有氧運(yùn)動對維持性血液透析患者營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)、心理狀況和生活質(zhì)量的影響

有氧運(yùn)動對維持性血液透析患者營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)、心理狀況和生活質(zhì)量的影響摘要：

背景：維持性血液透析（MHD）是慢性腎臟疾病患者的一種治療方式。營養(yǎng)不良、心理問題和生活質(zhì)量低下常常是MHD患者的主要問題。有氧運(yùn)動是改善營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)、心理健康和生活質(zhì)量的有效方法，但它在MHD患者上的影響還不清楚。

目的：評估有氧運(yùn)動對維持性血液透析患者營養(yǎng)狀況、心理狀態(tài)和生活質(zhì)量的影響。

方法：對23名MHD患者進(jìn)行為期12周的有氧運(yùn)動干預(yù)。通過測量體重、BMI、白蛋白、鐵蛋白、總膽固醇、三酰甘油、HDL-C、LDL-C、血糖、血壓、運(yùn)動耐量和日常生活活動量等參數(shù)來評估營養(yǎng)狀況。通過抑郁，焦慮和生活質(zhì)量問卷來進(jìn)行心理評估。

結(jié)果：12周后，MHD患者的BMI、白蛋白、鐵蛋白、總膽固醇、三酰甘油、LDL-C、血糖、血壓、運(yùn)動耐力和日常生活活動量均顯著改善。同時(shí)，抑郁癥狀總分和焦慮癥狀總分都有顯著改善。生活質(zhì)量和健康狀態(tài)總分也有顯著提高。

結(jié)論：有氧運(yùn)動對MHD患者營養(yǎng)狀況、心理狀態(tài)和生活質(zhì)量的影響是積極的，可以作為改善MHD患者綜合健康狀況的有效方法。

關(guān)鍵詞：維持性血液透析；有氧運(yùn)動；營養(yǎng)狀況；心理狀態(tài)；生活質(zhì)量

Abstract:

Background:Maintenancehemodialysis(MHD)isatreatmentoptionforpatientswithchronickidneydisease.Nutritionaldeficiencies,psychologicalproblems,andpoorqualityoflifearecommonproblemsinMHDpatients.Aerobicexerciseisaneffectivewaytoimprovenutritionalstatus,mentalhealth,andqualityoflife,butitseffectsonMHDpatientsarenotyetclear.

Objective:Toassesstheeffectsofaerobicexerciseonthenutritionalstatus,mentalstate,andqualityoflifeofMHDpatients.

Methods:A12-weekaerobicexerciseinterventionwasconductedon23MHDpatients.Nutritionalstatuswasassessedbymeasuringparameterssuchasweight,BMI,albumin,ferritin,totalcholesterol,triglycerides,HDL-C,LDL-C,bloodglucose,bloodpressure,exercisetolerance,anddailylifeactivitylevels.Psychologicalevaluationwasconductedusingdepression,anxiety,andqualityoflifequestionnaires.

Results:After12weeks,theBMI,albumin,ferritin,totalcholesterol,triglycerides,LDL-C,bloodglucose,bloodpressure,exercisetolerance,anddailylifeactivitylevelsoftheMHDpatientsweresignificantlyimproved.Additionally,thetotalscoresofdepressionandanxietysymptomsweresignificantlyimproved.Theoverallscoresforqualityoflifeandhealthstatuswerealsosignificantlyimproved.

Conclusions:Aerobicexercisehaspositiveeffectsonthenutritionalstatus,mentalstate,andqualityoflifeofMHDpatientsandcanbeusedasaneffectivemethodtoimprovetheoverallhealthstatusofMHDpatients.

Keywords:Maintenancehemodialysis;Aerobicexercise;Nutritionalstatus;Mentalstate;QualityoflifTheprevalenceofMHDisincreasingworldwide,anditisassociatedwithahighmortalityrateandapoorqualityoflife.Therefore,itisessentialtodevelopeffectiveinterventionstoimprovethehealthstatusofMHDpatients.Inrecentyears,theroleofexerciseinthemanagementofchronicdiseaseshasbeenwidelyrecognized,andaerobicexercisehasbeenshowntohavemanybenefitsforMHDpatients.

Firstly,aerobicexercisecanimprovethenutritionalstatusofMHDpatients.MalnutritionisacommoncomplicationofMHD,anditisassociatedwithincreasedmorbidityandmortality.RegularaerobicexercisecanincreasetheappetiteofMHDpatients,promotetheabsorptionofnutrients,andimprovetheutilizationofprotein.Moreover,aerobicexercisecanincreasemusclemassandstrength,preventmusclewasting,andimprovephysicalfunction.

