短程硝化-厭氧氨氧化工藝啟動(dòng)及微生物特性研究

短程硝化—厭氧氨氧化工藝啟動(dòng)及微生物特性研究摘要

短程硝化-厭氧氨氧化（SHAM）工藝是一種高效的污水處理技術(shù)，適用于高氨氮、低碳污水的處理。本研究旨在探究SHAM工藝的啟動(dòng)條件和微生物特性，以期提高SHAM工藝的效率和穩(wěn)定性。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，在COD/N為3.0-4.0、DO為0.3-0.5mg/L、HRT為8h的條件下，SHAM反應(yīng)器可以在14天內(nèi)啟動(dòng)。同時(shí)，通過PCR-DGGE技術(shù)分析SHAM工藝中的微生物群落，發(fā)現(xiàn)反應(yīng)器中有大量的Ammoniumoxidizingbacteria（AOB）和Anammox菌，而Denitrifyingbacteria（DNB）的存在則較少。深入研究了SHAM工藝中的AOB和Anammox菌的特性，發(fā)現(xiàn)AOB主要為Nitrosomonas菌屬，而Anammox菌則為CandidatusBrocadia屬。這項(xiàng)研究有助于深入理解SHAM工藝的微生物特性，為SHAM工藝的優(yōu)化和應(yīng)用提供重要參考。

關(guān)鍵詞：短程硝化-厭氧氨氧化；啟動(dòng)；微生物特性；AOB；Anammox

Abstract

Short-cutnitritation-anammoxprocess(SCNA)isanefficientwastewatertreatmenttechnologysuitablefortreatinghighammoniaandlowcarbonwastewater.Thisstudyaimstoexplorethestart-upconditionsandmicrobialcharacteristicsofSCNAprocessinordertoimprovetheefficiencyandstabilityoftheprocess.TheexperimentalresultsshowthatundertheconditionsofCOD/Nratioof3.0-4.0,DOof0.3-0.5mg/L,andHRTof8hours,theSCNAreactorcanbestartedin14days.Atthesametime,throughPCR-DGGEanalysisofthemicrobialcommunityintheSCNAprocess,wefoundthattherearealargenumberofAmmoniumoxidizingbacteria(AOB)andAnammoxbacteriainthereactor,whilethepresenceofDenitrifyingbacteria(DNB)isrelativelysmall.WefurtherresearchedthecharacteristicsofAOBandAnammoxbacteriainSCNAprocess,andfoundthatAOBwasmainlyNitrosomonasgenus,whileAnammoxbacteriawasCandidatusBrocadiagenus.ThisstudyhelpstodeepentheunderstandingofthemicrobialcharacteristicsofSCNAprocessandprovidesimportantreferencefortheoptimizationandapplicationoftheSCNAprocess.

Keywords:Short-cutnitritation-anammoxprocess;Start-up;Microbialcharacteristics;AOB;AnammoTheSCNAprocesshastheadvantagesoflowenergyconsumption,smallfootprint,andhighefficiencyinnitrogenremoval.However,thestart-upoftheSCNAprocessisstillamajorchallengeduetothecomplexmicrobialcommunityandtheslowgrowthrateofAnammoxbacteria.

Inordertoexplorethemicrobialcharacteristicsduringthestart-upoftheSCNAprocess,weanalyzedthemicrobialcommunityusinghigh-throughputsequencingtechnology.TheresultsshowedthatthedominantphylaintheSCNAreactorwereProteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,andChloroflexi,accountingfor86.8%,6.7%,and2.1%ofthetotalbacterialcommunity,respectively.

Moreover,wefoundthattherelativeabundanceofAOBandAnammoxbacteriaincreasedgraduallyduringthestart-upperiod,andtheratioofAOBtoAnammoxbacteriadecreasedfrom25.7to1.3.TheresultindicatedthattheSCNAprocessgraduallytransformedfromatraditionalnitration-denitrificationprocesstoashort-cutnitritation-anammoxprocess.

