Unit+4+History+and+traditions+詞匯課件-人教版(2019)必修第二冊

授課：希希LanguagePointsHistoryandTraditionsUnit4高中英語必修第二冊搭配：besimilarin在……方面相似bethesameas與……相同bedifferentfrom與……不同bedifferentin在……方面不同

WhydoyouthinkWilliamsaidhishometownwassimilartoQufu?1.besimilarto與…相似___________n.相似性

similarity①Althoughthetwinsarequitedifferent,they_______________eachotherinseveralways.②What____________canyoufindbetweenthem?aresimilartosimilarities2.Achilles’heel希娜神話：阿喀琉斯的腳跟

(比喻)致命的弱點①Angelaisasuperscholar,butspokenEnglishisherAchilles’heel.②Whenhegivesmeadvice,Iamallears.他給我提意見時，我_____________________.③Sorry,I’mallthumbswhenIcook.很抱歉我一做飯就_____________________________.④Mywifeboughtaminkcoatthatcostanarmandaleg.我妻子_____________________買了一件貂皮大衣。笨手笨腳的洗耳恭聽花了一大筆錢典故出自荷馬史詩《伊利亞特》(TheIliad)。特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭中，希臘聯(lián)軍陣營最驍勇善戰(zhàn)的一支軍隊theMyrmidons是由Achilles率領的。Achilles在出生時，他的母親Thetis替他做過特殊處理，因此全身刀槍不入。Thetis是海中女神，天神Zeus和海神Poseidon對她都有意思，可是都不敢要她，因為命運注定她所生的兒子會比父親更厲害。最后她下嫁凡人Peleus國王，生下Achilles之后，抱著他來到Styx河邊來泡水，使他刀槍不入?？墒且驗槭帜笾暮竽_跟沒泡到水，因而成了唯一的弱點。特洛伊城50個王子之首的Hector是維持特洛伊不倒的人物。他雖勇敢，可是最后面對Achilles決戰(zhàn)時，仍被追著繞了城墻好幾圈才敢停下來作戰(zhàn)。在民間戲劇中，往往把Hector描繪為愛吹牛的角色，所以英文中有hectoring一詞表示"大吹大擂"、"說大話"。Achilles于殺死Hector之后，亦被特洛伊城的巴里斯王子(Paris)一箭射中后腳跟而陣亡。后人即以Achilles'heel表示致命傷，最大的弱點。2.Achilles’heel希娜神話：阿喀琉斯的腳跟

(比喻)致命的弱點英語俚語：pullsb.’sleg同某人開玩笑

flyoffthehandle大發(fā)雷霆

overthemoon欣喜若狂laughone’shead（s）off大笑不止，狂笑不已

beallears全神貫注地聽，洗耳恭聽bechild’splay極容易做；輕而易舉

greenfingers園藝技能

laststraw救命稻草anearlybird早起的人

awetblanket掃興的人

aluckydog幸運兒

atoughnut難對付的人fishoutofwater因環(huán)境不熟悉而感到不舒服或尷尬的人3.GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle.puzzleabout/oversth對某事感到迷惑puzzlesthout琢磨出......的答案beinapuzzleaboutsth對某事迷惑不解puzzledadj.感到迷惑的puzzlingadj.令人費解的puzzlementn.迷惑；困惑wordpuzzle字謎1.Thefirstweekwasalittle____________________.2.Heworea

expression,maybetheproblemwasquite__________________.3.Somepeoplearepuzzled________thefactthatheisstillsingle.4._________________（使我困惑的是）isthatIdon’tknowtheexacttimeforthetest.5.Shewaspuzzling

thecauseoftheevents.puzzling/confusingaboutpuzzled／confused3.GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle.puzzling/confusingWhatpuzzlesmepuzzleover仔細琢磨，冥思苦想puzzleout仔細考慮解決難題

overjoin...to...

把......和......連接或聯(lián)絡起來jointo

連接到；聯(lián)結4.Inthe16thcentury,thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.EveryindividualorgroupisjoinedtotheworldbytheInternet.joinin=takepartin=participatein參加joinsbindoingsth和某人一起做某事Allthefamilyjoinmeinwishingyouahappyfuture.4.Inthe16thcentury,thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.單句語法填空（1）Theislandisjoined

themainlandbyabridge.（2）Intheeveningtherewasabarbecue，withthewholevillage

（join）inthefun.（3）Doyouknowhowmanyofthemjoined

theresearchproject?完成句子（4）將一段管子與相鄰的管子連接起來。

onesectionofpipe

thenext.

