中考英語(yǔ)名詞考點(diǎn)集匯、講解和訓(xùn)練專題輔導(dǎo)

中考英語(yǔ)名詞考點(diǎn)集匯、講解和訓(xùn)練【考點(diǎn)直擊】一、名詞的數(shù)1．單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式后加詞尾“-s”構(gòu)成，其主要變法如下：（1）一般情況在詞尾加-s，例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys，pen→pens,doctor→doctors,boy→boys。（2）以s，x，ch，sh，結(jié)尾的詞加-es，例如：bus→buses，class→classes，box→boxes，watch→watches，brush→brushes。（3）以ce,se,ze,（d）ge結(jié)尾的名詞加s，例如：orange—oranges。（4）以輔音母加y結(jié)尾的詞變“y”為“i”再加-es,例如：city→cities,factory→factories,country→countries,family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加s，如：boy→boys,day→days。（5）以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)都加-es。例如:hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes,但詞末為兩個(gè)元音字母的詞只加-s。例如：zoo→zoos，radio→radios，還有某些外來(lái)詞也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，piano→pianos。（6）以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f為v再加-es，例如：knife→knives，leaf→leaves,half→halves。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s（或es）的讀音方法如下表所示。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s（或es）的讀音方法情況讀法例詞在[p][t][k][f]等清輔音后[s]cups,hats,cakes在[s][z][t][][F]等音后[iz]glasses,pages,oranges,buses,watches,faces在[b][d][][v]等濁輔音后[z]beds,dogs,cities,knives（7）少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，child→children，mouse→mice?！咀⒁狻颗cman和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。例如：anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans；man,woman等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定，如：menworkers，womenteachers。有個(gè)別名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一樣，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但當(dāng)fish表示不同種類的魚時(shí)，可以加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。（8）單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有：people,police等。（9）數(shù)詞+名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式，中間加連字符。例如：ten-minutes’walk,an8-year-oldgirl,aten-milewalk。（10）還有些名詞僅有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。（11）只用作單數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有：科學(xué)名詞：physics,mathematics/maths游戲名稱：bowls專有名詞：theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls其他名詞：news,falls2．不可數(shù)名詞“量”的表示方法在英語(yǔ)中，不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下兩種方法：（1）用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any等表示多少，例如：Therichmanhasalotofmoney．Thereissomemilkinthebottle．Isthereanywaterintheglass？Idon'tlikewinterbecausethere'stoomuchsnowandice．（2）用apieceof這類定語(yǔ)，例如：apieceofpaperapieceofwoodapieceofbreadabottleoforangeaglassofwater（milk）acupofteaacupofteaabagofricethreebagsofrice如果要表示“兩杯茶”、“四張紙”這類概念時(shí)，在容器后加復(fù)數(shù)，例如：twocupsofteafourpiecesofpaperthreeglassesofwater不可數(shù)名詞也可用alotof,lotsof,some,any,much等來(lái)修飾。二、名詞的所有格名詞所有格，用來(lái)表示人或物的所有，以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。1.表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加's,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是s'，例如：astudent'sroom,students'rooms,father'sshoes。2.如其結(jié)尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加's，如：Children'sDay。3.在表示時(shí)間、距離、長(zhǎng)度、重量、價(jià)格、世界、國(guó)家等名詞的所有格要用's，例如：atwentyminutes'walk，tenmiles'journey，aboat'slength，twopounds'weight,tendollars'worth。4.無(wú)生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：amapofChina，theendofthisterm，thecapitalofourcountry,thecoloroftheflowers。5.雙重所有格，例如：afriendofmyfather's。【注意】如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有's，則表示“分別有”，例如：John'sandMary'srooms（約翰和瑪麗各有一間，共兩間）；Tom'sandMary'sbikes（兩人各自的自行車）。兩個(gè)名詞并列，只有一個(gè)'s，則表示“共有”，例如：JohnandMary'sroom（約翰和瑪麗共有一間）；TomandMary'smother（即Tom與Mary是兄妹）。【實(shí)例解析】_________havesavedmanychildren’slives.

