謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞

專攻解題方法與技巧謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞1.時(shí)態(tài)或語態(tài)已成為語篇型填空的必考內(nèi)容。高考卷語篇型填空以對時(shí)態(tài)的考查為主,以對語態(tài)的考查為輔。對于時(shí)態(tài)的考查主要集中在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等常見時(shí)態(tài)。此外,在考查時(shí)態(tài)的同時(shí)還會(huì)考查主謂一致問題。主謂一致主要考查主語為第三人稱單數(shù),在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞應(yīng)加“-s”,be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用is;一般過去時(shí)中,be動(dòng)詞用was或were。2.短文改錯(cuò)主要考查:①時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的錯(cuò)用;②過去分詞與過去式的混用;③一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,主語為單數(shù)第三人稱時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞需加“-s”的用法。3.對于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣的考查主要體現(xiàn)在短文改錯(cuò)中。主要考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞最基本的用法,如:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后需加動(dòng)詞原形而非過去式;對于虛擬語氣的考查主要集中在表示“命令、建議、請求、要求”的動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,且should可以省略。4.未來高考卷仍然會(huì)以考查最基本的時(shí)態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))為主、仍然會(huì)采用考查時(shí)態(tài)為主,語態(tài)為輔的原則。5.語篇型填空對非謂語動(dòng)詞用法的考頻為:作賓語→作狀語→作定語→作主語、表語→作補(bǔ)語。而短文改錯(cuò)對非謂語動(dòng)詞用法的考頻為:作賓語→作狀語,且在考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)主要考查介詞后需用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。6.以后的高考將繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)對非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查,而且非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語、作狀語及作定語仍會(huì)是考查重點(diǎn)。7.非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語可能會(huì)成為高考的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。1.（2021四川綿陽一診,67）BeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystemadoptsauniquetwo-waycommunicationsystem,includingitsability(receive)messagessentbypeoplefromareaswithpoorsignals.

【答案】toreceive【解析】此處考查固定用法abilitytodosth."做某事的能力"。2.（2021天津八校聯(lián)考,28）(release)onSeptember25,2020,Leap,whichfocusesonthestoryofChineseWomenVolleyballTeam,soonbecameagreathit.

【答案】Released【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句的主干為"Leapsoonbecameagreathit",空處為非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語,且release與主語Leap之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故填過去分詞形式。3.（2021安徽江淮十校二測,42）Thoughhestudiedforthecivilserviceexamtobecomeacivilservantlikehisfather,DuFufailed(pass)andspentmanyyearstraveling.

【答案】topass【解析】句意:盡管杜甫為了像父親一樣成為一名官員而參加了科舉考試,但他沒有通過考試,接著開始了多年的游歷生活。failtodo...意為"失敗,未做成",為固定搭配,故填topass。4.（2021山西太原質(zhì)量監(jiān)測,63）Thepeopleborninthe1980sor1990sbelievethat(save)foodisavirtue.

【答案】saving【答案】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處與food為賓語從句的主語,應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式,故填saving。5.（2021黑龍江哈爾濱部分學(xué)校第一次考試,64）Plumrains,often(occur)duringJuneandJuly,refertothelongperiodofcontinuousrainyorcloudyweather.

【答案】occurring【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句謂語為referto,故空處為非謂語動(dòng)詞,與其邏輯主語是主謂關(guān)系,所以填occurring。6.（2021浙江1月,62）In1985,urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountries(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.【答案】studied【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該句謂語動(dòng)詞為had,故該空填非謂語動(dòng)詞,且作后置定語修飾countries;又study(研究)與countries之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且表示動(dòng)作已完成,故填studied。7.（2020全國Ι,66）ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.

【答案】tofind【解析】usesth.todosth."使用……來做某事"。故填不定式tofind。8.（2020全國Ⅱ,63）Theyrepresenttheearth(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.

【答案】coming【解析】句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞represent,空處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞。theearth和come之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,且不表將來,所以填coming。9.（2020全國Ⅱ,68）Theyareeasy(care)forandmakegreatpresents.

【答案】tocare【解析】此處考查"Sth.+be+adj.+todo"結(jié)構(gòu)。注意此處用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。10.（2020浙江,60）Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology(change)lives.

【答案】tochange【解析】根據(jù)語境可知,"農(nóng)業(yè)使人們首次體驗(yàn)到科技改變生活的力量",此處用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語。11.（2020天津,14）Thedancer’sincredibleperformancehadtheaudienceonitsfeet(clap)for10minutesattheendoftheshow.