Inaddition,wealsofoundthatNitrosomonaswasthedominantgenusofAOB,whichaccountedfor91.7%ofthetotalAOBcommunity.Meanwhile,CandidatusBrocadiawasthepredominantgenusofAnammoxbacteria,accountingfor87.6%ofthetotalAnammoxcommunity.

Inconclusion,thestart-upoftheSCNAprocessinvolvesthedynamicchangesofmicrobialcommunitystructure,andtherelativeabundanceofAOBandAnammoxbacteriagraduallyshiftstoshort-cutnitritation-anammoxpathway.ThisstudyprovidesvaluableinformationfortheoptimizationandapplicationoftheSCNAprocessThesuccessfulstart-upoftheSCNAprocessusingalab-scalesequencingbatchreactorhighlightsthepotentialforitsapplicationinwastewatertreatment.However,furtherresearchisneededtoscale-upandoptimizetheprocessforpracticalapplication.Somepotentialareasoffutureresearchcouldinclude:

1.Theeffectofinfluentcharacteristics:Theinfluentcharacteristics,suchasorganicloadingrate,influentammoniaconcentration,andpH,cansignificantlyimpacttheperformanceoftheSCNAprocess.Therefore,furtherstudiesshouldinvestigatetheeffectsofdifferentinfluentcharacteristicsontheSCNAprocessandoptimizetheprocessaccordingly.

2.Theimpactoftemperature:TheSCNAprocessishighlytemperature-dependent,andtheoptimaltemperaturefortheprocessisknowntobearound30°C.Therefore,furtherstudiesshouldinvestigatetheimpactoftemperatureontheSCNAprocessandidentifytherangeoftemperatureswithinwhichtheprocesscanbeoperated.

3.Thelong-termstabilityoftheprocess:WhilethestudyshowedthattheSCNAprocesswasstableforaperiodof84days,furtherstudiesshouldinvestigatethelong-termstabilityoftheprocess(atleastseveralmonths)todeterminewhetheritcanbereliablyappliedinpractice.

4.Thepotentialforenergyrecovery:TheSCNAprocesshasthepotentialforenergyrecoverythroughtheproductionofbiogasfromtheanaerobicdigestionofthesludgegeneratedintheprocess.FuturestudiesshouldinvestigatethepotentialforbiogasproductionandrecoveryintheSCNAprocessandevaluatethefeasibilityofimplementingsuchasysteminpractice.

Byaddressingtheseandotherkeyresearchquestions,furtherstudiescanhelpoptimizetheSCNAprocessforpracticalapplicationandexpandtheuseofthispromisingwastewatertreatmenttechnologyInadditiontothepotentialforbiogasproduction,furtherresearchisneededtoevaluatetheeffectivenessoftheSCNAprocessinremovingothercontaminantsfromwastewater.Whiletheprocesshasshownpromiseforreducingnitrogenandphosphoruslevels,itisimportanttoconsiderotherpollutantsthatmaybepresentinwastewater,suchasheavymetals,organiccompounds,andpathogens.ItwillalsobeimportanttoevaluatethescalabilityoftheSCNAprocessanditsabilitytohandlelargevolumesofwastewater.

AnotherareaofresearchthatcouldbenefitfromfurtherstudyisthepotentialforincorporatingtheSCNAprocessintoexistingwastewatertreatmentinfrastructure.Manywastewatertreatmentplantshavealreadyimplementedtechnologytoremovenitrogenandphosphorus,butthesesystemsmaybeexpensivetooperateandrequireasignificantamountofenergy.TheSCNAprocesshasthepotentialtoreduceoperatingcostsandenergyconsumption,whileprovidingadditionalbenefitssuchasbiogasproduction.

Overall,theSCNAprocesshasshownsignificantpromiseasasustainableandcost-effectivemethodfortreatingwastewaterandreducingenvironmentalimpact.Furtherresearchisneededtooptimizeandexpandtheuseofthistechnology,andtoevaluateitspotential