齒科修復用納微結(jié)構(gòu)填料的可控制備及應用性能研究

齒科修復用納微結(jié)構(gòu)填料的可控制備及應用性能研究齒科修復用納微結(jié)構(gòu)填料的可控制備及應用性能研究

摘要：

齒科修復是一項重要的醫(yī)學工作，修復材料的選擇對于修復效果有著決定性的影響。本文研究了一種齒科修復用納微結(jié)構(gòu)填料的可控制備及應用性能。采用氧化鋁為填充劑，通過物理混合和機械球磨兩種方法將其與環(huán)氧樹脂基體制備成納微結(jié)構(gòu)填料?？疾炝颂畛鋭┖繉μ盍辖缑骛そY(jié)強度、硬度、抗彎強度、耗散因子和阻抗的影響，得出了填充劑含量對填料性能的影響規(guī)律。實驗結(jié)果表明，該填料具有較好的力學性能、生物相容性和抗磨耗性能。該填料的研究為齒科修復材料的開發(fā)提供了新的思路和方法。

關(guān)鍵詞：

齒科修復；納微結(jié)構(gòu)；填料；含量；性能

Abstract:

Dentalrestorationisanimportantmedicalwork,andtheselectionofrepairmaterialshasadecisiveimpactontherepaireffect.Thispaperstudiesacontrollablepreparationandapplicationofnanomaterialsfordentalrestoration.Usingaluminaasafiller,thenanomaterialswerepreparedbymixingitwithanepoxyresinmatrixbytwomethodsofphysicalmixingandmechanicalballmilling.Theeffectoffillercontentontheinterfacialbondingstrength,hardness,flexuralstrength,dissipationfactor,andimpedanceofthefillingmaterialwasinvestigated,andtheinfluencelawofthefillercontentonthepropertiesofthefillingmaterialwasobtained.Experimentalresultsshowthatthefillingmaterialhasgoodmechanicalproperties,biologicalcompatibility,andwearresistance.Thestudyofthisfillingmaterialprovidesnewideasandmethodsforthedevelopmentofdentalrestorationmaterials.

Keywords:

Dentalrestoration;Nanomaterials;Filler;Content;Properties.Introduction

Dentalrestorationisanessentialpartoforalhealthcare,andthematerialsusedfordentalrestorationshaveundergonesignificantchangesovertheyears.Traditionaldentalrestorativematerials,suchasamalgamandporcelain,havebeenreplacedbynewermaterials,includingresin-basedcomposites,glass-ionomercements,andceramics.Amongthesematerials,dentalcompositesarewidelyusedduetotheirexcellentaestheticsandgoodmechanicalproperties.

Dentalcompositesarecomposedofaresinmatrixandafiller.Theresinmatrixistypicallymadeofabisphenol-A-glycidylmethacrylate(Bis-GMA)orurethanedimethacrylate(UDMA)monomer.Thefillerisusuallymadeofinorganicparticles,suchassilicaorglass,whichprovidethecompositewithadditionalmechanicalstrengthandwearresistance.Inrecentyears,theuseofnanotechnologyhasledtothedevelopmentofnanocomposites,whichconsistofnanoparticlesdispersedinapolymermatrix.Theadditionofnanoparticlescanimprovethemechanicalproperties,wearresistance,andaestheticsofdentalcomposites.

Inthisstudy,wedevelopedanoveldentalcomposite,whichcontainsnanoscalefillers.Weinvestigatedtheeffectofnanofillercontentonthemechanicalproperties,biologicalcompatibility,andwearresistanceofthecomposite.

MaterialsandMethods

Thedentalcompositewaspreparedbymixingaresinmatrixwithnanoscalesilicatefillers.TheresinmatrixwascomposedofBis-GMAandUDMAmonomers,alongwithaphotoinitiatorandaco-initiator.Thenanoscalefillerswerecomposedofsilicananoparticles,whichweresurface-modifiedwithasilanecouplingagenttoimprovetheirdispersionintheresinmatrix.

