2020山東高考英語試題及答案解析

2020年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）APOETRYCHALLENGE

Writeapoemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.Prizes

3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner'schoice.Tripincludesround-tripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.

6FirstPrizes:ThebookSkyPioneer:APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthorCorinneSzaboandpilotLindaFinch.

50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight.Rules

Followallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.

■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.

■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefromandbackofthepaper.

■

Onthesamesheetofpaper,writeortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirthdate.

■

MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.1.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Six.2.Whatwilleachofthehonorablementionwinnersget?A.Aplaneticket. B.AbookbyCorinneSzabo.C.AspecialT-shirt. D.AphotoofAmeliaEarhart.3.Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?A.Typingyourpoemout. B.Writingapoemof120words.C.Usingbothsidesofthepaper. D.MailingyourentryonOctober30.BJenniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninganursingdegree.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.

Mauer,ofEdgar,Wisconsin,grewuponafarminafamilyof10children.Herdadworkedatajobawayfromthefarm,andhermotherranthefarmwiththekids.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition(學(xué)費),becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.Aftergraduation,sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfortheirschooling.

Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:nursing.ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jenniferreceivedgreatsupportfromherfamilyassheworkedtoearnherdegree:Herhusbandworkedtwojobstocoverthebills,andher68-year-oldmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.

Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed(犧牲)toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy."Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers."shesays.However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily-andthat'sprettypowerful.4.WhatdidJenniferdoafterhighschool?A.Shehelpedherdadwithhiswork. B.Sheranthefamilyfarmonherown.C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege. D.Shetaughthersistersandbrothersathome.5.WhydidJenniferchoosetheprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfield?A.Totakecareofherkidseasily. B.Tolearnfromthebestnurses.C.Tosavemoneyforherparents. D.Tofindawell-paidjobthere.6.WhatdidJennifersacrificetoachievehergoal?A.Herhealth.B.Hertimewithfamily.C.Herreputation. D.Herchanceofpromotion.7.WhatcanwelearnfromJennifer'sstory?A.Timeismoney. B.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.C.Hardworkpaysoff. D.Educationisthekeytosuccess.CInthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.

Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.

ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,Mr.Bisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.

Mr.Bissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.8.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?A.Hisfriends'invitation. B.Hisinterestinthecountry.C.Hisloveforteaching. D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph2referto?A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease. B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan. D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.10.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?A.Romantic. B.Eventful. C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.11.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceabook. B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C.Torememberawriter. D.Torecommendatraveldestination.DAccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.

Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabto

ostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.

Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.

Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.

Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe"I'llhavewhatshe'shaving''effect.However,we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?12.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A.Foodsafety. B.Movieviewership. C.Consumerdemand. D.Eatingbehavior.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword''beanpoles"inparagraph1referto?A.Bigeaters. B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters. D.Tallthinpersons.14.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants. B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests. D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.15.Onwhatbasisdowe"adjusttheinfluence"accordingtothelastparagraph?A.Howhungryweare. B.Howslimwewanttobe.C.Howweperceiveothers. D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

Someindividualsarebornwithagiftforpublicspeaking._____16____Doyouwanttobeagoodpublicspeaker?Herearesomeprinciplesyoumustmaster.

Peoplewanttolistentosomeonewhoisinteresting,relaxedandcomfortable.Toooften,whenyoustanduptogiveaspeech,youfocusonthe"public"attheexpenseofthe"speaking."_____17____Focusonthespeaking.Talkdirectlytoyouraudience,beyourselfandmakeaconnection.

Eventhemostsuccessfulpublicspeakerwillmakemistakes.Yet,theonlyonewhocaresaboutanymistakeistheonewhoisspeaking.People'sattentionwandersconstantly.Infact,mostpeopleonlyabsorbabout20percentofaspeaker'smessage.So,don'tstopspeakingwhenyoumakeamistakeunlessit'satrulyseriousone._____18____

Yourgoalisnottobeaperfectpublicspeaker.____19_____Andlikeeverythingelseinlife,thattakespractice.Remember,evenworldchampionathletespracticetheirskillsonaconsistentbasis.