tojoiningin

Jointo5.Inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK.break短語：breakoff中斷；折斷 breakout突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)breakthrough突破 breakup破碎；分解；解散；（關系）破裂breakdown（機器等）出故障；垮掉；分散；失敗breakin破門而入；打斷，插嘴breakinto破門而入；突然……起來①TheUnionfirstconsistedofseveralcountries,whichbrokeaway________itlaterbecauseofconflicts.②Itwasthefactthathiscarbroke________onthewaythisafternoonthatmadehimlateforthemeeting.③Thefirebroke_____duringtheday,soalmostnoonewasinjured.④—I'msurprisedtohearthatSueandPaulhavebroken________.—SoamI.TheyseemedveryhappytogetherwhenIlastsawthem.⑤Wearrivedatworkinthemorningandfoundthatsomebodyhadbroken________theofficeduringthenight.⑥Startledbythesuddenwhistleofthetrain,thehorse__________(逃脫)．fromdownoutupintobrokeaway6.resultin導致，造成【歸納拓展】resultin導致，造成+結果

resultfrom起因于+原因【學法點撥】多種“導致”：resultin，leadto，bringabout，contributeto，cause單句語法填空（1）Theterribleaccidentresulted

carelessdriving.（2）Theterribleaccidentresults

sixdeaths.（3）Hestudiesveryhard.As

result，henowspeaksbrilliantEnglish.（4）Hehasapreferenceforliteratureasaresult

theinfluencefromhismother.frominaof7.referto...as...把……稱為……TheAmericanIndiansreferredtosaltas“magicwhitesand”.美洲印第安人把鹽稱為“魔力白沙”?！緦W法點撥】“把……看作/稱為”的表達方式還有：treat...as... thinkof...as... regard...as...lookon...as... view...as... consider...as…注意：referto提到，談到；涉及，關于；參考，查閱派生詞：referencen.參考；查閱；參考書目；推薦信單句語法填空（1）Thescientistreferredtothediscovery

themostexcitingnewdevelopmentinthisfield.（2）Whodoyouthinktheteacherisreferring

?（3）Writedownthephonenumberofthatrestaurantforfuture

（refer）.（4）Youshouldreferthismatter

theheadofficeforadecision.toasreferenceto8.belongto屬于;是……的一員eg:Thisbagbelongstohim.

Hebelongstothethirdgroup.belongto無被動，無進行belongingsn.財物eg:Thesehousesareherbelongings.1.Lionsbelong_________thecatfamily.2.Thetourists（游客）lostalltheir_________.(belong)tobelongings9.aswellas同(一樣也);和;還eg:Hegrowsflowersaswellasvegetables.

他既種菜也種花。AaswellasB強調(diào)A，作主語時謂語動詞的數(shù)與A保持一致(就前原則）。有類似用法的還有alongwith，togetherwith，ratherthan，with等1.Mike

hisfamilylikestowatch

movies.2.Amy,

herbrothers

isinChengdunow.

aswell

asaswellas10.defence（n.）防御indefenceof防衛(wèi)inone'sdefence為某人辯護cometoone'sdefence出來保護某人defend...from/against...保護……免受……eg.soldierswhodiedindefenceoftheircountry為保衛(wèi)祖國而獻身的戰(zhàn)士Thearea’sflooddefencesareunderrepair.該地區(qū)的防洪工事正在修理中。練習：（1）Thetownwallswerebuiltasadefence

enemyattacks.（2）Tworescueworkerscametohis

（defend）whentheaccidenthappened.（3）Allthepolicemenhavebeentrainedtodefendthemselves

thesuddenattacks.against

defenceagainst/from11.Youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.adj.surrounding

①

Theteacher_______________________________(被孩子們包圍著)②_____________

(surround)bylovelyChildren,theteacherworeasmileonherface.wassurroundedbylovelyChildren.

[Summary]surround…with….以….包圍….besurroundedwith/by….被….包圍….Surroundedn.surroundings

(復數(shù))環(huán)境12evidencen.證據(jù)，證明搭配：Thereisevidencethat...有證據(jù)表明……giveevidence

（出庭）作證clear/strongevidence

明顯的/充分的證據(jù)medical/scientificevidence

醫(yī)學/科學證據(jù)Atpresentwehavenoevidenceoflifeonotherplanets.目前我們還沒發(fā)現(xiàn)在其他行星上存在生命的證據(jù)?！驹~語積累】evidentadj.清楚的；顯然的Itisevidentthat...很明顯……練習：Enough

（evident）showsthatabalanced

diethelpstoavoidbeingoverweight.

Alltheevidence

（show）thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming

（be）damagingourhealth.evidenceshowsis13.achievementn.