【答案】clapping【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并根據(jù)句意可知,此處是havesb.doingsth.結(jié)構(gòu),故填clapping。12.（2020北京,8）Apieceofstone(find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthumanrelatives,knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.

【答案】found【解析】此處表示在荷蘭海灘上發(fā)現(xiàn)的一塊石頭。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主句謂語為suggests,主句主語為"Apieceof...beach",設(shè)空處需用非謂語,find和stone之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。故填found。13.（2020浙江1月,60）Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelarge____(compare)toyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulationbecomesolder

thanbefore.【答案】compared【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為非謂語動(dòng)詞,且compare與邏輯主語oldgenerations是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故填compared。comparedto也可看作固定結(jié)構(gòu),意為"與……相比",作狀語。14.（2019全國Ш,70）Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.

【答案】listening【解析】listen與其邏輯主語we之間是主謂關(guān)系,此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing作伴隨狀語。15.（2019天津,4）(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.

【答案】Learning【解析】句意:學(xué)會(huì)批判性地思考是當(dāng)今兒童未來所需的一項(xiàng)重要技能。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是is,is之前的內(nèi)容是主語,故此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing短語作主語,表示一般性的陳述概念,故用動(dòng)詞-ing。16.（2018全國Ι,63）Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof(die)earlybyrunning.

【答案】dying【解析】reduceone’sriskof...意為"降低某人……的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)",介詞of后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語。17.（2018全國Ⅱ,64）Anotherreasonforcorn’srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice(improve)waterquality.

【答案】toimprove【解析】句意:玉米(產(chǎn)量)增加的另一個(gè)原因:為了改善水質(zhì),政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民種玉米代替水稻。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。18.Wearingthecorrectclothesfordifferentoccasionswasveryimportant,despiteitmeant(change)clothesfiveorsixtimesaday.

【答案】changing【解析】句意:在不同的場合穿著恰當(dāng)?shù)囊路欠浅Ｖ匾?盡管這意味著一天要換五六次衣服。meandoingsth."意味著做某事",符合句意。19.Asmorepeoplearedecidingnot(eat)meatandanimalproducts,vegetarianism(素食主義)isbecomingonerisingtrendintheUK.

【答案】toeat【解析】句意:隨著越來越多的人決定不吃肉和動(dòng)物制品,素食主義在英國正成為一種上升趨勢。decide(not)todosth."決定(不)做某事",為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。20.Wecanalsoremindteenagersthatweshouldwashourhandsandfollowotherheathadvicenotonly(protect)ourselves,butalsotohelptoeasethestress.

【答案】toprotect【解析】句意:我們還可以提醒青少年,我們應(yīng)該洗手并且遵從其他健康建議,不僅為了保護(hù)自己,也為了幫助緩解壓力。空格所在句已有謂語,故空處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意,此處表示目的。notonly...butalso...連接兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞不定式短語作目的狀語。21.Accordingtoresearch(publish)intheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition,peoplewhoatemoreredmeatorprocessedmeatintheirdiethadahigherchanceofdyingfromalong-lastingdisease.

【答案】published【解析】句意:根據(jù)發(fā)表在《美國臨床營養(yǎng)學(xué)雜志》上的一項(xiàng)研究,飲食中食用較多紅肉或加工肉類的人死于長期疾病的概率更高?？仗幾骱笾枚ㄕZ修飾research,publish與其邏輯主語research之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,用過去分詞,表示"被發(fā)表"。22.Sadly,histeamarrivedatQomolangmaBaseCamp,only(inform)thatalljourneyshadbeenstoppedbecauseofanavalanche(雪崩)thathadkilled16people.

【答案】tobeinformed【解析】逗號前的句子中已有謂語動(dòng)詞arrived,逗號后無連詞,故空格處用非謂語動(dòng)詞;根據(jù)語境以及空前的only可知,空處用不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示一種意料之外的結(jié)果。inform與句子主語histeam為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用不定式的被動(dòng)式。23.Aninternationalteam(lead)byscientistsoftheuniversityhasdevelopedtheworld’sfirst3Dartificialeyewithbettercapabilitiesthananyotherexistingbionic(能力超人的)eyes,(bring)newhopetopatientswithvisualimpairment(視力受損).

