(全)高考英語語法真題詳解-介詞和介詞短語

高考英語語法真題詳解-介詞和介詞短語［感悟高考］單句語法填空/單句改錯.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeattheirhands.（2016?全國田，50）.MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbackmydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.（2016?全國A,65）.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it'sonlyanhourawaycarandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.（2015?全國A,66）.NowIamleavinghometocollege.（2016?全國田，短文改錯）.Whiletheychatted,myfatherwouldliftmysisterandmeuptositinthetopofthefridge.（2016?浙江，短文改錯）答案l.with2.to3.by4.to-for5.in-on［考點清單］考點一常見介詞的用法1.表示時間的介詞at,on,in和for規(guī)則?at表示某個時間點、時刻等，例如：atmidnight,atdawn/daybreak,atsunrise/sunset，atdusk等。規(guī)則?on表示在具體的日子或具體某一天的上午、下午或晚上。例如：onOctoberthefirst，onarainyday，onChristmasEve，ontheafternoonofhisarrival等。規(guī)則?in表示在某段較長的時間內(nèi)（如：世紀、朝代、年代、月份）或泛指上午、下午和傍晚等。inthe1980's/1980s，intheQingDynasty，inOctober，inthemorning/afternoon/evening等。規(guī)則?for后跟“時間段”表示某行為或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久，可與現(xiàn)在完成時、過去時或?qū)頃r連用。havelivedinthiscityformorethan10years.我在這座城市住了10多年了。.表示交通方式的介詞by,in和on規(guī)則?不涉及交通工具的名詞時用by，名詞前不帶冠詞。例如：bysea/water/land/air等。規(guī)則?涉及交通工具的名詞時用by，但名詞需用單數(shù)，其前面不加冠詞和任何修飾語。例如：bybike/pgne/ship/train/spaceship/car等。規(guī)則?當旅行方式涉及特指的交通工具時，用on或in,名詞前應有冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等修飾語。例如：onthisplane，onmybike，inhiscar。.表示方位的across,through和over規(guī)則?across表示“從……的表面穿過”。Hewalkedacrossthesquaretomeetus.他穿過廣場來見我們。規(guī)則?through表示“從……的內(nèi)部穿過”。Theguideledusthroughtheforest.向?qū)ьI(lǐng)著我們穿過森林。規(guī)則?over表示“從……的上面跨過”。Thethiefjumpedoverthefenceandfledaway.賊跳過柵欄逃跑了。.beyond規(guī)則?表示“（時間）過了，比……晚，遲于”。It'sbeyondmidnightnow.Ishestillwatchingthefootballmatch?現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)過了午夜了。他還在看足球賽嗎？規(guī)則?表示〃（位置）在……那一邊，超出……;為……所不及，超出……的范圍”。Beyondtheriverstoodapowerstation.過了這條河就是一個發(fā)電站。Everybodywastouchedbeyondwordsaftertheyheardhermovingstory.聽了她感人的故事，大家都被感動得無以言表。.against規(guī)則?表示〃逆……方向，頂著；靠著，倚靠；碰著，撞擊（表示方向或位置）”。Hestoodwithhisbackagainstthewall.他背靠墻站著。規(guī)則?表示“反對（與for意義相反）；違背”。Othersareagainsttheidea,sayingthatlearningEnglishisuselessandisawasteofenergy.其他人反對這個觀點，他們說學英語沒用，并且浪費精力。規(guī)則?表示“防備，準備”。Someanimalsstorefoodagainstthewinter.有些動物為過冬儲備食物。Theyhavegotpreparedagainstflood.他們已經(jīng)做好了防洪準備。規(guī)則?表示“襯托，相映”。Thehilllooksmorebeautifulagainstthebluesky.在藍天的映襯下，山峰更顯美麗。.with的用法規(guī)則?表示“和……一起，和，同，跟”。Putthisbagwiththeothers.把這個包和其他的包放在一起。規(guī)則?表示“（同時或同一方向）隨著“。Withthevitalexamdrawingnear,IfeltsonervousthatIevencouldn'teatorsleep,thusmakingmeverysleepyinclass.隨著這場重要考試日益臨近，我感到如此緊張以至于吃不下睡不著，因此課堂上無精打采。規(guī)則?表示“具有，帶有”、“由于，因為”或“（表示方式）用"。ThedictionaryiswhatIwant,butIdon'thaveenoughmoneywithme.這本字典正是我想要的，但是我沒帶夠錢。Therewasaproblemwiththeparkingplaceforbikesinour5為。。1.在我們學校自行車存放處有一個長久以來就存在的問題?？键c二常見介詞短語規(guī)則?in+名詞inadvance提前，事先，預先incase如果，萬一incharge主管，掌管，看管，負責inreturn作為回報inturn依次，替換地；相應地，轉(zhuǎn)而invain徒勞，白費力氣的規(guī)則?on+名詞onleave在休假onholiday在度假onstrike罷工onsale出售規(guī)則?beyond+名詞beyondone'spower是某人力不能及的beyondone'sreach夠不著beyonddescription難以形容beyondwords無法用語言形容beyonddoubt無疑；肯定規(guī)則?under+名詞underconstruction在建設(shè)中underconsideration在考慮中underrepair在修理中規(guī)則?at+名詞atwork在上班atlunch在吃午飯atrest在休息attable在吃飯atchurch做禮拜atpeace處于和平狀態(tài)規(guī)則?outof+名詞outofbreath上氣不接下氣地outofbalance失去平衡outoftouch失去聯(lián)系outofdate過時的規(guī)則?in+名詞+ofinfavourof同意，贊成inhonourof為紀念，為慶祝inmemoryof為紀念infaceof面對inneedof需要insearchof尋找inchargeof負責inspiteof盡管incaseof如果，萬一考點三“動詞+介詞”短語規(guī)則?