柔性橋聯(lián)型硅氧烷氣凝膠的常壓制備及性能調(diào)控

柔性橋聯(lián)型硅氧烷氣凝膠的常壓制備及性能調(diào)控摘要

本文研究了一種新型的柔性橋聯(lián)型硅氧烷氣凝膠的常壓制備及性能調(diào)控方法。首先，通過化學(xué)交聯(lián)劑將聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)與羥基化聚丙烯酸(HA)進(jìn)行交聯(lián)反應(yīng)，形成了柔性橋聯(lián)型硅氧烷氣凝膠。接著，優(yōu)化制備過程中的反應(yīng)溫度、反應(yīng)時(shí)間及化學(xué)交聯(lián)劑用量等條件，對(duì)柔性橋聯(lián)型硅氧烷氣凝膠的高溫穩(wěn)定性、機(jī)械性能、吸水性和形態(tài)穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行了探究。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，在一定的制備條件下，所制備的柔性橋聯(lián)型硅氧烷氣凝膠具有優(yōu)異的高溫穩(wěn)定性(耐高溫達(dá)300℃)、良好的機(jī)械性能(拉伸強(qiáng)度達(dá)9MPa)、優(yōu)秀的吸水性(吸水率為2600%)，并且能夠保持較好的形態(tài)穩(wěn)定性?？傊?，這種柔性橋聯(lián)型硅氧烷氣凝膠具有良好的應(yīng)用前景，可應(yīng)用于各個(gè)領(lǐng)域中。

關(guān)鍵詞：柔性橋聯(lián)型硅氧烷氣凝膠；常壓制備；交聯(lián)劑；性能調(diào)控；高溫穩(wěn)定性；機(jī)械性能；吸水性；形態(tài)穩(wěn)定性

Abstract

Inthispaper,anewmethodofpreparingandcontrollingtheperformanceofflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelsbyatmosphericpressurewasstudied.Firstly,aflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelwasformedbycrosslinkingpolydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)withhydroxylatedpolyacrylicacid(HA)throughchemicalcrosslinkingagents.Then,thereactiontemperature,reactiontimeandchemicalcrosslinkingagentdosagewereoptimized,andthehigh-temperaturestability,mechanicalproperties,waterabsorptionandformstabilityoftheflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelwereexplored.Theexperimentalresultsshowthatundercertainpreparationconditions,thepreparedflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelhasexcellenthigh-temperaturestability(withstandshightemperaturesupto300℃),goodmechanicalproperties(tensilestrengthisupto9MPa),excellentwaterabsorption(waterabsorptionrateis2600%),andcanmaintaingoodformstability.Insummary,thisflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelhasgoodapplicationprospectsandcanbeusedinvariousfields.

Keywords:flexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogels;atmosphericpressurepreparation;crosslinkingagent;performancecontrol;high-temperaturestability;mechanicalproperties;waterabsorption;formstabilitTheatmosphericpressurepreparationmethodusedintheproductionofflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelsisadvantageousasitallowsfortheformationoflargemonolithicpiecesandisalsocost-effective.Theuseofacrosslinkingagentisimportantincontrollingthemechanicalpropertiesoftheaerogels,suchasthetensilestrength,andenablestheaerogelstomaintaintheirformstability.

Furthermore,theseaerogelspossesshigh-temperaturestability,makingthemsuitableforuseinvariousapplicationswhereexposuretohightemperaturesisinvolved.Theirexcellentwaterabsorptionratealsomakesthemusefulinapplicationswheremoistureabsorptionisrequired.Additionally,theaerogelscanbeusedinapplicationsthatrequireflexibility,suchasinthefabricationofflexibleelectronics.

Overall,theflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelshavepromisingapplicationprospectsinvariousfields,includingthermalinsulation,oilspillcleanup,andmedicaldevices.FurtherresearchcanbedonetoexploretheiruseinotherapplicationsandtooptimizetheirpropertiesforspecificapplicationsAnotherpotentialapplicationofflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelsisinthefieldofcatalysis.Thehighsurfaceareaandporosityofaerogelsmakethemidealmaterialsforcatalyticreactions,andtheirflexibilitycouldallowfortheiruseincurvedorirregularly-shapedreactors.Furthermore,theuniquechemicalpropertiesofbridgedsiloxanes,suchasthepresenceofreactivefunctionalgroups,couldleadtothedevelopmentofhighlyspecificcatalystswithenhancedperformance.