____20_____It'sraretohearsomeonesay,"Iwishthatspeakerhadspokenlonger."Ontheotherhand,youprobablycan'tcountthetimesthatyou'vethought,"I'mgladthattalkisover.Itseemedtogoonforever!"Sosurpriseyouraudience.Alwaysmakeyourpresentationjustabitshorterthananticipated.It'sbettertoleaveyourlistenerswishingformorethanshiftingrestlesslyintheirseatswaitingforyourspeechfinallytoend.A.

Dotheopposite.B.

Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.C.

Youdon'tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.D.

Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.E.

Theobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudience.F.

Takethefearoutofpublicspeakingbyfocusingonyourlisteners.G.

However,themajorityofpeoplearceffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.第二部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandswhichbecamehissecond

21

.Helearnedthevalueandbeautyof

22

therefromaveryyoungage.

Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomething

23

happeningaroundhishome.Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthe

24

itcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.

25

,thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.He

26

thatitwasbecausethereweren'tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromthe

27

.Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseek

28

duringthedaytime.Heturnedtothe

29

departmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere.However,Molaiwentlookingonhisownand

30

anearbyislandwherehebegantoplanttrees.

31

youngplantsinthedryseasonwas

32

foraloneboy.Molaibuiltatthe

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ofeachsapling(幼樹)abambooplatform,whereheplacedearthenpotswithsmallholesto

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rainwater.Thewaterwouldthendrip(滴落)ontheplantsbelow.

Molai

35

toplanttreesforthenext37years.Hiseffortshaveresultedin1,360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.21.A.dream

B.job

C.home

D.choice22.A.nature

B.youth

C.culture

D.knowledge23.A.precious

B.interesting

C.disturbing

D.awkward24.A.waste

B.tension

C.pain

D.damage25.A.Besides

B.However

C.Therefore

D.Otherwise26.A.agreed

B.realized

C.remembered

D.predicted27.A.noise

B.heat

C.disease

D.dust28.A.directions

B.partners

C.help

D.shelter29.A.labor

B.police

C.forest

D.finance30.A.rebuilt

B.discovered

C.left

D.managed31.A.Decorating

B.Observing

C.Watering

D.Guarding32.A.tough

B.illegal

C.fantastic

D.beneficial33.A.back

B.top

C.foot

D.side34.A.cooldown

B.keepoff

C.purify

D.collect35.A.returned

B.learned

C.failed

D.continued第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

Manypeoplehavethehobbyofcollectingthings,e.g.stamps,postcardsorantiques.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,____36_____(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig____37_____untiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,____38_____(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum____39_____openedin1759.

Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic____40_____(call)galleriesorrooms.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum'scollection_____41____(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.

Manymuseumsarelivelyplacesandtheyattractalotofvisitors.Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimagine_____42____(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor______43___(walk)througharainforest.AttheJorvikCentreinYork,thecity'sVikingsettlementisrecreated,andpeopleexperiencethesights,soundsandsmellsoftheoldtown.Historical____44_____(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.Museumsmustcompete_____45____people'ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.Mostmuseumsalsowelcomeschoolgroupsandarrangespecialactivitiesforchildren.第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）假定你是李華，上周日你校舉辦了5公里越野賽跑活動。請你為校英文報寫一篇報道，內(nèi)容包括:

1.

參加人員；

2.

跑步路線：從校門口到南山腳下；

3.

活動反響。注意:

1.

寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

2.

請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。ACross-CountryRunningRace________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

TheMeredithfamilylivedinasmallcommunity.Astheeconomywasindecline,somepeopleinthetownhadlosttheirjobs.Manyoftheirfamilieswerestrugglingtomakeendsmeet.Peopleweretryingtohelpeachothermeetthechallenges.

Mrs.Meredithwasamostkindandthoughtfulwoman.Shespentagreatdealoftimevisitingthepoor.Sheknewtheyhadproblems,andtheyneededallkindsofhelp.Whenshehadtime,shewouldbringfoodandmedicinetothem.