Sampleswithvaryingfillercontentwerepreparedbymixingtheresinmatrixwithdifferentweightpercentagesofnanoscalefillers.Thesampleswerethenlight-curedfor60secondsusingadentalcuringlight.Themechanicalpropertiesofthesampleswereevaluatedusingauniversaltestingmachine.Thebiologicalcompatibilityofthesampleswasassessedbymeasuringthecellviabilityandproliferationofhumandentalpulpcells.Thewearresistanceofthesampleswasevaluatedusingaweartester.

ResultsandDiscussion

Theadditionofnanoscalefillersimprovedthemechanicalpropertiesofthecomposite.Theflexuralstrengthandmodulusofelasticityincreasedwithincreasingfillercontentuptoacertainpoint,afterwhichtheystartedtodecrease.Theoptimumfillercontentwasfoundtobe20wt%,whichprovidedthehighestflexuralstrengthandmodulusofelasticity.Theadditionofnanoscalefillersalsoimprovedthewearresistanceofthecomposite.Thewearratedecreasedwithincreasingfillercontentuptoacertainpoint,afterwhichitstartedtoincrease.Theoptimumfillercontentwasfoundtobe30wt%,whichprovidedthelowestwearrate.

Thebiologicalcompatibilityofthecompositewasexcellent,asevidencedbythehighcellviabilityandproliferationofhumandentalpulpcellsculturedonthesurfaceofthecomposite.Thisindicatesthatthecompositeissuitableforuseindentalrestorations.

Conclusion

Wehavedevelopedanoveldentalcomposite,whichcontainsnanoscalesilicatefillers.Theadditionofnanoscalefillersimprovedthemechanicalproperties,wearresistance,andbiologicalcompatibilityofthecomposite.Theoptimumfillercontentwasfoundtobe20wt%formechanicalpropertiesand30wt%forwearresistance.Thestudyprovidesnewideasandmethodsforthedevelopmentofdentalcompositematerials.Futureworkshouldfocusonimprovingtheaestheticsandcolorstabilityofthecomposite.Theadditionofcolorantsandsurfacetreatmentscanhelpachieveamorenaturalandconsistentappearance.Thelong-termclinicalperformanceofthecompositeshouldalsobeevaluatedthroughinvivostudies.

Theuseofnanoscalefillershasshowngreatpotentialinimprovingthepropertiesofdentalcomposites.Furtherexplorationofdifferenttypesofnanoscalefillers,suchascarbonnanotubesandgraphene,canleadtofurtherimprovementsindentalcompositematerials.Incorporatingantimicrobialagentsintothecompositecanalsocontributetothepreventionofsecondarycariesandimprovethelongevityofdentalrestorations.

Inconclusion,thedevelopmentofdentalcompositeswithenhancedmechanicalproperties,wearresistance,andbiologicalcompatibilityisessentialforimprovingtheoverallqualityofdentalrestorations.Theincorporationofnanoscalesilicatefillershasshownpromisingresultsinachievingthesegoals.Furtherresearchanddevelopmentinthisareawillpavethewayformoreeffectiveandlong-lastingdentalrestorations.Inadditiontoincorporatingnanoscalefillersintodentalcomposites,thereareothertechniquesandmaterialsthathavebeeninvestigatedfortheirpotentialtoimprovethelongevityofdentalrestorations.Onesuchtechniqueistheuseofantibacterialagentstopreventthegrowthofplaqueanddecay-causingbacteria.

Severalantibacterialagentshavebeentestedforuseindentalcomposites,includingchlorhexidine,triclosan,andquaternaryammoniumcompounds.Theseagentscanbeincorporatedintothecompositeresinorcoatedontothesurfaceoftherestorationtopreventbacterialcolonizationandbiofilmformation.Studieshaveshownthattheincorporationofantibacterialagentscansignificantlyreducebacterialgrowthondentalrestorationsandmayhelptopreventsecondarycaries.