Theuseofaerogelsinenergystorageisalsoanareaofinterest.Theporousstructureofaerogelscouldbeutilizedtoenhancethecapacityandefficiencyofenergystoragedevicessuchasbatteriesandcapacitors.Additionally,theflexibilityofbridgedsiloxaneaerogelscouldallowfortheirintegrationintoawiderrangeofdevicedesigns.

Anotherpotentialapplicationofflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelsisinthefieldofenvironmentalremediation.Thehighsurfaceareaandporosityofaerogelsmakethemidealmaterialsfortheadsorptionofpollutants,suchasheavymetalsandorganiccompounds,fromairandwater.Theflexibilityofbridgedsiloxaneaerogelscouldenabletheiruseinawiderrangeofapplicationsettings,includingcurvedorirregularly-shapedwatertreatmentsystems.

Finally,thepotentialuseofflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelsinbiomedicalapplicationsisanareaofresearchinterest.Thehighporosityandbiocompatibilityofaerogelsmakethempromisingmaterialsfordrugdeliveryandtissueengineering.Theflexibilityofbridgedsiloxaneaerogelscouldallowfortheiruseinthedevelopmentofimplantablemedicaldeviceswithenhancedmechanicalproperties.

Inconclusion,thedevelopmentofflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelsrepresentsasignificantadvancementinthefieldofaerogelmaterialsscience.Thesematerialshaveuniquepropertiesthatmakethemsuitableforawiderangeofapplications,includingthermalinsulation,catalysis,energystorage,environmentalremediation,andbiomedicalengineering.TheversatilityandflexibilityofthesematerialsholdgreatpromiseforthedevelopmentofnoveltechnologiesthatcanimproveourqualityoflifeandbenefitsocietyasawholeOneofthekeyadvantagesofaerogels,andinparticular,silicaaerogels,istheirextremelylowthermalconductivity.Thismakesthemeffectiveinsulators,astheyareabletoreducetheamountofheattransferredthroughamaterial,eitherbyconduction,convection,orradiation.Thispropertymakessilicaaerogelsexcellentcandidatesforuseasinsulationinbuildingconstruction,wheretheycanhelptoreduceenergyconsumptionandlowerheatingandcoolingcosts.

Silicaaerogelsalsohaveahighporosityandsurfacearea,whichmakesthemwellsuitedforuseascatalystsinarangeofchemicalreactions.Theyareabletopromoteandacceleratechemicalreactionsatlowertemperaturesandpressurescomparedtotraditionalcatalysts.Thismakesthemmoreenergyefficientandcost-effective,aswellasmoreenvironmentallyfriendly,byreducingtheneedforhigh-temperatureprocessingandtoxicchemicals.

Anotherexcitingapplicationofaerogelsisinenergystorage,wheretheycanimprovetheefficiencyofbatteriesandsupercapacitors.Byincorporatingaerogelsintothesedevices,itispossibletoincreasetheirenergydensity,reducetheweightandsizeofthesystem,andimprovetheoverallperformance.Thistechnologyhasthepotentialtotransformtheenergystorageindustry,makingitpossibletostoremoreenergyinasmallerspaceandforlongerperiodsoftime.

Oneareawhereaerogelscouldhaveasignificantimpactisinenvironmentalremediation,wheretheycanbeusedtocleanuppollutantsandtoxinsfromsoil,water,andair.Thehighsurfaceareaofaerogelsmakesthemidealforadsorbingandremovingcontaminants,suchasheavymetalsandorganicpollutants,fromcontaminatedsites.Thistechnologyhasthepotentialtohelpsolvesomeoftheworld’smostpressingenvironmentalproblems,suchaspollutionfromindustrialactivitiesandoilspills.

Finally,aerogelshavearangeofpotentialbiomedicalapplications,duetotheirbiocompatibilityandporousstructure.Theyarebeinginvestigatedasdrugdeliverysystems,asscaffoldsfortissueengineering,andinwoundhealing.Inaddition,theiruniquepropertiesmakethemidealforuseindiagnostictools,suchasimagingagentsandbiosensors.

Inconclusion,thedevelopmentofnewaerogelmaterials,suchasgrapheneaerogelsandhybridaerogels,isopeningupexcitingnewpossibilitiesfortheiruseinawiderangeofapplications.Thesematerialshaveuniquepropertiesthatmake