《跨文化交際》自測(cè)題

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁(yè)眉頁(yè)腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！“跨文化交際”自測(cè)題ListeningTestInformationforcandidates●Therearetwopartstothetestandyouwillheareachparttwice.●●Therewillbeapausebeforeeachparttoallowyoutolookthroughthequestionsandotherpausestoletyouthinkaboutyouranswers.●●Writeyouranswersinthespacesindicatedinthetestpaper.●●Youwillhavetenminutesattheendofthelisteningtesttotransferyouranswerstotheanswersheet.Part1.APanelDiscussion(8points)Youaregoingtolistentoapaneldiscussiononaparticulartopic.Youwillhearittwice.Answerthefollowingquestionsduringandafteryourlistening.Youwoulddobesttoanswerquestion1-2afterthefirstlistening,andthenanswerquestions3-8afterthesecondlistening.Choosethebestansweraccordingtowhatyoulearnfromthediscussion:1.1.discussionon____.a.animalsb.humanbeingsc.animalvaluesd.animalMadamChairandProfessorWilsonarehavingapanelbehaviour2.2.Thefollowinganimalsarebeingdiscussed:______.a.dogsandbeesb.beesandfishc.bees,chimpanzeesandlionsd.chimpanzeesanddogs3.3.a.a.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesbeeworkers?Selfish.b.Somewhataltruistic.c.Perfectlyaltruistic.d.Somewhatselfish.4.4.a.a.b.b.Achimpanzeegroomsanotherexpectingthat____.theonebeinggroomedwilldothegroominginreturntheonebeinggroomedwillnotdothegroominginreturnsomeonewilldothegroominginreturnc.c.d.d.noonewilldothegroominginreturn5.5.Thedifferencebetweenhumanself-sacrificeandbeeworkers’self-sacrificeliesinthat____.a.a.b.b.c.c.d.d.humanself-sacrificeismadetotheircommunitybeeworkers’self-sacrificeismadetotheiroffspringbeeworkers’self-sacrificeismadetotheircommunityhumanparents’self-sacrificeismadetotheirownparentsAccordingtoProfessorWilson,theself-sacrificeofhuman6.6.parents____shownbychimpanzees.a.issimilartothealtruismb.isdifferentfromthealtruismd.isbetterinqualitythanthatc.ispoorerinqualitythanthat7.7.services____.a.a.Theterm“kinselection”meansthatananimalperformsoflittlecosttoitselfbutofgreatbenefittorelativesofgreatcosttoitselfbutoflittlebenefittorelativesoflittlecosttoitselfandoflittlebenefittorelativesofgreatcosttoitselfandofgreatbenefittorelativesAccordingtoMadamChair,humanbehaviouris_____.totallydifferentfromanimalbehaviourb.b.c.c.d.d.8.8.a.a.b.b.c.c.d.d.geneticallymoreorlessthesameasanimalbehaviourgeneticallysomewhatdifferentfromanimalbehaviourmuchbetterthananimalbehaviourPart2ALecture(7points)YouwillhearpartofalecturebyProfessorGuide.Asyoulisten,answerquestions9-15.Thesentencesbelowsummarisethemainpointsofthelecture.Listencarefullyandwriteinthewordsusedbythelecturertofillthegapsinthesentences.9.9.ProfessorGuideusesasinglewordtodescribethecurrentteachingpracticeinChina.Thiswordis____.10.10.Whattheteachernormallydoesis________alessonplanfortomorrow,orfornextweek.11.11.AccordingtoProfessorGuide,thewritingofteacherguidesis___________.12.12.Peoplecommonlyassumethat_________isasingletaskperformedbytheteacher.13.13.Leamersthinkwhattheydoistocometoclassto______whattheteacherteaches.14.14.Oneoftheweaknessesofcurrentteachingpracticeisthattheteachercanhardlygiveyouasatisfactoryaccountcondemningthecourse______andthecourse________.15.15.Thefourthandlastweaknessofcurrentteachingpracticeisthattheteacherhasnopressurefor______________.﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡Thisistheendofthelisteningtest﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡Paper2CommunicationAnalysisThefollowingarethreedifferentcasesofcrossculturalcommunication.Ineachofthecasesthereissomethingtobeimprovedupon.Writeananalysisonwhatistobedesiredformoresuccessfulcommunication.Question16(3points)Case1:LiuBing,aChinesetourguide,istalkingtoaBritishtouristGeorgeLuke,whohasnoknowledgeofChineseatall.Theyarehavingdinnerinarestaurant.Liu:Thisissweetandsourpork.Trytry.Luke:IsthatwhatitiscalledinChinese,-tri”?Question17(7points)Case2:ThisamorecomplicatedcasethanCase1.Intheanalysisyoushouldfocusontheintentionsofthecommunicators:Liz,anAmericanwomanmarriedtoaChinesebusinessmanhadimmigratedtoU.S.recently.Hermother-in-lawcametovisitthemattheirChicagohome.ThefollowingconversationbetweenLizandDick,herhusband,tookplacetwodaysafterthemother’sarrival.Liz:Dick,howlongisyourmumgoingtostay?Dick:Idon’tknow.Ihaven’taskedher.Liz:Whynotaskher?Dick:Whatdoyoumeanbyaskingher?Liz:ImeanwhatIsaid.Justaskherhowlongshe’sgoingtostay.Dick:(becomingangry):Areyoueagertogetridofher?Question18(10points)Case3:Thisisacomplexcase,wheremorethanonethingwentwrong.Findalltheproblems:ProfessorXia,aChinesescholar,wasvisitingaBritishsinologistathisofficeinLondon.AfterXiaaskedforacupoftea,thehost,ProfessorLockheed,pouredhimacupofteaandaddedsomemilkinit.ProfessorXiawasnotusedtoteawithmilkandbarelytouchedthetea.ProfessorLockheednoticeditandsmiledknowingly.Lockheed:YouarebeingtooChinese.NowyouareinLondon,doasLondonersdo.Drinkyourteaifyouarethirsty.Wedonotkeeptheteauntouchedtoshowpoliteness.﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡ThisistheendofPaperTwo﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡Paper3(10points)Chooseonewordorexpressionfromthoseintheboxbelowtofillthegapineachofthesentences.Writethecorrectwordsinthespacesprovidedinyouranswersheet.Donotchangetheformsofthewords.contact,self-denigration,buyingaround,kinterms,anintegralpart,community,participants,footthebill,exhibitingknowledge,whitelies,politerefusal19.Forcommunicationtooccurtheremustbesome______betweencommunicators.20.Languageisonlyoneaspectofcommunication.Wemustn’tforgetthatnon-verbalsignalsarealso______ofit.21.Asocialsituationmayreceivetwodefinitions.Oneisgivenbythe___________andtheotherbythe___________.22.IncomparisonwithWesterncultures,Chinesecultureseemstocontainagreaterdegreeof_______,whichcanbemisinterpretedasexcesshumility.23.InChineseculture_______arenotonlyusedwithinone’sownfamily,butalsotootherpeople.24.ItisdifficultforforeignerstounderstandBritishpubculture,especiallythesystemof_______whichallmembersofthegroupareexpectedtojoinin.25.Whoshould________?InAmericaandEnglanditisquitecommonforfriendstosharethecostofthemealequallybetweenthemortogoDutch.26.Phrasinga_________canalsobeaprobleminone’sownculture.27.ItisinterestinghowBritishandAmericanculturesmisinterpreteachother’swaysof_________:theAmericans’veryopenwayofdoingitisseenasarrogantbytheBritish,andtheBritons’verysubtlewayofdoingitisseenbyAmericansasbeingtoohumble.28.PeopleintheEnglishspeakingcountriesalsoavoidlosingfaceorhurtingotherpeoplebytelling__________/﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡ThisistheendofPaper﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡Paper4TranslationQuestion29(10points)TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.Pleasewriteyourtranslationontheanswersheet.IfWesternindividualismcanbetracedtoliberalism,EasterncollectivismistiedtoConfucianism.Confucianismgivesprideofplacetosocialorderandharmony.“Allindividualsareconceivedtobelinkedinawebofinterrelatedness…and…embeddedandsituatedinparticularrolesandstations”(Kinetal,1994:8).DutyandloyaltytothegrouparetheConfuciancounterpartsoftheegalitarianrulesandregulationsoftheindividualistsociety.Collectivistsowedutytotheirimmediateingroupsand,totheextentthattheyfailtoactinaccordancewiththesedutiesandobligations,theyloseface.Specialconcernandcare–eventothepointofself–abnegationandsacrifice–willbeshownforthosethatcount,whereasoutsiders(whoareunrelatedandthusdonotcount)maybetreatedwith“warinessandevencallousness”(Young,1994:56).Ofcourseitisimportanttorecognizethecomplexityoftheseconstructs.Nocultureiscompletelyindividualistorcollectivist.Rather,culturesvaryinthemixofvaluestheyespouse,withsomeacceptingmoreindividualistnotions,andothersorientingmoretowardcollectivistvalues.Nevertheless,mostEnglishspeakingcountriestendtoviewtheworldfromarelativelyindividualistperspective,whileChinatendstobemorecollectivist.