圍產(chǎn)期低劑量雙酚AF暴露對成年子代小鼠認知功能的影響及其性別效應(yīng)研究

圍產(chǎn)期低劑量雙酚AF暴露對成年子代小鼠認知功能的影響及其性別效應(yīng)研究摘要：

目的：探討圍產(chǎn)期低劑量雙酚AF（BPA）暴露對成年子代小鼠認知功能的影響及其性別效應(yīng)。

方法：雌性和雄性C57BL/6J小鼠在懷孕期和哺乳期分別暴露于0、10或100μg/kgBPA。子代小鼠在青春期和成年期分別完成行為學測試，分析其識別記憶能力、空間記憶能力、情緒行為等方面的表現(xiàn)。同時，采集大腦組織，檢測甲基化水平和相關(guān)基因表達。

結(jié)果：BPA暴露組小鼠在識別記憶測試中表現(xiàn)出遲鈍，空間記憶測試和情緒行為測試結(jié)果變化不明顯。同時，BPA暴露組小鼠的海馬區(qū)和前額葉皮質(zhì)DNA甲基化水平明顯升高，與控制組相比，基因表達也發(fā)生了變化。性別效應(yīng)驗證表明，雌性小鼠對BPA的敏感性較高，表現(xiàn)出更為明顯的識別記憶下降和神經(jīng)發(fā)育異常。

結(jié)論：圍產(chǎn)期低劑量BPA暴露能夠影響子代小鼠認知功能和神經(jīng)發(fā)育，這種影響表現(xiàn)出性別效應(yīng)。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)為環(huán)境因素與神經(jīng)發(fā)育疾病的關(guān)聯(lián)提供了新的證據(jù)。

關(guān)鍵詞：低劑量雙酚AF，子代小鼠，認知功能，性別效應(yīng)，環(huán)境因素

Abstract:

Objective:Toinvestigatetheeffectsofperinatallow-dosebisphenolA(BPA)exposureoncognitivefunctioninadultoffspringmiceanditsgendereffects.

Method:PregnantandlactatingfemaleandmaleC57BL/6Jmicewereexposedto0,10or100μg/kgBPA,respectively.Theoffspringmicecompletedbehavioraltestsinthejuvenileandadultstagestoanalyzetheirperformanceinrecognitionmemory,spatialmemory,andemotionalbehavior.BraintissuewasalsocollectedtodetectDNAmethylationlevelsandrelatedgeneexpression.

Result:TheBPAexposuregroupshowedcognitiveimpairmentinrecognitionmemorytests,butnosignificantchangeswereobservedinspatialmemorytestsandemotionalbehavior.Meanwhile,thehippocampalandfrontalcortexDNAmethylationlevelsintheBPAexposuregroupweresignificantlyincreased,andgeneexpressionchangeswereobservedcomparedtothecontrolgroup.ThegendereffectsverificationshowedthatfemalemiceweremoresensitivetoBPA,exhibitingmoresignificantcognitiveimpairmentsandabnormalneurodevelopment.

Conclusion:Perinatallow-doseBPAexposurecanaffectcognitivefunctionandneurodevelopmentinoffspringmice,showinggendereffects.Thesefindingsprovidenewevidencefortheassociationbetweenenvironmentalfactorsandneurodevelopmentaldisorders.

Keywords:BisphenolA,Offspringmice,Cognitivefunction,Gendereffects,EnvironmentalfactorsTheuseofBisphenolA(BPA)inthemanufacturingofplasticproductshasbecomeaseriouspublichealthconcern.WhileseveralstudieshavedemonstratedtheadverseeffectsofBPAexposureonvariousbodysystems,particularlythenervoussystem,thegender-specificneurotoxiceffectsofperinatallow-doseexposuretoBPAarestillunclear.

Inarecentstudy,researchersinvestigatedthegender-specificeffectsofperinatallow-doseBPAexposureoncognitivefunctionandneurodevelopmentinoffspringmice.TheresultsshowedthatfemalemiceweremoresusceptibletoBPAexposure,exhibitingmoresignificantcognitiveimpairmentsandabnormaldevelopmentoftheirnervoussystemcomparedtomalemice.

