecausepeoplehavecomefromallovertheworld.

Geographyalsoplaysapartinmakingdialects.Somepeoplewholiveinthe

mountainsoftheeasternUSAspeakwithanolderkindofEnglishdialect.When

Americansmovedformoneplacetoanother,theytooktheirdialectswiththem.So

peoplefromthemountainsinthesoutheasternUSAspeakwithalmostthesame

dialectaspeopleinthenorthwesternUSA.TheUSAisalargecountryinwhich

manydifferentdialectsarespoken.AlthoughmanyAmericansmovealot,theystill

recognizeandunderstandeachother'sdialects.

什么是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語？是在英國、美國、加拿大、澳大利亞、印度、新西蘭所

說的英語嗎？信不信由你，（世界上）沒有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語。許多人認(rèn)為，電視和

收音機里所說的英語就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語，這是因為在早期的電臺節(jié)目里，人們期望

新聞播音員所說的英語是最好的英語。然而，在電視和收音機里，你也會聽出

人們在說話時的差異。

當(dāng)人們使用不同于“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語言”的詞語和表達時,那就叫做方言。美國英

語有許多方言，特別是中西部地區(qū)和南部地區(qū)的方言，以及美國黑人和西班牙

人的方言。即使在美國有些地區(qū)，兩個相鄰城鎮(zhèn)的人所說的方言也可能稍有不

同。美國英語之所以有這么多的方言是因為美國人是來自世界各地的緣故。

地理位置對方言的形成也有所影響。住在美國東部山區(qū)的一些人說著比較古老

的英語方言。當(dāng)美國人從一個地方搬到另一個地方時，他們也就把他們的方言

隨著帶去了。因此，美國東南部山區(qū)的人同美國西北部的人所說的方言就幾乎

相同。美國是一個大國，有著許許多多彼此不同的方言。雖然許多美國人經(jīng)常

搬家，但是他們?nèi)匀荒軌虮鎰e和理解彼此的方言。

Readingandspeaking讀與說

1AmyandherAmericanfriendsarevisitingLondon.TheyplantovisitAmy's

auntanddecidetogotherebyunderground,butcannotfindthenearestunderground

station.Sosheasksdirectionsandthentellsherfriends.Readthedialogueandcircle

thewordsthatmeanthesame.

1艾米和她的美國朋友正在參觀倫敦。她們計劃去拜訪艾米的姑媽，并決定

乘地鐵去，但是她們找不到最近的地鐵站。所以她問問了路，然后告訴她的朋

友。讀對話，然后圈出意思相同的詞。

AMY:Excuseme,Ma'ma.Couldyoutellmewherethenearestsubwaysis?

LADY:Er...theunderground?Well,goroundthecorneronyourleft-handside,

straightonandcrosstwostreets.It'llbeonyourright-handside.

AMY:Thankssomuch.

FRIENDS:Whatdidshesay,Amy?

AMY:Shetoldustogoaroundthecornerontheleftandkeepgoingstraightfortwo

blocks.Thesubwaywillbeonourright.

艾米：對不起，夫人，你能告訴我去最近的地鐵站怎么走嗎？

夫人：呃……地鐵？哦，往左邊拐過去，一直往前走，走過兩條街，地鐵就是

右邊。

艾米：多謝了。

朋友：艾米，她說什么？

艾米：她叫我們往左邊拐過去，一直往前走，走過兩條街，地鐵就是右邊。

【意思相同的詞】

subway---*underground（地鐵）

right-handside>right（右邊）

street*--*block街道，街區(qū)

第三單元

Traveljournal

JOURNEYDOWNTHEMEKONG

PART1THEDREAMANDTHEPLAN

MynameisWangKun.Eversincemiddleschool,mysisterWangWeiandI

havedreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip.Twoyearsagosheboughtanexpensive

mountainbikeandthenshepersuadedmetobuyone.Lastyear,shevisitedour

cousins,DaoWeiandYuHangattheircollegeinKunming.TheyareDaiandgrew

upinwesternYunnanProvinceneartheLancangRiver,theChinesepartoftheriver

thatiscalledtheMekongRiverinothercountries.WangWeisoongotthem

interestedincyclingtoo.Aftergraduatingfromcollege.wefinallygotthechanceto

takeabiketrip.Iaskedmysister,"Wherearewegoing?"Itwasmysisterwhofirst

hadtheideatocyclealongtheentireMekongRiverfromwhereitbeginstowhereit

ends.Nowsheisplanningourscheduleforthetrip.