****ThisistheendofPaper4*****Paper5ReadingPassage1Questions30-35(16points)Chinesemakeacleardistinctionbetweeninsidersandoutsiders,andthisdistinctionexistsonalllevelsofinterpersonalinteraction.Insidersconsistofpeoplefromtwocategories:automaticandselected.Automaticinsidersincludeone’sparents,siblings,relatives,colleagues,andclassmates,whereasselectedonesarespecialrelationsthatonehasdevelopedovertimeatworkorelsewhere.Forexample,apersonisconsideredaninsideratworkafterheorshehasdevelopedaspecialrelationshipbyhelpingothersandsharinginformationwiththeothers.Thefivecommoncriteriaofaninsiderarenice,trustworthy,caring,helpful,andempathetic.ThedistinctionbetweenaninsiderandanoutsiderprovidesspecificrulesofinteractioninChineseinterpersonalrelationships.Insidersoftenaretreateddifferentlyfromoutsidersandapersonwithinsiderstatusoftenenjoysprivilegesandspecialtreatmentbeyondanoutsider’scomprehension.Toillustrate,aChinesepersonmaygobeyondhisorhermeanstohelpaninsider,butanoutsiderhastofollowtherules.Theinsider-outsiderdistinctionalsoinvolvesmoralimplications.IntheChineseculture,moraljudgmentsarenotonlycognitivelybutaffectivitybased.Moralstandstendtovaryfromonerelationshiptoanother.Family-centred“insider”relationshipshavetwoimportantimplicationsforrelationshipdevelopmentwithstrangers(i.e.,outsiders).First,asKingandBondargue,theimportanceoffamilyandthesenseofdependencybuiltupintheChinesefamilysystemmakeitdifficulttodeveloppersonalrelationshipswithstrangers.IntheChineseculture,thetransformationfromawalren(outsider)toazijiren(insider)involvesanarduousandtime-consumingprocess,becausepersonalrelationshipsoftentakealongtimetodevelop.Afterrelationshipshavebeendeveloped,however,theytendtostayverysolid.Asaresult,inordertoovercometheinherentdifficultyinrelationshipdevelopment,intermediariesarewidelyusedforsocialrelationalconstruction.Second，theChineseandothercollectivisticculturestendtobeparticularisticintheirutilizationofvaluestandardstowardingroupsandoutgroups.Thisparticularisticprincipleofinterpersonalrelationshipshindersinteractionswithoutsidersbecausevaluestandardsappliedtoingroupsmaynotbereadilyadaptedtooutgroups,andmostChinesedonotfeelknowledgeableaboutdealingwithoutsiders.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheabovetext:30.Whichofthefollowingpersonsfallsintothecategoryofautomaticinsiders?a.yourneighborb.yourbrotherc.yourcountrymand.aChineseyoumeetinLondon31,Accordingtotheauthor,informationsharingis_________.a.a.b.b.c.c.d.d.acriterionofaninsidernotacriterionofaninsiderawaytodeveloptherelationofaninsiderawaytodeveloptherelationofanautomaticinsider32.Whatexampledoestheauthorgivetoshowthatinsidersaretreateddifferentlyfromoutsider?33.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmakesitdifficultforaChinesetodevelopapersonalrelationshipwithastranger?34.Accordingtotheauthor,doChineseapplythesamevaluestandardstowardbothingroupsandoutgroups?35.HowdoChinesevaluestandardsaffecttheinteractionbetweenChineseandpeoplefromothercultures?Passage2Questions36-43(9points)FaceSavinginChineseCultureM.BondandPeterLee人要臉，樹要皮-Amanneedsfacelikeatreeneedsitsbark..therearemanysuchexpressionsaboutfaceinChinesefolkwisdomwhichunderscoreitsimportanceinthesubjectivecultureoftheChinese.InaseminalpaperHucollectedmanyofthesesayings,groupingthemintooneoftwocategories.AccordingtoheranalysistherearetwobasiccategoriesoffaceinChineseculture,lianandmianzi.Mianzi“standsforthekindofprestigethatisemphasizedinthiscountry(America):areputationachievedthroughgettingoninlife,throughsuccessandostentation.Lian,ontheotherhand,“representstheconfidenceofsocietyintheintegrityofaperson’smoralcharacter.Thelossoflianmakesitimpossibleforhimtofunctionproperlywithinthecommunity”.Thislinguisticdifferencereflectsthedifferenceintheconditionsunderwhichthetwotypesoffacearegainedandlost.Westernanalysesoffacedonotdistinguishbetweenthesetwoaspectsofface,althoughthedistinctioncanbeeasilyfittedin.TheclassicdiscussioninWesternsocialscienceisthatofGoffman.Hedefinedtheterm“face”as“thepositivesocialvalueapersoneffectivelyclaimsforhimselfbythepositionothersassumehehastakenduringaparticularcontact”.Goffmanarguesthatinanysocialcontacteachpersoncommunicateshisviewo