【答案】led;bringing【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,Aninternationalteam為主語,hasdeveloped為謂語,句中已有主謂結(jié)構(gòu),所以設(shè)空處均應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞。因team與lead為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用其過去分詞作后置定語,表示"被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)"。bring與前面整個(gè)句子所表述的事情為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故用動(dòng)詞-ing作伴隨狀語。24.Forme,Icouldnotresistthisopportunity(experience)thelifeofaChineseemployeeandlearnsomuchaboutChineseculture.

【答案】toexperience【解析】句中已有謂語couldnotresist,故空處用非謂語動(dòng)詞;由語境可知,此處用來修飾名詞opportunity,故用不定式作后置定語。25.(Consider)thatvocabularyerrorsoftenleadtocommunicatingobstacles,teachersshouldpayspecialattentiontostudents’vocabularyerrors.

【答案】Considering【解析】句意:考慮到詞匯錯(cuò)誤往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致交際障礙,教師應(yīng)該格外關(guān)注學(xué)生的詞匯錯(cuò)誤。consideringthat為固定結(jié)構(gòu),意為"考慮到……,就……而論"。26.TeresaAmabileofHarvardBusinessSchoolhasspentmorethanadecade(study)theworkhabitsof238people,collectingatotalof12,000diaryentriesamongthem.

【答案】studying【解析】spendtime(in)doingsth.為固定句型,意為"花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事"。此處省略了介詞in,更要注意要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。27.Heencouragedthestudents(study)scienceandcontributetothedevelopmentofChina.

【答案】tostudy【解析】句意:他鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué),為中國的發(fā)展作貢獻(xiàn)。此處考查encouragesb.todosth."鼓勵(lì)某人做某事",因此空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)28.（2021河南名校聯(lián)考,61&62）AntForest(found)byAntFinancialServicesGrouphasreceiveda2019ChampionsoftheEarthaward,theUN’shighestenvironmentalhonor.AntForestimprovesgreenerlifestylesbyinspiringusers(reduce)carbonemissionsintheirdailylivesandbetterprotecttheenvironment.

【答案】founded;toreduce【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,第一句的謂語為hasreceived,第一空應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞,且found與其邏輯主語AntForest為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以第一空填founded;第二空考查固定表達(dá)inspiresb.todosth."激勵(lì)某人做某事",故第二空填toreduce。29.（2021江蘇百校聯(lián)考,67&68）Youmayhavenoticedhowbusytreesquirrelsareinfall,(search)foreverylastseedandnutthatcanbefoundandstockingtheirtreehomeswithenoughfood(get)themthroughwinter.

【答案】searching;toget【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,search和其邏輯主語treesquirrels構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,故第一空用現(xiàn)在分詞形式searching;第二空為不定式短語作目的狀語,所以填toget。30.（2021貴州貴陽摸底考試,70）Ialsolookforwardto(open)chancestoexposethepeopleofmycountrytoChineseculture.

【答案】opening【解析】此處lookforwardtodoingsth.為固定表達(dá),意為"盼望做某事",所以填opening。31.（2021山西太原質(zhì)量監(jiān)測,64）Youngpeoplealsogivetheiropinionsonhow_______(help)reducefoodwaste.

【答案】tohelp【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為"特殊疑問詞+不定式短語"結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作介詞on的賓語,故填tohelp。32.（2021陜西百校聯(lián)盟第一次模擬,61）A56-year-oldenthusiasticbackyardbirdwatchernamedStuartDahlquistspentyears(leave)outfoodforafamilyofcrows.

【答案】leaving【解析】此處考查固定表達(dá)spendsometimedoingsth.,意為"花時(shí)間做某事",所以填leaving。33.（2021河北衡水中學(xué)期中,80）Busily(employ)incleaninghisshoes,hedidn’tnoticemycoming.

【答案】employed【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知,空處為非謂語動(dòng)詞作原因狀語,且employ與其邏輯主語he為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,再結(jié)合固定搭配beemployedindoingsth.可知,空處應(yīng)填employed。34.（2021廣東四市名校聯(lián)考,36）Amassivewildfireforcesthousandsofpeople(flee)theirhomes.

【答案】toflee【解析】句意:一場大規(guī)模的野火迫使成千上萬的人逃離家園。forcesb.todosth.意為"迫使某人做某事",故填toflee。35.（2021遼寧六校協(xié)作體聯(lián)考,60）Theplantsareirrigatedby(use)asimpledripsystem(滴灌系統(tǒng)).