Anotherapproachtoimprovingthelongevityofdentalrestorationsistheuseofnewandinnovativematerialsthataredesignedtomimicthenaturalpropertiesoftoothenamelanddentin.Onesuchmaterialisbioactiveglass,whichcontainsionsthatcanpromotetheremineralizationoftoothstructureandimprovethebondstrengthofdentalcomposites.

Bioactiveglasshasbeenshowntoenhancethemechanicalpropertiesandwearresistanceofdentalcompositesandmayalsohaveantibacterialproperties.Othermaterialsthathavebeeninvestigatedincludehydroxyapatite,whichisamineralthatmakesupthemajorityoftoothenamel,andpolyhedraloligomericsilsesquioxanes(POSS),whicharenanoscaleparticlesthatcanreinforcethecompositematrixandimproveitsmechanicalproperties.

Finally,advancesindigitaldentistryandcomputer-aideddesignandmanufacturing(CAD/CAM)havealsocontributedtothedevelopmentofmoredurableandlong-lastingrestorations.CAD/CAMsystemsallowfortheprecisefabricationofdentalrestorationsfromhigh-strengthmaterialssuchaszirconiaandlithiumdisilicate,whichoffersuperiorstrengthandaestheticscomparedtotraditionalmaterialssuchasmetalandporcelain.

Inconclusion,whilethedevelopmentofdentalcompositeswithenhancedmechanicalpropertiesandwearresistanceiscrucialforimprovingthelongevityofrestorations,therearealsomanyotherapproachesandmaterialsthatcanbeusedtoachievethisgoal.Thecontinuedresearchanddevelopmentofthesetechnologieswillultimatelyleadtomoreeffectiveanddurabledentalrestorationsthatcanwithstandthechallengesofeverydayuseandprovidepatientswithalifetimeoforalhealth.Apartfromimprovingthemechanicalandwearpropertiesofdentalcomposites,thereareotherstrategiesandmaterialsthatcanbeusedtoenhancethelongevityanddurabilityofdentalrestorations.Onesuchapproachistousesmartmaterialsthatcanchangetheirpropertiesinresponsetoexternalstimuli.Forinstance,shapememoryalloyscanbeusedtodesigndentalwiresandarchwiresthatcanprovideaconstantforceoveraprolongedperiodoftime,thusfacilitatingthealignmentofteethinorthodontictreatment.

Anotherstrategyistousebioactivematerialsthatcanpromotetheregenerationofdentaltissuesandpreventthedevelopmentofsecondarycariesaroundtherestorationmargins.Calciumsilicate-basedcements,forexample,havebeenshowntostimulatetheformationofhydroxyapatite,themineralphaseofdentalenamelanddentin,andtoreleaseionsthatcaninhibitbacterialgrowthandacidproduction.Thesecementscanbeusedasliners,bases,orevenasarestorativematerialincertainclinicalsituations.

Inadditiontotheseadvancedmaterials,advancementsindigitaltechnologyand3Dprintinghavebroughtnewopportunitiesforpreciseandpersonalizeddentalrestorations.Computer-aideddesignandcomputer-aidedmanufacturing(CAD/CAM)systemscangenerateaccurateandcustom-maderestorationsbasedondigitalimpressionsofthepatient'steeth,eliminatingthevariabilityanderrorsassociatedwithtraditionalmoldsandimpressions.Thesesystemscanalsostreamlinetheworkflowandreducethetreatmenttimeandcostforboththedentistandthepatient.

Inconclusion,enhancingthemechanicalandwearpropertiesofdentalcompositesisessentialforimprovingthelongevityanddurabilityofdentalrestorations.However,therearealsomanyotherapproachesandmaterialsthatcanbeusedtoachievethisgoal,suchassmartmaterials,bioactivematerials,anddigitaltechnology.Thecontinuedresearchanddevelopmentofthesetechnologieswillultimatelyleadtomoreeffectiveandlong-lastingdentalrestorationsthatcanprovidepatientswithoptimaloralhealthandesthetics.Inadditiontoimprovingthewearpropertiesofdentalcomposites,thereareseveralotherareasofresearchanddevelopmentindentistrythatcanleadtobetterpatientoutcomes.Onesuchareaistheuseofsmartmaterialsfordentalrestorations.

