寫給五夜十篇學(xué)員的一封

PAGE2群PAGE2群TextIt’salmost eaclichétonotethatwomenarestillunder-earningcomparedtomeninthework.Butmaybethisrealityshouldn’tkeepsurprisingus.Therecentheadlinesmissanimportantpartofthework-lifebalancestory:plentyofworkingmothersareearninglessthanmenbecausetheywantthesortofjobsandworkingarrangementswhichindeedpayless.Currentlaborstatisticsbearoutthesefantasies:womenaretwiceaslikelyasmentoworkpart-timeeventhoughtheyarealsomorelikelytobecollege-educatedandthusmoremarketable.Wespillalotofinktryingtoaccountforthisseemingfailure:corporateAmericadoesn’tdoenoughforfamilies(undoubtedlytrue).ernmentdoesn’tdoenoughforfamilies.(Ditto.)Butthere’sacertaincondescensionintheseexnations,asifwecan’tquitebelieveawomanknowsherownmind.EvenincountriesliketheNetherlands,withatightlywovensafetynetandahighdegreeofgenderequality,themajorityofmothersstilloptformoretimeathomewiththeirfamilies.Andwhynot?Maybeit’stimetostopsearchingforsocietalillsorindividualpathologiestoexinthisfact.Thecostsofbeingapart-timeworkercanbehigh:lowerpayandasenseofdiminishedvalueorexclusion,riskoflay-offs,aswellasmissedopportunitiesforpromotionsandpraise.Butthesenegativesmayinfactbeexaggeratedorattheleastoffsetbytheequivalentdownsidestofull-timeemployment.ThePewpollfoundnodifferenceatallonjobsatisfactionbetweenfullandpart-timeworkers.Thebenefitsofpart-timeworkaresubstantial.Parentscanbewageearnersandrolemodelswithout,lilly,losingsleep.Theycanpreservemostoftheirprofessionalidentityandworkskillsbutstillprovidesupporttoawidergroupofdependentsthanwouldbepossiblewithafull-timeschedule,andwithoutgoinginsaneintheprocess.Everyfamilydecisiondoesn’thavetobecontested:who’scooking,who’s“onduty”tonight,whogetstotakethebusinesstripandwhoisleftbehindtopickupthekids.Thesecomplexitiesdon’tdisappearwithpart-timework,ofcourse,butthey’rejustawholeloteasiertonavigate.Andyoucanforegosomeoftheexpensesthatfull-timeworkersneedtooffsettheirfatigueandtimecrunch:take-outdinnersandhousecleaning,forexample,orbuyingasecondcarinlieuofpublictransportation.It’struethatthetrendtowardpart-time,benefit-employmentcanbefinanciallyruinoustoindividualworkers.Onefifthofthecountry’sjobsarepart-time,andmanyarelow-skilled,deadendpositions.Butit’seasytooverlookhowunrewardingfull-timeemploymentcanbeformanypeople,too–especiallywhentheresearchersandreportersandpunditswhowriteaboutworktrendstendtohavefascinating,flexiblejobswithdecentpay.Weshouldstoplimitingwhatwomenandmenvaluebyinsistingthateveryonehasthesameworkaspirations.Someofusdon’twanttospendthemostproductiveandpreciousyearsofourlivestrappedatthewatercoolerwithour‘workspouses,’andwe’rewillingtopaytheprice.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph1that themajorityofwomenenjoytheless-paidjobsandworkingwomengenerallyexperiencehigherunemploymentratesthanmen[C]workersinpart-timejobsareusuallypaidlessthanthoseinfull-time[D]womenhavethesameaccesstocollegeeducationastheirmaleWhatcanweknowabouttheIthasestablishedasoundsocialsecuritysystem,especiallyforThedegreeofinequalitybetweenmenandwomenisrelativelylow.[C]Mostmotherschoosetobestay-at-homemomsfortheirfamilies.[D]Therearemorehousewivesthanworkingmothers.ItcanbeimpliedfromParagraph3thatthedisadvantagesofpart-timeemployment faroutweighitsadvantages[B]maybebalancedbyitsadvantages[C]arenomorethanthoseoffull-timeemployment[D]mayactuallybelessscarythanpeoplethinkWhichofthefollowingistheadvantageofpart-limeTakingcareofthefamilieswithoutmissingopportunitiesfor withdailychoresmostlybymothers.Cuttingtheexpensesonvariousproductsthatwouldberequiredbyfull-timework.Enjoyingholidaypay,sickpayandotherextrasthatcomewiththeWhatistheauthor’sattitudetowardmotherswithpart-timejob? Text[答案[解析]推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干提示可定位至第一段。該段第三句許多上班族賺比少是為她想的這工和工安確低。段后一，女性職作的可能是的兩，由此可女性想要工作工作因此工作的薪酬要少于全職，故[C]正確。由該段第三句可知，許多上班族想要的這種工作和工作安排確實低，而非她們喜歡低薪酬的工作及工作安排，故排除[]；該段并未提及有關(guān)和女性的失業(yè)率問題，故排除[B]可是倍盡性可受學(xué)，此具市場競爭力，從該句無法推出女性與擁有同等的接受大學(xué)教育的機會，[D]為過度推斷，故排除。[答案[解析]節(jié)。題theehelnds第。該三可荷蘭安全保障體系健全，高度，由此可知其男女不的程度相對較低，故[B]正確。根據(jù)第二段第三句可知，荷蘭保障體系健全，而不是荷蘭對女性的社會保障體系健全，故排除[]；該段第三句在荷蘭大部分母親還是選擇花的時間陪伴家庭，而非大多數(shù)母親為了家庭選擇做家庭主婦，[C]屬于過度推斷，故排除；根據(jù)該段第三句也并不能推庭主婦的人數(shù)要多于職業(yè)女性，故排除[D]。[答案[解析]推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干提示定位至第三段。該段第二句，事實上工作的消極影響可能都被夸大了，或者至少可能被全職工作帶來的同等的影響抵消了。由此推出，的弊端等于或少于全職的弊端，故[C]為正確答案。該段并未比較工作的弊端與優(yōu)勢孰輕孰重，因此[]、[B]均與原文不符，予以排除；由該段推斷不出人們對弊端的恐懼，故排除[D]。[答案[解析]事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干advantageofpart-timework定位至第四、五段。根據(jù)故[C]正確。第四段第三句，工作者能照顧到的家庭成員，同時保留自身大部分的職業(yè)特征和工作技能，而非不用失去升職的機會，故排除[A]；第五段表明夫妻共同處理家務(wù)，故排除[B]；這兩段并未提及工作者可以享有假期薪水、病假薪水以及其他工[答案[解析]觀點態(tài)度題。作者在文章最后一段，我們不應(yīng)該認(rèn)為每個人都對工作有同等確。[A]“漠不關(guān)心的”、[B]“懷疑的”和[C]“悲觀的”都與文意不符，予以排除?！緟⒖甲g文職業(yè)女性相比而言收入仍然很低，這幾乎成了陳詞濫調(diào)。但也許這一事實不。(21)最近 忽略了工作和生活平衡的一個重要部分：許多上班族市場競爭力且對家庭也做得不夠。(22)但是，甚至在一些像荷蘭這樣安全保障體系健全和高度平做工作也許要付出很高的代價：工資低，覺得自我價值得不到實現(xiàn)或感到被排斥， 他們可以保留自身大部分的職業(yè)特征和工作技能，同時相比全職工作，他們能照顧到的家來接孩子。這些復(fù)雜的事情當(dāng)然不會因為工作而，但是處理起來要遠