【答案】using【解析】介詞后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞,根據(jù)介詞by可知,空處用動(dòng)名詞形式,故填using。36.（2020廣東六校聯(lián)考,62）TheteafromChinaisingreatabundance.(tell)ifapotofteaisniceyoucanmainlyrelyonthecolor,smell,tasteandform.

【答案】Totell【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為動(dòng)詞不定式短語作目的狀語,故用動(dòng)詞不定式Totell。37.（2020山東臨沂期中,64）Peoplewithahealthylifestyleandgoodgeneticinheritance(遺傳特征)tend(score)"younger"ontheseassessments.

【答案】toscore【解析】句意:擁有健康生活方式和好的遺傳基因的人往往在這些評價(jià)中獲得高分。此處考查固定用法,tendtodosth."往往做某事"。38.（2020四川綿陽一診,61）LiNabecamethefirstAsian-bornplayer(head)totheInternationalTennisHallofFamein2019.

【答案】tohead【解析】被theonly,thefirst,thesecond,thebest等修飾的名詞,常用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語。39.（2020湖南益陽、湘潭兩市教學(xué)質(zhì)量測評,43）Theyareasimportantasabirthdaycakewithitscandles(light)inwesterncountries.

【答案】.lit【解析】句意:在西方國家,它們和點(diǎn)著蠟燭的生日蛋糕一樣重要。句中使用了"with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu),itscandles與light之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ),填lit。40.（2020黑龍江大慶鐵人中學(xué)期中,14）Thecarelessdriveris(blame)forthetrafficaccidentthathappenedyesterday.

【答案】toblame【解析】句意:粗心的司機(jī)應(yīng)該為昨天發(fā)生的交通事故承擔(dān)責(zé)任。sb.betoblameforsth.意為"某人應(yīng)該為某事負(fù)責(zé)",故填toblame。41.（2020全國П,65）Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.

【答案】decorated【解析】空前的them和decorate之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,填decorated。42.（2020全國Ш,69）Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.

【答案】surrounding【解析】此處考查seesth.doing結(jié)構(gòu),surroundingthemountaintops在此作賓補(bǔ)。43.（2020浙江,63）Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons,plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.

【答案】making【解析】結(jié)合and和上文的planting可知,此處應(yīng)該填making與其并列。44.（2020北京,5）Ittakesthemhundredsofyears(break)down.

【答案】tobreak【解析】句意:它們用幾百年的時(shí)間才分解。固定句型Ittakessb./sth.+一段時(shí)間+todosth.(花某人/物多長時(shí)間干某事),此處用動(dòng)詞不定式(todo)作真正主語,It為形式主語。故填tobreak。45.（2020天津,4）(help)uspreparefortheexam,theteachersuggestedreadingthroughournotes.

【答案】Tohelp【解析】句意:為了幫助我們?yōu)榭荚囎鰷?zhǔn)備,老師建議我們通讀我們的筆記。根據(jù)句意可知,此處應(yīng)填不定式,表目的。46.（2020江蘇,31）Technologicalinnovations,(combine)withgoodmarketing,willpromotethesalesoftheseproducts.

【答案】combined【解析】句意:技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與良好的營銷相結(jié)合,將促進(jìn)這些產(chǎn)品的銷售。結(jié)合句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主語Technologicalinnovations和動(dòng)詞combine之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過去分詞作狀語。47.（2020浙江1月,57）Themedian(中位數(shù)的)ageofanAmericanin1950was30—todayitis41andisexpected(increase)to42by2050.

【答案】toincrease【解析】根據(jù)isexpected可知,其后需要接不定式todo結(jié)構(gòu),意為"預(yù)計(jì)將……"。48.（2019全國Ι,64）Modernmethods...areexpensive(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.

【答案】.toperform【解析】此處考查"主語+be+adj.+不定式"結(jié)構(gòu),主語通常是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者,不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。49.（2019全國П,65）…shehadnoplans(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.

【答案】toretire【解析】此處表示"她沒有從她(從事了)36年的事業(yè)中退休的計(jì)劃"。名詞plan(s)后常跟不定式作定語,planstodosth.意為"做某事的計(jì)劃"。50.（2019全國П,68）Whenwegotacall(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.