Thestudyfindingsprovidenewevidenceforthepotentialassociationbetweenenvironmentalfactors,particularlyBPAexposure,andneurodevelopmentaldisorders.Theresultsdemonstratetheneedforfurtherresearchtoinvestigatethepossiblegender-specificmechanismsunderlyingtheneurotoxiceffectsofBPAandotherenvironmentalfactors.Furthermore,thefindingssupporttheimportanceofreducinghumanexposuretoBPAandotherhazardouschemicalstoprotectthedevelopingnervoussystemofoffspringInadditiontoBPA,thereareotherenvironmentalfactorsthathavebeenlinkedtoneurodevelopmentaldisorders,suchaslead,mercury,andpesticides.Thesechemicalshavebeenshowntoalterbraindevelopmentandfunction,leadingtocognitiveandbehavioraldeficits.Furthermore,exposuretothesechemicalsduringcriticalperiodsofbraindevelopment,suchasgestationandearlychildhood,mayhavelastingeffectsonbrainhealthandfunction.

LeadexposurehasbeenassociatedwithdecreasedIQandattentiondeficitsinchildren.Childrenexposedtohighlevelsofleadcanalsoexhibithyperactivityandaggressivebehavior.Mercuryexposurecanleadtocognitivedeficits,particularlyinlanguage,memory,andattention.Prenatalexposuretopesticideshasbeenlinkedtodevelopmentaldelaysandautismspectrumdisorders.

Inadditiontochemicals,otherenvironmentalfactors,suchasmaternalstressandmalnutrition,canalsoimpactneurodevelopment.Maternalstressduringpregnancyhasbeenassociatedwithbehavioralandcognitiveproblemsinchildren.Poormaternalnutritioncanleadtomalformationofthedevelopingbrainandimpairedcognitivefunction.

Overall,thesefindingshighlighttheimportanceofidentifyingandreducingexposuretoenvironmentalfactorsthatcanimpactneurodevelopment.Thisincludesreducingexposuretochemicals,improvingnutritionduringpregnancy,andminimizingmaternalstress.Futureresearchshouldcontinuetoinvestigatethemechanismsunderlyingtheneurotoxiceffectsofenvironmentalfactors,particularlywithregardstogender-specificeffects.Byreducingexposuretohazardouschemicalsandotherenvironmentalfactors,wecanprotectthedevelopingnervoussystemandimproveneurodevelopmentaloutcomesforchildrenInadditiontotheenvironmentalfactorsdiscussedabove,thereareseveralotherfactorsthatcanimpactneurodevelopment.Theseincludegenetics,culturalandsocioeconomicfactors,andearlylifeexperiences.

Geneticsplayacriticalroleinneurodevelopment,notonlyindeterminingachild’sbasictraitsbutalsoinshapingthewaythebraindevelopsandfunctions.Recentadvancesingeneticresearchhaveledtonewinsightsintothegeneticsofneurodevelopmentaldisorderssuchasautism,schizophrenia,andintellectualdisability.Understandingthecomplexinterplaybetweengeneticsandenvironmentalfactorsiscrucialforadvancingourunderstandingofhowthebraindevelopsandhowwecanbestsupporthealthyneurodevelopmentinchildren.

Culturalandsocioeconomicfactorscanalsoplayasignificantroleinshapingneurodevelopment.Poverty,forexample,isassociatedwitharangeofnegativeoutcomesforchildren,includingreducedcognitiveandsocial-emotionaldevelopment.Childrenfromlow-incomefamiliesarealsomorelikelytoexperienceenvironmentalstressorssuchasexposuretoviolence,whichcanfurtherimpactneurodevelopment.

Earlylifeexperiences,includingthosethatoccurduringpregnancyandinfancy,canalsohaveaprofoundimpactonneurodevelopment.Stressfulortraumaticexperiencesduringtheseearlystagesoflifehavebeenlinkedtoarangeofnegativeoutcomes,includingincreasedriskofneurodevelopmentaldisordersandmentalhealthproblemslaterinlife.Conversely,positiveearlyexperiencessuchasresponsivecaregivingandenrichedenvironmentscansupporthealthyneurodevelopmentandpromoteresilienceinchildren.

Inconclusion,neurodevelopmentisacomplexandmultifacetedprocessthatisshapedbyarangeofenvironmental,genetic,andexperientialfactors.Whileth