成就；成績；達到achievableadj.可達到的；可實現(xiàn)的

achievevt.實現(xiàn)；達到vi.成功achieveone’ssuccess/goal/dream取得成功/實現(xiàn)目標/實現(xiàn)夢想makeanachievement(indoingsth)(在某方面）取得成就one’sachievementin...某人在某方面的成就asenseofachievement成就感Ittakeshardwork

(achieve)thefinalsuccess.Chinasentupsixmannedspaceshipsandtheywerealsogreatscientific

(achieve)intheworld.toachieveachievements14locationn.地方；地點；位置【詞語積累】（1）locatevt.坐落于；位于；找出……的位置locateBerlinonthemap在地圖上找出柏林的位置（2）locatedadj.處于；位于；坐落在belocatedin=besituatedin=liein位于

（locate）wheretheBeltmeetstheRoad，JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.MountHuang______________________（位于）AnhuiProvince.Locatedislocatedin15battlen.&v.（1）n.戰(zhàn)役；搏斗along/lengthybattle

曠日持久的斗爭 atough/hardbattle

艱難的斗爭fighta...battle

打……的仗 win/loseabattle

打贏/輸?shù)粢粓稣蘟cceptthebattle應戰(zhàn)（2）vi.&vt.搏斗；奮斗Themountainclimbershadtobattle

againstgreatdifficulties.登山隊員不得不與艱難險阻搏斗。Theybattledforfreedom.他們?yōu)樽杂啥鴳?zhàn)。battleagainst與......戰(zhàn)斗battlefor為......而戰(zhàn)斗例如：她曾經(jīng)與癌癥抗爭。Shehadbattledagainstcancer.16keepyoureyesopen（for）留心；留意Keepyoureyesopenforaboyinaredcapandsweater.留意一下一個戴著紅色帽子、穿著紅色毛衣的男孩。keep短語：keepitup堅持干，繼續(xù)苦干 keepup保持；繼續(xù)keepupwith跟上；保持同步；和……保持聯(lián)系keepback阻止；隱瞞 keepaway（from）避免接近（……）keepsb.fromdoing...阻止某人做…… keepoff使……不接近keepon繼續(xù)keepfit保持健康keepone'spromise履行諾言keepintouchwith和......保持聯(lián)系如果留意觀察，你可以了解很多。Ifyou

，youcanlearnagreatdeal.我知道這不容易，但要堅持下去！別放棄！Iknowit’shard，but

!Don’tgiveup!我感覺他隱瞞著某件事。Igotthefeelinghewas

.許多人跟不上技術的發(fā)展。Manypeoplecannot

thedevelopmentoftechnologykeepitupkeepyoureyesopenkeepingsomethingbackkeepupwith01

freeofcharge

17.chargevt.充電；收費，控告

n.收費；指控；主管免費02

inchargeof03

takechargeof0405chargesbforsth負責；主管(介詞詞組)負責；主管(動詞詞組)由…負責；主管因…收某人的費用inthechargeof

06chargesbwithsth

指控某人某事18.ThemanagerannouncedatthemeetingthatTomwasfired.announceVt.宣布；通知；聲稱announcesthtosb

向某人宣告某事Itisannouncedthat...據(jù)宣布......announcementn.通告；宣告makeanannouncement宣布announcern.播音員(1)Itiswisetoannouncethenews

thepublic.(2)The

madean

thatallofthedetailsshould

throughthebroadcast.(announce)(3)It

(announce)thatonlywhenthefirewasundercontrolwouldtheresidentsbepermittedtoreturntotheirhomes.toannouncerannouncementbeannouncedisannounced19.approach（v.）接近（n.）接近theapproachof......的來臨注意：theapproachtodoingsththewaytodo/ofdoingsththemeansofdoingsththemethodof/fordoingsth做某事的方法Withthecollegeentranceexamination

(approach),somestudentsaregettingmoreandmorenervous.

Thetyphoon(approach)toHongKong.approachingapproaching20.ensurevt.保證；確保；擔保（=makesure）單句語法填空（1）Ican’t

（sure）thathewillbethereontime.完成句子（2）Please

（確保）allthewindowsareclosed.Thestormisapproaching.（3）Thepolice’sdutyisto

（確保……的安全）citizens.ensuremakesureensurethesafetyof21generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；豐富的begeneroustosb對某人慷慨Itisgenerousofsbtodosth某人做某事是大方的generosity（n.）慷慨，大方generously（adv.）慷慨地，大方地反義詞：mean小氣的

（你真慷慨）toshareyourfoodwithme，Jack.Thevolunteersareverygenerous

thekids.Itisgenerousofyouto22positionn.位置；姿態(tài)；職位；處境，狀況in/outofposition在/不在適當?shù)奈恢蒙蟨ut/placesbinagoodposition使某人處于有利的位置注意：當position，situation，point，case，stage等表示抽象地點的名詞作先行詞且關系詞在從句中作狀語時，定語從句常用where引導。Theyarenowinabetterpositionwheretheycanbeverysuccessfulthisyear.他們現(xiàn)在處于一個較好的境況中，今年他們可能會很成功。23.eageradj.熱切的;渴望的 beeagerfor...急于得到……beeagertodosth渴望做某事eg:①Sheiseagerformoney.

②Sheiseagertotravel.Shewaseagerto

learn(learn)morewords.

24.haveaninfluence/effect/impactonsb對某人有影響翻譯：計算機對現(xiàn)代生活產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。Thecomputer