【答案】saying【解析】句意:當(dāng)我們接到一個(gè)電話說她入圍時(shí),我們以為這是個(gè)玩笑。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,say與acall之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式saying,"saying..."作后置定語,說明acall的內(nèi)容。51.（2019全國Ш,62）Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake(get)there.

【答案】.toget【解析】句意:在我們?nèi)ツ亲孔拥穆飞?雨下得非常大,我們不禁想知道還要多久才能到達(dá)那里。ittakessb.sometimetodosth.意為"做某事花費(fèi)某人多長時(shí)間",其中it作形式主語,動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的主語。52.（2019天津,10）Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.

【答案】designed【解析】此處course與design之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過去分詞作后置定語。53.（2019江蘇,32）China’simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries(recognize)itsroleininternationalaffairs.

【答案】recognizing【解析】句意:隨著更多的國家認(rèn)識到中國在國際事務(wù)中的作用,中國的形象正在穩(wěn)步提升。此處是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),動(dòng)詞recognize與其邏輯主語morecountries之間是主謂關(guān)系,故用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。54.（2018全國Ш,64&65）Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel(challenge).

【答案】looking;challenged【解析】句意:我趕緊彎腰低頭,避免與他直視,這樣他就不會(huì)感覺受到挑戰(zhàn)。第一空在avoid后作賓語,avoiddoingsth.表示"避免做某事",故此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式;第二空在系動(dòng)詞feel之后,作表語,且challenge和主語he為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過去分詞。55.（2018全國П,70）China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile(feed)itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,"saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.

【答案】feeding【解析】此處為狀語從句的省略,且feed與其邏輯主語為主謂關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。56.（2018浙江11月,62）Largeramountsofcaffeinecancauseaproblem(call)caffeinism.

【答案】called【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子的謂語動(dòng)詞是cause,此處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞;problem與call之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用過去分詞。57.（2018全國Ι,62）Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong(see)thebenefit.

【答案】tosee【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。58.（2018北京,10）Ordinarysoap,(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.

【答案】used【解析】句意:普通肥皂,如果使用得當(dāng),能有效應(yīng)對細(xì)菌。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處在句中作條件狀語,use與句子的主語是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,因此用過去分詞。59.（2018江蘇,26）Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,(exceed)theexpectednumberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts.

【答案】exceeding【解析】句意:這段時(shí)間約13500個(gè)新的就業(yè)崗位被創(chuàng)造出來,超過了市場分析師預(yù)計(jì)的12000個(gè)。exceed與句子主語是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞。60.（2018全國Ш,70）Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme(stay)andwatch.

【解析】tostay【解析】此處考查allowsb.todosth."允許某人做某事",故填不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。61.（2018天津,7）IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph(take).

【答案】taken【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本空在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語,動(dòng)詞take與myphotograph之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用過去分詞。62.（2018北京,3）(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.

【答案】Traveling【解析】句意:沿著古絲綢之路旅行是一次有趣且有意義的經(jīng)歷。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,is前的部分為主語,故此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。63.（2018浙江,59）Istillremember(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyears…

【答案】visiting【解析】結(jié)合語境可知,此處表示"記得做過某事",因此用rememberdoingsth.,故填visiting。64.（2017乙卷(全國Ι),63）Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired(process)thefoodthatweeat...

【答案】toprocess【解析】句意:動(dòng)植物油和鹽是飲食中非常重要的部分。我們需要它們來加工吃的食物。此處考查"berequiredtodosth.(被需要來做某事)"。65.（2017丙卷(全國Ш),61）Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term(rest).

【答案】.resting【解析】spendsometimedoingsth.是固定用法,故填resting。66.（2017北京,27）Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline(save)theirvaluabletime.

【答案】tosave【解析】句意:現(xiàn)在很多航空公司允許乘客在網(wǎng)上打印登機(jī)卡,以節(jié)約他們的寶貴時(shí)間。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。67.（2017北京,30）Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.

【答案】ranging【解析】句意:國家公園有大量的野生動(dòng)物,從蝴蝶到大象都有。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處應(yīng)使用非謂語動(dòng)詞,且空處與其邏輯主語alargecollectionofwildlife為主謂關(guān)系,故填ranging。68.（2017天津,10）Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain(catch).

【答案】tocatch【解析】句意:整個(gè)會(huì)議上我一直在看鐘表,因?yàn)槲乙s火車。本空所在部分用了havesth.todo結(jié)構(gòu)表示"有某事要做",因此這里用不定式。69.（2017丙卷(全國Ш),65）ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.