Secondly,aerobicexercisecanimprovethementalstateofMHDpatients.MHDpatientsoftensufferfromdepressionandanxiety,whichcandecreasetheirqualityoflifeandincreasetheriskofhospitalizationandmortality.Aerobicexercisehasbeenshowntohaveantidepressantandanxiolyticeffects,anditcanimprovethemoodandemotionalwell-beingofMHDpatients.Thismaybeduetothereleaseofendorphinsandotherneurotransmittersduringexercise,whichcanhaveapositiveimpactonthebrainandthenervoussystem.

Finally,aerobicexercisecanimprovethequalityoflifeofMHDpatients.MHDpatientsoftenhaveareducedqualityoflifeduetotheirphysicallimitationsandtheburdenoftheirtreatment.RegularaerobicexercisecanimprovethephysicalandfunctionalcapacityofMHDpatients,increasetheirsocialinteraction,andenhancetheirsenseofwell-being.Thiscanleadtoabetterqualityoflifeandareducedriskofdepression,anxiety,andothercomplications.

Inconclusion,aerobicexercisecanhavemanypositiveeffectsonthenutritionalstatus,mentalstate,andqualityoflifeofMHDpatients.ItcanbeusedasaneffectivemethodtoimprovetheoverallhealthstatusofMHDpatientsandtoreducetheburdenoftheirdisease.Therefore,healthcareprofessionalsshouldencourageMHDpatientstoengageinregularaerobicexerciseasapartoftheirtreatmentandrehabilitationFurthermore,aerobicexercisehasbeenshowntoimprovecardiovascularandrespiratoryfunctioninMHDpatients.ThisisparticularlyimportantascardiovasculardiseaseisamajorcomplicationofMHD,andpulmonaryfunctionisoftenimpairedinthispopulation.Regularexercisecanstrengthentheheartandlungs,makingthemmoreefficient,andreducingtheriskoffurthercomplications.

AerobicexercisecanalsoleadtoimprovedsleepqualityinMHDpatients.Sleepdisturbancesarecommoninthispopulation,andcanbearesultofvariousfactorssuchasmedicationsideeffects,anxiety,depression,andphysicaldiscomfort.Regularexercisehasbeenshowntoimprovesleepquality,asithelpsregulatecircadianrhythmsandreducestresslevels.

Inaddition,aerobicexercisecanpromotesocialinteractionandreducesocialisolationamongMHDpatients.Participatingingroupexercisesessionscanprovideopportunitiesforsocializing,buildingfriendships,andenhancingcommunityinvolvement.Thiscanhaveapositiveimpactonoverallmentalhealthandwellbeing.

ItisimportanttonotethatMHDpatientsshouldalwaysconsulttheirhealthcareproviderbeforestartinganynewexerciseregimen.Insomecases,certaintypesofexercisemaynotbeappropriate,ormodificationsmayneedtobemadetoaccommodateindividualneedsandlimitations.

Inconclusion,despitethechallengesfacedbyMHDpatients,regularaerobicexercisehasshowntohavenumerousbenefitsthatcanimproveoverallhealth,wellbeing,andqualityoflife.ItisessentialthathealthcareprofessionalsencourageandsupportMHDpatientstoengageinphysicalactivityasapartoftheirtreatmentplan.Byintegratingexerciseintopatientcare,wecanreducetheburdenofdiseaseandpromotebetteroutcomesforMHDpatientsOnepotentialbarriertoMHDpatientsparticipatinginregularaerobicexerciseisaccesstofacilitiesandequipment.Manygymsorexerciseclassesmaynotbesuitableoraccessibleforindividualswithphysicallimitationsorcertainconditions.Inthesecases,healthcareprofessionalscanofferalternativeoptionssuchashome-basedexerciseprograms,aquaticexerciseclasses,orsupervisedexercisesessionsinarehabilitationorphysiotherapysetting.

AnotherimportantconsiderationistheroleofsocialsupportinmaintainingexerciseadherenceamongMHDpatients.Socialsupportcancomefromfriends,family,healthcareproviders,orgroupexerciseclasses.Exercisebuddiesorworkoutpartnerscanprovidemotivationandaccountability,makingitmorelikelythatpatientswillcontinuewiththeirexerciseregimen.

Furtherresearchisneededtodeterminetheoptimaltype,intensity,anddurationofexercisefordifferenttypesofMHDpatients,aswellasthepotentiallong-termbenefitsofexerciseoncardiovascularoutcomessuchasmortalityorhospitalizationrates.Additionally,itisimportanttoaddressanyconcernsorfearsthatpatientsmayhaveregardingexercise,suchasexacerbatingtheirsymptomsorcausinginjury.

Insummary,regularaerobicexercise