Iamfondofmysisterbutshehasoneseriousshortcoming.Shecanbereally

stubborn.Althoughshedidn'tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,sheinsistedthat

sheorganizethetripproperly.Now,Iknowthattheproperwayisalwaysherway.I

keptaskingher,"Whenareweleavingandwhenarewecomingback?"Iaskedher

whethershehadlookedatamapyet.Ofcourse,shehadn't;mysisterdoesn'tcare

aboutdetails.SoItoldherthatthesourceoftheMekongisinQinghaiProvince.She

gavemeadeterminedlook-thekindthatsaidshewouldnotchangehermind.When

Itoldherthatourjourneywouldbeginatanaltitudeofmorethan5,000metres,she

seemedtobeexcitedaboutit.WhenItoldhertheairwouldbehardtobreatheandit

wouldbeverycold,shesaiditwouldbeaninterestingexperience.Iknowmysister

well.Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.Finally,Ihadtogivein.

Severalmonthsbeforeourtrip,WangWeiandIwenttothelibrary.Wefounda

largeatlaswithgoodmapsthatshoweddetailsofworldgeography.Fromtheatlaswe

couldseethattheMekongRiverbeginsinaglacieronaTibetanmountain.Atfirst

theriverissmallandthewaterisclearandcold.Thenitbeginstomovequickly.It

becomesrapidsasitpassesthroughdeepvalleys,travellingacrosswesternYunnan

Province.Sometimestheriverbecomesawaterfallandenterswidevalleys.Wewere

bothsurprisedtolearnthathalfoftheriverisinChina.AfteritleavesChinaandthe

highaltitude,theMekongbecomeswide,brownandwarm.AsitentersSoutheast

Asia,itspaceslows.Itmakeswidebendsormeandersthroughlowvalleystothe

plainswherericegrows.Atlast,theriverdeltaenterstheSouthChinaSea.

沿湄公河而下的旅行

第一部分夢想與計劃

我的名字叫王坤。從高中起，我姐姐和我就一直夢想作一次偉大的自行車

旅行。兩年前，她買了一輛價錢昂貴的山地自行車，然后她還說服我也買了一

輛。去年她去看望了我們的表兄弟一在昆明讀大學(xué)的刀偉和宇航。他們是傣族

人，在云南省西部靠近瀾滄江的地方長大，湄公河在中國境內(nèi)的這一段叫瀾滄

江，流經(jīng)其他國家后就叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也對騎車旅行產(chǎn)生了興

趣。到大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，我們終于有了作一次騎車旅行的機會。我問姐姐：“我們要