動詞+介詞laughat嘲笑agreeon對……達成協(xié)議lookfor尋找setabout開始做 consistof由 組成devote...to...致力于 referto參考；查閱規(guī)則?動詞+副詞+介詞goinfor愛好；從事putupwith忍受gobackto追溯到……godownto認真做……規(guī)則?動詞+名詞+介詞takeadvantageof禾1」用payattentionto注意makeuseof禾IJ用comeupwith提出giveinto向 讓步規(guī)則?動詞+sb/sth+介詞preventsbfrom…阻止某人做 remindsbof...提醒某人 informsbof通知某人 warnsbof警告某人 ［正誤探究］.【誤】IlikeMr.Miner'sspeech;itwasclearandon__the__point.【正】IlikeMr.Miner'sspeech;itwasclearandto__the__point.【探究】句意：我喜歡Miner先生的講話，既清楚又切中要點。tothepoint意思為“切中要點”。.【誤】Didyoureallyseetheyoungmanhitmybrotherontheface?【正】Didyoureallyseetheyoungmanhitmybrotherintheface?【探究】句意:你真的看見那個年輕人打我弟弟的臉了嗎？“打在臉上”用intheface;“打在鼻子上”用onthenose。［易錯防范］易錯點1思維定勢，誤解語境Doyouthinkthisshirtistootighttheshoulders?誤填to/on答案across［句意：你覺得這件襯衫肩膀的位置太緊了嗎？本題考查介詞的基本用法。acrosstheshoulders指肩寬，兩肩的距離，故填across。］【點撥】此題易用to，因為同學們會受思維定勢影響，誤以為考查too...to結(jié)構(gòu)；也有同學會用on，認為是說“肩膀上”，指具體地點，但此處考查兩肩間的距離。易錯點2受漢語思維影響ThegraduatesaredeterminedtodevotethemselvesChinesespacescience.誤填for答案to［句意：畢業(yè)生們決心獻身于中國太空科學事業(yè)。devoteoneselftodoingsth意為"獻身于……”，這里的to是介詞。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有：payattentionto，getdownto，lookforwardto，makeacontributionto等。］【點撥】易誤用for。受到漢語思維習慣的影響，考生易誤認為是“為了（3表目的）中國的太空科學事業(yè)而奉獻”，卻忽略了與devote固定搭配的介詞只能是to。［針對訓練］I.單句語法填空.Mostofusaremorefocusedourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.（2016?全國口，64）.thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.（2015?全國口，67）.ThentheJohnsonshadtomakealivingacow..Acommonmemorytheyallhavetheirschooldaysistheschooluniform..Thelittlepupiltookhisgrandmathearmandwalkedheracrossthestreet..Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68℃theaverage..Whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenextthewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk..Whilestayinginthevillage,Jamesunselfishlysharedwhateverhehadwiththevillagerswithoutaskingforanythingreturn..Thatyoungmanishonest,cooperative,alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.short,he'sreliable..Thedictionaryisoutdate:manywordshavebeenaddedtothelanguagesinceitwaspublished.答案1.on2.At3.without4.of5.by6.above7.to8.in9.In10.of口.單句改錯（每句僅1處錯誤）.Tonysawatoyonashopwindow..Mysoccercoachretiredinlastweek..Pleasehelpwithmeandgivemesomeadvice..Ifyouhearthealarm,standinlineatthedoorandwaityourteachertoleadyououtside..Nearlyfiveyearsago,andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes（圣女果）inourbackgarden..Ifwecouldshowconcerntoothersonneed,theworldwouldbeabetterplacetolivein..Suddenlyitoccurredtomethathemighthaveleftitinthetaxi.SoIimmediatelygottouchwiththetaxicompany..I'mafraidphysicsiscompletelyagainstmeandIhavetoaskyouforhelp..Iamafraidthemountainwouldbreakdown.Thenextmorningwegotupearlyinordertoseethesunrisefromtheeast..Heisalwayshelpingpeoplewithoutexpectinganythingasreturn.答案1.on-in2.去掉in3.去掉with4.wait后加for5.by-of6.on一in7.got后加in8.against—beyond9.from—in10.as—in印.語篇填空（用適當?shù)慕樵~填空）AsIwalked__1__thecitystreets,Ipassedayoungmansearchingthroughasmallblockoflandthatcontainedamixofleavesandrubbish.Iwassomewhatpuzzledwhysomeone__2__himwouldbesearchingthroughrubbish.Findingthisalittleodd,Iaskedhim,“Whatareyousearching__3__?”Herepliedv