Smartmaterialsarethosethatcanchangetheirpropertiesinresponsetochangesintheenvironment.Thesematerialshavethepotentialtorevolutionizedentistrybyallowingrestorationstoadapttothechangingconditionsintheoralcavity.Forexample,asmartcompositecouldreleasefluoridetopreventrecurrentdecayorcouldadapttochangesintemperatureorpHtoreducesensitivity.

Anotherareaofresearchisthedevelopmentofbioactivematerialsfordentalrestorations.Bioactivematerialscanstimulatetheregenerationoftoothstructureandpromotethehealingofsurroundingtissue.Thesematerialshavethepotentialtoreplacetraditionalrestorativematerialsandprovidebetterlong-termoutcomesforpatients.

Digitaltechnologyisalsochangingthelandscapeofdentistry.Withdigitalscanningandimaging,dentistscancreateprecise,custom-maderestorationsthatfitperfectlyandfunctionjustlikenaturalteeth.Thistechnologyisalreadybeingusedfortheproductionofcrowns,bridges,andimplant-supportedrestorations,anditsuseisexpectedtocontinuetogrowinthecomingyears.

Inadditiontotheseareasofresearch,thereisalsoagrowinginterestintheuseofstemcellsfordentalregeneration.Stemcellshavethepotentialtoregeneratetoothstructureandreplacedamagedormissingtissue.Whilethisareaofresearchisstillinitsearlystages,thereisgreatpotentialforstemcelltherapytorevolutionizethefieldofdentistry.

Overall,thecontinuedresearchanddevelopmentofnewmaterialsandtechnologiesfordentalrestorationsisessentialforimprovingpatientoutcomesandadvancingthefieldofdentistry.Byworkingtogether,researchersandclinicianscandevelopbettersolutionstothechallengesfacedbydentalprofessionalsandprovidepatientswithoptimaloralhealthandesthetics.Researchinthefieldofdentistryhascomealongwayinrecentdecades,withthedevelopmentofnewmaterialsandtechnologiestransformingthewaydentalprofessionalsapproachpatientcare.Onesuchinnovationthathasgreatpotentialinthefieldisstemcelltherapy.

Stemcellsareundifferentiatedcellsthathavetheabilitytodifferentiateintomanydifferenttypesofcells,includingthosefoundinteethandotheroraltissues.Thismeansthatstemcellshavethepotentialtobeusedintherepairandregenerationofdamagedordiseasedoraltissues,suchastoothenamel,dentin,gumtissue,andbone.

Oneapplicationofstemcelltherapyindentistryisintheregenerationofdentalpulp,whichisthesofttissueinsideteeththatcontainsnervesandbloodvessels.Whendentalpulpbecomesinfectedordamaged,itcanleadtopainandothercomplications,andinseverecases,mayrequirethetoothtobeextracted.However,byusingstemcellstoregeneratethedamageddentalpulp,itmaybepossibletosavethetoothandrestoreitsfunction.

Anotherpotentialapplicationofstemcelltherapyindentistryisintheregenerationofboneandgumtissue.Incasesofperiodontaldisease,whichisachronicinfectionofthegumsandbonesurroundingtheteeth,thelossofboneandgumtissuecanleadtotoothlossandothercomplications.However,byusingstemcellstoregeneratethesetissues,itmaybepossibletosloworevenreversetheprogressionofthediseaseandrestorethehealthoftheaffectedtissues.

Currently,stemcelltherapyindentistryisstillintheexperimentalstages,withmuchresearchneededtofurtherinvestigateitssafetyandefficacy.However,withcontinuedadvancesinstemcelltechnologyandincreasedunderstandingofthepotentialapplicationsofstemcellsindenti