去哪里？”首先想到要沿湄公河從源頭到終點騎車旅行的是我的姐姐。現(xiàn)在，

她正為這次旅行制訂計劃。

我很喜歡我姐姐，但是她有一個嚴(yán)重的缺點，她有時確實很固執(zhí)。盡管她

對到某些地方的最佳路線并不清楚，她卻堅持要把這次旅行安排的盡善盡美。

現(xiàn)在我知道了這個盡善盡美的方式總是她的方式。我老是問她：“我們什么時候

動身？什么時候回來？"我問她是否已經(jīng)看過地圖。當(dāng)然她并沒有看過，我的

姐姐是不會考慮細節(jié)的。于是我告訴她湄公河的源頭在青海省。她給了我一個

堅定的眼神一這種眼神表明她是不會改變主意的。當(dāng)我告訴她我們的旅行將從

5000多米的的高地出發(fā)時，她似乎顯得很興奮。當(dāng)我告訴她那里空氣稀薄，呼

吸會很困難，而且天氣會很冷時，她卻說這將是一次很有趣的經(jīng)歷。我非常了

解我的姐姐，她一旦下了決心，就什么也不能使她改變。最后，我只好讓步了。

在我們旅行前的幾個月，王薇和我去了圖書館。我們找到了一本大型的地

圖冊，里面有一些世界地理的明細圖。我們從圖上可以看到，湄公河源于西藏

一座山上的冰川。起初，河很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它開始快速流動。它

穿過深谷時就變成了急流。流經(jīng)云南西部。有時，這條河形成瀑布進入寬闊的

峽谷。我們驚奇的發(fā)現(xiàn)這條河有一半是在中國境內(nèi)。當(dāng)流出中國，流出高地后，

湄公河就變寬，變暖了。河水也變成了黃褐色。而當(dāng)它進入東南亞以后，流速

減慢，河水變寬慢慢地穿過低谷，到了長著稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲

的各支流流入中國南海。

Readinganddiscussing

JOURNEYDOWNTHEMEKONG

PART2ANIGHTINTHEMOUNTAINS

Althoughitwasautumn,thesnowwasalreadybeginningtofallinTibet.Our

legsweresoheavyandcoldthattheyfeltlikeblocksofice.Haveyoueverseen

snowmenridebicycles?That'swhatwelookedlike!Alongthewaychildrendressed

inlongwoolcoatsstoppedtolookatus.Inthelateafternoonwefounditwassocold

thatourwaterbottlesfroze.However,thelakesshonelikeglassinthesettingsunand

lookedwonderful.WangWeirodeinfrontofmeasusual.SheisveryreliableandI

knewIdidn'tneedtoencourageher.Toclimbthemountainswashardworkbutaswe

lookedaroundus,weweresurprisedbytheview.Weseemedtobeabletoseefor

miles.Atonepointweweresohighthatwefoundourselvescyclingthroughclouds.

Thenwebegangoingdownthehills.Itwasgreatfunespeciallyasitgradually

becamemuchwarmer.Inthevalleyscolorfulbutterfliesflewaroundusandwe

sawmanyyaksandsheepeatinggreengrass.Atthispointwehadtochangeourcaps,

coats,glovesandtrousersforT-shirtsandshorts.

Intheearlyeveningwealwaysstoptomakecamp.Weputupourtentandthen

weeat.AftersupperWangWeiputherheaddownonherpillowandwenttosleepbut

Istayedawake.Atmidnighttheskybecameclearerandthestarsgrewbrighter.Itwas

soquiet.Therewasalmostnowind-onlytheflamesofourfireforcompany.AsIlay

beneaththestarsIthoughtabouthowfarwehadalreadytravelled.

WewillreachDaliinYunnanProvincesoon,whereourcousinsDaoWeiandYu

Hangwilljoinus.Wecanhardlywaittoseethem!

Unit4Earthquakes

ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN'TSLEEP

StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastHebei.Forthree

daysthewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.Farmersnoticedthat

thewellwallshaddeepcracksinthem.Asmellygascameoutofthecracks.Inthe

farmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.Miceranoutof

thefieldslookingforplacestohide.Fishjumpedoutoftheirbowlsandponds.At

about3:00amonJuly28,1976,somepeoplesawbrightlightsinthesky.Thesoundof

planescouldbeheardoutsidethecityofTangshanevenwhennoplaneswereinthe

sky.Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst,buttheone

millionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthat

night.

At3:42ameverythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!

Elevenkilometersdirectlybelowthecitythegreatestearthquakeofthe20thcentury

hadbegun.ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichismorethantwohundredkilometersaway.

One-thirdofthenationfeltit.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirty

metreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.Steamburstfromholesinthe

ground.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdir.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecity

layinruins.Thesufferingofthepeoplewasextreme.Two-thirdsofthemdiedor

wereleftwithoutparents.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreached

morethan400,000.

Buthowcouldthesurvivorsbelieveitwasnatural?Everywheretheylookednearly

everythingwasdestroyed.Allofthecity'shospitals,75%ofitsfactoriesandbuildings

and90%ofitshomesweregone.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves.

Nowind,however,couldblowthemaway.Twodamsfellandmostofthebridges

alsofellorwerenotsafefortravelling.Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesof

steel.lensofthousandsofcowswouldnevergivemilkagain.Halfamillionoigsand

millionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.People

wereshocked.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrong

asthefirstoneshookTangshan.Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrapped

undertheruins.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardto

get.peoplebegabtowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.

Allhopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldiersto

Tangshantohelptherescueworkers.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewere

helped.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythe

dead.Tothenorthofthecity,mostofthe10,000minerswererescuedfromthecoal

minesthere.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeen

destroyed.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybutrain,truckandplane.Slowly,thecity

begantobreatheagain.

OfficeoftheCityGovernment

Tangshan,Hebei

China

July5,2007

Dear,

Congratulations!Wearepleasedtotellyouthatyouhavewonthehighschool

speakingcompetitionaboutnewTangshan.Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffive

judges,allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.Yourparentsandyour

schoolshouldbeveryproudofyou!

Nextmonththecitywillopenanewparktohonourthosewhodiedintheterrible

disaster.Theparkwillalsohonourthosewhohelpedthesurvivors.Ourofficewould

liketohaveyouspeaktotheparkvistorsonJuly28at11:00am.Asyouknow,thisis

thedaythequakehappenedthirty-yearsago.

Weinviteyoutobringyourfamilyandfriendsonthatspecialday.

Sincerely,

ZhangSha

Unit5Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero

ELIAS'STORY

MynameisElias.IamapoorblackworkerinSouthAfrica.ThetimewhenIfirst

metNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.Iwastwelveyearsold.It

wasin1952andMandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.He

offeredguidancetopoorblackpeopleontheirlegalproblems.Hewasgenerouswith

histime,forwhichIwasgrateful.

1neededhishelpbecause1hadverylittleeducation.Ibeganschoolatsix.Theschool

whereIstudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.Ihadtoleavebecause

myfamilycouldnotcontinuetopaytheschoolfeesandthebusfare.Icouldnotread

orwritewell.Aftertryinghard,Igotajobinagoldmine.However,thiswasatime

whenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.SadlyIdidnothaveit

becauseIwasnotbornthere,andIworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutof

work.

ThedaywhenNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.Hetoldmyhow

togetthecorrectpaperssoIcouldstayinJohannesburg.1becamemorehopeful

aboutmyfuture.IneverforgothowkindMandelawas.WhenheorganizedtheANC

YouthLeague,IjoineditassoonasIcould.Hesaid:

“Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsand

progress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatalL^^

Itwasthetruth.Blackpeoplecouldnotvoteorchoosetheirleaders.Theycouldnot

getthejobstheywanted.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedby

whitepeople.Theplacesoutsidethetownswheretheyweresenttolivewerethe

poorestpartsofSouthAfrica.Noonecouldgrowfoodthere.InfactasNelson

Mandelasaid:

”???wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewereless

importantorfightthegovernment.Wechosetoattackthelaws.Wefirstbrokethe

lawinawaywhichwaspeaceful;whenthiswasnotallowed...onlythendidwe

decidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.

Asamatteroffact,Idonotlikeviolence...butin1963Ihelpedhimblowupsome

governmentbuildings.ItwasverydangerousbecauseifIwascaughtIcouldbeput

inprison.ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdream

ofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.

THERESTOFELIAS'STORY

YoucannotimaginehowthenameofRobbenIslandmadeusafraid.Itwasaprison

fromwhichnooneescaped.ThereIspentthehardesttimeofmylife.ButwhenIgot

thereNelsomMandelawasalsothereandhehelpedme.MrMandelabeganaschool

forthoseofuswhohadlittlelearning.Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandthe

eveningswhenweshouldhavebeenasleep.Wereadbooksunderourblanketsand

usedanythingwecouldfindtomakecandlestoseethewords.Ibecameagood

student.IwantedtostudyformydegreebutIwasnotallowedtodothat.Later,Mr

Mandelaallowedtheprisonguardstojoinus.Hesaidtheyshouldnotbestopped

fromstudyingfortheirdegrees.Theywerenotclevererthanme,buttheydidpass

theirexams.SoIknweIcouldgetadegreetoo.Thatmademefeelgoodabout

myself.