A.womandoctors

B.womendoctor

C.womendoctors

D.womandoctor

答案：C。該題考查的是名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的變化。woman作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要和被修飾的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。is_________bedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.

A.AnneandJane

B.Anne’sandJane’s

C.Anne’sandJane

D.AnneandJane’s

答案：D。該題考查的是并列名詞的所有格。兩人共有一個(gè)房間時(shí)，只在后面的名詞后加’s。3.Arethereany________onthefarm?

Yes,therearesome.

A.horse

B.duck

C.chicken

D.sheep

答案：D。該題考查的是特殊名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。從謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)判斷，主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。只有sheep可用作復(fù)數(shù)名詞。4.Whatwouldyouliketodrink,________ororange?

Orange,please.

A.hamburger

B.chip

C.tea

答案：C。該題考查的是名詞的類別。三種東西中只有tea能喝?！局锌佳菥殹恳?單項(xiàng)填空1．Wherehaveyoubeen,Tim?I’vebeento______.A.theHenryhouse

B.theHenryfamilyC.TheHenry’shome

D.Henry’s2．InEngland,if____isinthemiddleoftheday,theeveningmealiscalledsupper.A.food

B.lunch

C.breakfast

D.dinner3．Youlookedforittwice,butyouhaven’tfoundit.Whynottry____.A.threetimes

B.athirdtime

C.thethirdtime

D.once4．Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem______?Certainly.A.somebottlesofwaters

B.somebottlesofwaterC.somebottleofwater

D.somebottleofwaters5．Mikehurtoneofhis______intheaccidentyesterday.A.tooth

B.feet

C.hand

D.ear6．Thereissome_______ontheplate.A.cakes

B.meat

C.potato

D.pears7．InEngland,thelastnameisthe

_______.A.familyname

B.middle

C.givenname

D.fullname8．Thearegoingtofly_______toBeijing.A.Germen

B.Germany

C.Germanys

D.Germans9．The______hastwo_______.A.boys;watches

B.boy;watch

C.boy;watches

D.boys;watch10．Thelittlebabyhastwo_______already.A.tooth

B.tooths

C.teeth

D.teeths11．What’syour_______forbeinglateagain?A.idea

B.key

C.excuse

D.news12．It’sdangeroushere.We’dbettergooutquickly.ButIthinkweshouldlet_______gooutfirst.A.womanandchildren

B.womenandchildC.womanandchild

D.womenandchildren13．YoucanseeMr.Smithifthereisasign“_______”onthedoorofhisshop.Thanks.

HOURSSIDEUP

SMOKING14．Aretheygoingtohaveapicnicon_______?A.Children’sDay

B.Childrens’sDayC.ChildrensDay

D.ChildrenDay15．Wherearethestudents?Aretheyin_______?A.theRoom406

B.Room406

C.the406Room

D.406Room二.根據(jù)下列句子的情景及所給漢語(yǔ)注釋，寫出所缺單詞。1.We’vegotalotofnew________(雜志)inourschoollibrary.2.Pleaseturntoanother_______（頻道）,Idon’tlikethisshow.3.Yesterdaythe_________(航班)toLondonwasputoffbecauseofthebadweather..4.Autumnismyfavourite

(季節(jié))

5.Howmany_______(小刀)doyouhave?

Three.6.__________arewidelyusedinthemodernworld.

7.June1stis__________(兒童)Day.8.Mary,wouldyoupleasetellmeyournew________(地址)sothatIcanwritetoyou.9.Doesthispieceof______(音樂(lè))soundnice?

Yes.It’swonderful!10.May12thistheInternational_______(護(hù)士)Day.Let’ssay“Thanks”tothemfortheirwork.三.根據(jù)句意和所給首字母寫出所缺的單詞。1.“What’syourn_______?”

“LiLei.”2.Howmanyd_______doesyourunclehave?3.Pleaseclosethew______.It’scoldoutside.4.Ifyouw