【答案】toprove【解析】wanttodo是固定搭配,故填toprove。70.（2016四川,64）For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething_______(eat)!

【答案】toeat【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式作定語修飾不定代詞something。71.（2016丙卷(全國Ш),64）Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,(use)twigs(樹枝)toremoveit.

【答案】using【解析】use與其邏輯主語People之間是主謂關(guān)系,故此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。72.（2016丙卷(全國Ш),63）Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal(create)specialdesigns.

【答案】tocreate【解析】句意:熟練的工人為了創(chuàng)造獨(dú)特的設(shè)計(jì),還把各種硬木與金屬結(jié)合起來。本空在句中作目的狀語,因此用不定式。73.（2016天津,4）Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows,(make)airconditioningunnecessary.

【答案】making【解析】句意:冷風(fēng)通過我們臥室的窗戶襲來,使得開空調(diào)沒有必要?？仗幵诰渲凶鹘Y(jié)果狀語,表示自然而然的結(jié)果,且與句子主語之間為主謂關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。74.（2016乙卷(全國Ι),67）Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.

【答案】introducing【解析】動(dòng)詞include后要跟動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語,所以此空填introducing。75.（2020全國Ⅱ）Inordertorelease(由我們的學(xué)習(xí)造成的壓力),IwenttoXingxingFarm(摘一些橘子)togetherwithmyclassmateslastweekend.

76.（2020全國Ⅱ）(沐浴在陽光下),wesangandlaughedwhilepickingoranges.

77.（2020天津5月）Ialso(喜歡看一些有趣的)EnglishfilmsontheInternet,whichhelps(提高我的聽說技能).

78.（2020江蘇）AlltheseeffortsmadetheinaccessiblethingsaboutChina(很容易被外國觀眾理解).

79.（2019全國Ι）(了解到中國畫展覽將要舉辦)atthegallerynextmonth,Iamwritingtoapply(成為一名志愿者).

【答案】75.thepressureresultingfromourstudy;topicksomeoranges76.Bathedinsunshine77.enjoywatchingsomeinteresting;(to)improvemylisteningandspeakingskills78.easilyunderstoodbytheforeignaudience79.KnowinganexhibitionofChinesepaintingswillbeheld;tobecomeavolunteer【提高訓(xùn)練】A專項(xiàng)語篇型填空(非謂語動(dòng)詞)Standingatthewindowofanexpensiveshopwasayoungwoman1(dress)inbluejeans.Shewentinandasked2(see)adressinthewindow.Theassistant3(serve)herdidnotlikethewayshedressedandtoldherthedresswassold.Thewomanwalkedoutoftheshopangrily.4(decide)topunishtheassistant,thewomanreturnedtotheshopthefollowingmorning.Findingtherudeassistant,sheaskedforthesamedress.Notrealizingwhoshewas,hewaseager5(serve)herthistime.Withgreatdifficulty,heclimbedintotheshopwindow6(get)thedress.Seeingthis,thewomansaidthatshedidn’tlikeit.Shemadetheassistant7(bring)almosteverythinginthewindowbeforefinally8(buy)thedressshehadaskedforatfirst.Shewasverypleasedwithwhatshehaddone.9(recognize)thewomanbynow,theassistantdidn’tfeelangry.Instead,hefeltsorryforwhathehaddonethedaybefore,10(apologize)toherforwhathehaddone.Thewomanforgavehimandlaterbecamearegularcustomeroftheshop.

【解析】本文講述了顧客和售貨員之間發(fā)生的故事。1.dressed動(dòng)詞dress表示"穿衣服",這里用過去分詞作后置定語。2.toseeask后接不定式作賓語,表示"要求做某事"。3.servingserve與Theassistant為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。4.Havingdecided這里用動(dòng)詞-ing作狀語,用其完成式表示該動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。5.toserve這里用beeagertodosth.表示"渴望做某事"。6.toget此處用不定式作目的狀語。7.bring動(dòng)詞make后接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。8.buying空處位于介詞before后,應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語。9.Havingrecognized這里用動(dòng)詞-ing作狀語,用其完成式表示該動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。10.apologizing空處所在句已有謂語動(dòng)詞,故空處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞作伴隨狀語,且apologize與其邏輯主語he之間為主謂關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。B語法填空（2021山東部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)綜合測試）KangYu,a24-year-oldvolunteerteacherinaremotetowninthemou