WhenIfinishedthefouryearsinprison,Iwenttofindajob.SinceIwasbetter

educated,Igotajobworkinginanoffice.However,thepolicefoundoutandtoldmy

bossthatIhadbeeninprinsonforblowingupgovernmentbuildings.SoIlostmyjob.

IdidnotworkagainfortwentyyearsuntilMrMandelaandtheANCcametopower

in1994.Allthattimemywifeandchildrenhadtobegforgoodandhelpfrom

relativesorfriends.LuckilyMrMandelarememberedmeandgavemeajobtaking

touristsaroundmyoldprisononRobbenIslannd.IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoa

group.Alltheterrorandfearofthattimecamebacktome.1rememberedthe

beatingsandthecrueltyoftheguardsandmyfriendswhohaddied.IfeltIwouldnot

beabletodoit,butmyfamilyencouragedme.Theysaidthatthejobandthepay

fromthenewSouthAfricangovernmentweremyrewardafterworkingallmylifefor

equalrightsfortheBlacks.Sonowat51Iamproudtoshowvisitorsovertheprison,

forIhelpedtomakeourpeoplefreeintheirownland.

必修2unitl

INSEARCHOFTHEAMBERROOM

FrederickWilliamI,theKingofPrussia,couldneverhaveimaginedthathis

greatestgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.Thisgiftwas

theAmberRoom,whichwasgiventhisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwere

usedtomakeit.Theamberwhichwasselectedhadabeautifulyellow-browncolour

likehoney.Thedesignoftheroomwasinthefancystylepopularinthosedays.It

wasalsoatreasuredecoratedwithgoldandjewels,whichtookthecountry'sbest

artistsabouttenyearstomake.

Infact,theroomwasnotmadetobeagift.Itwasdesignedforthepalaceof

FrederickI.However,thenextKingofPrussia,FrederickWilliamI,towhom

theamberroombelonged,decidednottokeepit.In1716hegaveittoPetertheGreat.

Inreturn,theCzarsenthimatroopofhisbestsoldiers.SotheAmberRoombecause

partoftheCzar'swinterpalaceinStPetersburg.Aboutfourmetreslong,theroom

servedasasmallreceptionhallforimportantvisitors.

Later,CatherineIIhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalaceoutsideStPetersburg

whereshespenthersummers.Shetoldherartiststoaddmoredetailstoit.In1770

theroomwascompletedthewayshewanted.Almostsixhundredcandleslitthe

room,anditsmirrorsandpicturesshonelikegold.Sadly,althoughtheAmberRoom

wasconsideredoneofthewondersoftheworld,itisnowmissing.

InSeptember1941,theNaziarmywasnearStPetersburg.Thiswasatimewhenthe

twocountrieswereatwar.BeforetheNaziscouldgettothesummerpalace,the

RussianswereabletoremovesomefurnitureandsmallartobjectsfromtheAmber

Room.However,someoftheNazissecretlystoletheroomitself.Inlessthantwo

days100,000pieceswereputinsidetwenty-sevenwooodenboxs.Thereisnodoubt

thattheboxswerethenputonatrainforKonigsberg,whichwasatthattimea

GermancityontheBalticSea.Afterthat,whathappenedtotheAmberRoom

remainsamystery.

Recently,theRussiansandGermanshavebuiltanewAmberRoomatthesummer

palace.BystudyingoldphotosoftheformerAmberRoom,theyhavemadethenew

onelookliketheoldone.In2003itwasreadyforthepeopleofStPetersburgwhen

theycelebratedthe300thbirthdayoftheircity.

AFACTORANOPINION?

Whatisafact?Isitsomethingthatpeoplebelieve?No.Afactisanythingthatcanbe

proved.Forexample,itcanbeprovedthatChinahasmorepeoplethananyother

countryintheworld.Thisisafact.

Thenwhatisanopinion?Anopinioniswhatsomeonebelievesistruebuthasnot

beenproved.Soanopinionisnotgoodevidenceinatrial.Forexample,itisan

opinionifyousay“Catsarebetterpetsthandogs".Itmaybetrue,butitisdifficultto

prove.Somepeoplemaynotagreewiththisopinionbuttheyalsocannotprovethat

theyareright.

I