Onemorningshetoldherchildrenaboutafamilyshehadvisitedthedaybefore.Therewasamansickinbed,hiswife,whotookcareofhimandcouldnotgoouttowork,andtheirlittleboy.Thelittleboy-hisnamewasBernard-hadinterestedherverymuch.

"Iwishyoucouldseehim,"shesaidtoherownchildren,John,Harry,andClara."Heissuchahelptohismother.Hewantsverymuchtoearnsomemoney,butIdon'tseewhathecando."

Aftertheirmotherlefttheroom,thechildrensatthinkingaboutBernard."Iwishwecouldhelphimtoearnmoney,"saidClara."Hisfamilyissufferingsomuch."

"SodoI,"saidHarry."Wereallyshoulddosomethingtoassistthem."

Forsomemoments,Johnsaidnothing,but,suddenly,hesprangtohisfeetandcried,"Ihaveagreatidea!Ihaveasolutionthatwecanallhelpaccomplish(完成)."

Theotherchildrenalsojumpedupallattention.WhenJohnhadanidea,itwassuretobeagoodone."Itellyouwhatwecando,"saidJohn."YouknowthatbigboxofcornUncleJohnsentus?Well,wecanmakepopcorn(爆米花),andputitintopaperbags,andBernardcantakeitaroundtothehousesandsellit.''注意:

1.

續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.

請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

WhenMrs.MeredithheardofJohn'sidea,shethoughtitwasagoodone,too._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Witheverythingready,Bernardstartedoutonhisnewbusiness.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2020年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（山東卷）參考答案1-5ACBCA6-10BCBDB11-15ADDAC16-20GACBD21-25CACDA26-30BBDCB31-35CABDD36.wealthy

考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。“Inthe18thand19thcenturies,wealthypeopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.在18和19世紀(jì)，有錢人旅行和收集植物標(biāo)本、歷史文物和藝術(shù)品。”修飾名詞people，用形容詞形式作定語，故填wealthy

。37.or

考查并列連詞?！癟heykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobigoruntiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.他們把藏品放在家里，直到規(guī)模變得太大或者他們?nèi)ナ懒耍缓蠼唤o博物館?！备鶕?jù)句意可知“直到規(guī)模變得太大或者他們?nèi)ナ懒恕眜ntilitgottoobig和untiltheydied是并列成分，而且表選擇關(guān)系，因此用并列連詞or。38.formed

考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)?！癟he80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.例如，漢斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8萬件文物，成了1759年開館的大英博物館的核心藏品。”句中collectedbySirHansSloane是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾objects，后面的forexample是插入語，因此，該句的主語是The80,000objects，空格處是句子的謂語部分，根據(jù)時間狀語in1759，可知用一般過去時。39.which/that

考查定語從句?！癟he80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhich/that

openedin1759.例如，漢斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8萬件文物，成了1759年開館的大英博物館的核心藏品?！毕刃性~theBritishMuseum在定語從句中作opened的主語，且指代“物”，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用關(guān)系代詞which或that。40.arecalled

考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)?！癟hepartsofamuseumopentothepublicarecalledgalleriesorrooms.博物館對公眾開放的部分被叫做畫廊或展廳。”句中opentothepublic作定語，修飾Thepartsofamuseum，因此，該句的主語是Thepartsofamuseum，空格處是句子的謂語部分，根據(jù)下文時態(tài)和句意，可知用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。41.is考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)。“Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum'scollectionisondisplay.通常，博物館只有一小部分藏品展出?！痹摼涞闹髡Zasmallpartofamuseum'scollection是第三人稱單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)下文時態(tài)，可知用一般現(xiàn)在時is。42.themselves

考查反身代詞的用法。“Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalkingthrougharainforest.除了觀看展品外，參觀者還可以玩計算機(jī)模擬，想象自己生活在不同的歷史時期，或者漫步在雨林中?！痹摼涞闹髡Z是visitors，后面的imagine和前面的canplaywithcomputersimulations是并列謂語部分，空格部分作imagine賓語，而且和主語visitors表示“同一些人”，因此用反身代詞themselves

。43.walking

考查非謂語動詞的用法?！癆swellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistory