2013公開課標(biāo)準(zhǔn)課程英語測評試卷一

2013公開課標(biāo)準(zhǔn)課程英語測評試卷（一）機(jī)密★啟用前2013屆全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試

（啟航教育公共課標(biāo)準(zhǔn)課程基礎(chǔ)階段測試卷）

英語

（第一次）答題注意事項.本試卷考試時間150分鐘，滿分100分。.試卷后面附有參考答案，供學(xué)員測試后核對。SectionIStructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoiceontheanswersheet.(20points)Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovideopportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessfulgroupdynamics.[A]durable[B]excessive[C]surplus[D]multipleByturningthisknobtotherightyoucanthesoundfromthisradio.[A]amplify[B]enlarge[C]magnify[D]reinforceUndertheconfrontingthemitwasimpossibletocontinuethestrikeanylonger.[A]surroundings[B]settings[C]circumstances[D]environmentsWehave thesystemofexploitationofmanbyman.[A]cancelled[B]abolished[C]refused[D]rejectedWeshallprobablyneverbeableto theexactnatureofthesesub-atomicparticles.[A]assert [B]impart[C]ascertain[D]notifyThisdiploma thatyouhavecompletedhighschool.[A]proves[B]certifies[C]secures[D]approvesUpuntilthattime,hisinteresthadfocusedalmostonfullymasteringtheskillsandtechniquesofhiscraft.[A]restrictively[B]radically[C]inclusively[D]exclusivelyThatsounddoesn'tinhislanguagesoit'sdifficultforhimtopronounce.[A]happen[B]takeplace[C]occur[D]runThesecurityguardtwomenwhowereyellinginthecourtroom.[A]expelled[B]propelled[C]repelled[D]dispelledInmostcasespoliticiansareastheyseldomtellthetruth.[A]credible[B]credulous[C]incredulous[D]incredibleHesoonreceivedpromotion,forhissuperiorsrealizedthathewasamanofconsiderable.[A]future [B]possibility[C]ability[D]opportunityBritainhasthehighestofroadtrafficintheworld—over60carsforeverymileofroad.[A]density[B]intensity[C]popularity[D]prosperityCCTVprogramsarebysatellitetotheremotestareasinthecountry.[A]transferred[B]transported[C]transformed[D]transmittedAnenergytaxwouldcurbordinaryairpollution,limitoilimportsandcutthebudget[A]disposition[B]deficit[C]defect[D]discrepancyThegovernmentwill areformintheeducationalsystem.[A]initiate[B]initial[C]initiative[D]intimateEstimates anywherefrom600000to3million.Althoughthefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermater:thatthenumberofthehomelessisincreasing.Oneofthefederalgovernment'sstudiespredictsthatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.[A]cover[B]change[C]differ[D]rangeAstimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame“personal”too,aswellasinstitutional,withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorageincreasing.[A]ability [B]capability [C]capacity[D]facultyItsoonbecomesclearthattheinteriordesigner'smostimportantbasicisthefunctionoftheparticularspace.Forexample,atheaterwithpoorsightlines,poorsound-shapingqualities,andtoofewentriesandexitswillnotworkforitspurpose,nomatterhowbeautifullyitmightbedecorated.[A]care[B]concern[C]attention[D]intentionThepurposeofnon-REMsleepisevenmoremysterious.Thenewexperiments,suchasthoseforthefirsttimeatarecentmeetingorthesocietyforSleepResearchinMinneapolis,suggestfascinatingexplanationsforthepurposeofnon-REMsleep.[A]maintained[B]described[C]settled[D]affordedChangesinthesocialstructuremayindirectlyjuvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythatleadtofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemploymentingeneralmakegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.[A]affect [B]reduce[C]check[D]reflectSectionIIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET.(20points)Healthimpliesmorethanphysicalfitness.Italsoimpliesmentalandemotionalwell-being.Anangry,frustrated,emotionally21personingoodphysicalconditionisnot22healthy.Mentalhealth,therefore,hasmuchtodo23howapersoncopeswiththeworldass/heexists.Manyofthefactorsthat24physicalhealthalsoaffectmentalandemotionalwell-being.Havingagoodself-imagemeansthatpeoplehavepositive25picturesandgood,positivefeelingsaboutthemselves,aboutwhattheyarecapable26,andabouttherolestheyplay.Peoplewithgoodself-imageslikethemselves,andtheyare27likeothers.Havingagoodself-imageisbased28arealistic,aswellaspositive,oroptimistic29ofone'sownworthandvalueandcapabilities.Stressisanunavoidable,necessary,andpotentiallyhealthful30ofoursociety.Peopleofallages31stress.Childrenbeginto32stressduringprenataldevelopmentandduringchildbirth.Examplesofstress-inducing33inthelifeofayoungpersonaredeathofapet,pressureto34academically,thedivorceofparents,orjoininganewyouthgroup.Thedifferentwaysinwhichindividuals35tostressmaybringhealthfulorunhealthyresults.Onepersonexperiencingagreatdealofstressmayfunctionexceptionallywell36anothermaybeunabletofunctionatall.Ifstressfulsituationsarecontinuallyencountered,theindividual'sphysical,social,andmentalhealthareeventuallyaffected.Satisfyingsocialrelationsarevitalto37mentalandemotionalhealth.Itisbelievedthatinorderto38,develop,andmaintaineffectiveandfulfillingsocialrelationshipspeoplemust39theabilitytoknowandtrusteachother,understandeachother,influence,andhelpeachother.Theymustalsobecapableof40conflictsinaconstructiveway.[A]unstable[B]unsure[C]imprecise[D]impractical[A]normally[B]generally[C]virtually [D]necessarily[A]on [B]at[C]to[D]with[A]signify[B]influence[C]predict[D]mark[A]intellectual[B]sensual[C]spiritual[D]mental[A]tobedoing[B]withdoing[C]todo [D]ofdoing[A]ablebetterto[B]abletobetter[C]bettertoable[D]betterableto[A]on[B]from[C]at[D]about[A]assessment[B]decision[C]determination[D]assistance[A]ideality [B]realization [C]realism[D]reality[A]occur [B]engage [C]confront [D]encounter[A]tolerate[B]sustain[C]experience[D]undertakeTOC\o"1-5"\h\z[A]evidence [B] accidents [C]adventures [D]events[A]acquire [B] achieve [C]obtain [D]fulfill[A]respond [B] return [C]retort [D]reply[A]why [B]when [C] while[D]where[A]sound [B]all-round [C]entire[D]whole[A]illuminate[B]enunciate[C]enumerate[D]initiate[A]access [B]assess [C]process[D]possess[A]resolving [B]saluting [C]dissolving [D]solvingSectionIIIReadingComprehensionReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D]MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET(40points)Text1Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety'sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone'slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.ExamplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcenturyintheUnitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.Inmodernsociety,ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceandtherenolongerisagreementastowhatconstitutesinitiationceremonies.Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadtoincreasedrecognitionandsocialstatus.Forexample,gradeschoolgraduation,highschoolgraduationandcollegegraduationconstitutesuchasequence,andwhileeachstepimpliescertainbehavioralchangesandsocialrecognition,thesignificanceofeachdependsonthesocio-economicstatusandtheeducationalambitionoftheindividual.Ceremoniesforadolescencehavealsobeenreplacedbylegaldefinitionsofstatusroles,right,privilegesandresponsibilities.Itisduringthenineyearsfromthetwelfthbirthdaytothetwenty-firstthattheprotectiveandrestrictiveaspectsofchildhoodandminorstatusareremovedandadultprivilegesandresponsibilitiesaregranted.Thetwelve-year-oldisnolongerconsideredachildandhastopayfullfarefortrain,airplane,theaterandmovietickets.Basically,theindividualatthisageloseschildhoodprivilegeswithoutgainingsignificantadultrights.Attheageofsixteentheadolescentisgrantedcertainadultrightswhichincreaseshissocialstatusbyprovidinghimwithmorefreedomandchoices.Henowcanobtainadriver'slicense;hecanleavepublicschools;andhecanworkwithouttherestrictionsofchildlaborlaws.Attheageofeighteenthelawprovidesadultresponsibilitiesaswellasrights;theyoungmancannowbeasoldier,buthealsocanmarrywithoutparentalpermission.Attheageoftwenty-onetheindividualobtainshisfulllegalrightsasanadult.Henowcanvote,hecanbuyliquor,hecanenterintofinancialcontracts,andheisentitledtorunforpublicoffice.Noadditionalbasicrightsareacquiredasafunctionofageaftermajoritystatushasbeenattained.Noneoftheselegalprovisionsdetermineatwhatpointadulthoodhasbeenreachedbuttheydopointtotheprolongedperiodofadolescence.Theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerinindustrialsocietiesbecause .thedefinitionofmaturityhaschangedtheindustrializedsocietyismoredevelopedmoreeducationisprovidedandlawsagainstchildlaboraremadeceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceFormersocialceremoniesthatusedtomarkadolescencehavegivenplaceto.graduationsfromschoolsandcollegessocialrecognitionsocio-economicstatuscertainbehavioralchangesNoonecanexpecttofullyenjoytheadulthoodprivilegesuntilheis.elevenyearsoldsixteenyearsoldtwenty-oneyearsoldbetweentwelveandtwenty-oneyearsoldStartingfrom22,.onewillobtainmorebasicrightstheolderonebecomes,themorebasicrightshewillhaveonewon'tgetmorebasicrightsthanwhenheis21onewillenjoymorerightsgrantedbysocietyAccordingtothepassage,itistruethatinthelate19thcenturyintheUnitedStatesthedividinglinebetweenadolescenceandadulthoodnolongerexistednoonecanmarrywithoutthepermissionofhisparentsuntiltheageoftwenty-oneoneisconsideredtohavereachedadulthoodwhenhehasadriver’slicenseoneisnotfreefromtherestrictionsofchildlaborlawsuntilhecanjointhearmText2Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingoverisforreal.Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1987.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince1991,productivityhasincreasedbyabout2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1978-1987average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asRobertRubin,thetreasurysecretary,says,a“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.aremoreTwootherexplanationsspeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.aremoreLeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBongPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch“re-engineering”hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,hebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost.Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolongtermprofitability.BBDO'sAlRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish—“theworstsortofambulancecashing.”Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis .notasgoodasitseemsatitsturningpointmuchbetterthanitseemsneartocompleterecoveryTheofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth.excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscyclefallshortofbusinessmen'santicipationmeettheexpectationofbusinesspeoplefailtoreflectthetruestateofeconomyTheauthorraisesthequestion“whataboutpainwithoutgain?”because.hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain”hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworkshewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleadinghehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinessesWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelptoincreaseproductivity.Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlongtermprofitability.Theconsultantsareabunchofgood-for-nothings.Accordingtothepassage,theauthor'biasedoptimisticambiguousnegativeText3MoneyspentonadvertisingismoneyspentaswellasanyIknowof.Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.Bydrawingattentiontonewideasithelpsenormouslytoraisestandardsofliving.Byhelpingtoincreasedemanditensuresanincreasedneedforlabour,andisthereforeaneffectivewaytofightunemployment.Itlowersthecostsofmanyservices:withoutadvertisementsyourdailynewspaperwouldcostfourtimesasmuch,thepriceofyourtelevisionlicensewouldneedtobedoubled,andtravelbybusortubewouldcost20percentmore.Andperhapsmostimportantofall,advertisingprovidesaguaranteeofreasonablevalueintheproductsandservicesyoubuy.Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsofParliamentgovernthetermsofadvertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfailstoliveuptothepromiseofhisadvertisements.Hemightfoolsomepeopleforalittlewhilethroughmisleadingadvertising.Hewillnotdosoforlong,formercifullythepublichasthegoodsensenottobuytheinferiorarticlemorethanonce.Ifyouseeanarticleconsistentlyadvertised,itisthesurestproofIknowthatthearticledoeswhatisclaimedforit,andthatitrepresentsgoodvalue.AdvertisingdoesmoreforthematerialbenefitofthecommunitythananyotherforceIcanthinkof.ThereisonemorepointIfeelIoughttotouchon.RecentlyIheardawell-knowntelevisionpersonalitydeclarethathewasagainstadvertisingbecauseitpersuadesratherthaninforms.Hewasdrawingexcessivelyfinedistinctions.Ofcourseadvertisingseekstopersuade.Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinformation—andthatinitselfwouldbedifficultifnotimpossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolourofashirtissubtlypersuasive—advertisingwouldbesoboringthatnoonewouldpayanyattention.Butperhapsthatiswhatthewell-knowntelevisionpersonalitywants.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat.heisfairlyfamiliarwiththecostofadvertisingeverybodyknowswellthatadvertisingismoneyconsumingadvertisingcostsmoneylikeeverythingelseitisworthwhiletospendmoneyonadvertisingInthepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheadvantagesofadvertising?Securinggreaterfame.[C]Enhancinglivingstandards.Providingmorejobs.Reducingnewspapercost.Theauthordeemsthatthewell-knownTVpersonalityis .verypreciseinpassinghisjudgmentonadvertisinginterestedinnothingbutthebuyers'attentioncorrectintellingthedifferencebetweenpersuasionandinformationobviouslypartialinhisviewsonadvertisingIntheauthor'sopinion,.advertisingcanseldombringmaterialbenefittomanbyprovidinginformationadvertisinginformspeopleofnewideasratherthanwinsthemoverthereisnothingwrongwithadvertisinginpersuadingthebuyerthebuyerisnotinterestedingettinginformationfromanadvertisementThebesttitleforthepassagewouldprobablybe .PositiveandNegativeAspectsofAdvertisingBenefitsBroughtbyAdvertisingandItsPersuasiveFunctionAdvertisingTheBestPersuasiveandInformationMediumAdvertisingtheMostEffectiveWaytoPromoteProductsText4Itwas3:45inthemorningwhenthevotewasfinallytaken.Aftersixmonthsofarguingandfinal16hoursofhotparliamentarydebates,Australia'sNorthernTerritorybecamethefirstlegalauthorityintheworldtoallowdoctorstotakethelivesofincurablyillpatientswhowishtodie.Themeasurepassedbytheconvincingvoteof15to10.AlmostimmediatelywordflashedontheInternetandwaspickedup,halfaworldaway,byJohnHofsess,executivedirectoroftheRighttoDieSocietyofCanada.Hesentitonviathegroup’son-lineservice,DeathNET.SaysHofsess:“Wepostedbulletinsalldaylong,becauseofcoursethisisn'tjustsomethingthathappenedinAustralia.It'sworldhistory.”Thefullimportmaytakeawhiletosinkin.TheNTRightsoftheTerminallyIlllawhasleftphysiciansandcitizensaliketryingtodealwithitsmoralandpracticalimplications.Somehavebreathedsighsofrelief,others,includingchurches,righttolifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalAssociation,bitterlyattackedthebillandthehasteofitspassage.Butthetideisunlikelytoturnback.InAustralia—whereanagingpopulation,lifeextendingtechnologyandchangingcommunityattitudeshaveallplayedtheirpart—otherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.IntheUSandCanada,wheretherighttodiemovementisgatheringstrength,observersarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling.UnderthenewNorthernTerritorylaw,anadultpatientcanrequestdeath—probablybyadeadlyinjectionorpill—toputanendtosuffering.Thepatientmustbediagnosedasterminallyillbytwodoctors.Aftera“coolingoff”periodofsevendays,thepatientcansignacertificateofrequest.After48hoursthewishfordeathcanbemet.ForLloydNickson,a54yearoldDarwinresidentsufferingfromlungcancer,theNTRightsofTerminallyIlllawmeanshecangetonwithlivingwithoutthehauntingfearofhissuffering:aterrifyingdeathfromhisbreathingcondition."I’mnotafraidofdyingfromaspiritualpointofview,butwhatIwasafraidofwashowI'dgo,becauseI'vewatchedpeopledieinthehospitalfightingforoxygenandclawingattheirmasks,“hesays.Fromthesecondparagraphwelearnthattheobjectiontoeuthanasiaisslowtocomeinothercountriesphysiciansandcitizenssharethesameviewoneuthanasiachangingtechnologyischieflyresponsibleforthehastypassageofthelawittakestimetorealizethesignificanceofthelaw'spassageWhentheauthorsaysthatobserversarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling,hemeans.observersaretakingawaitandseeattitudetowardsthefutureofeuthanasiasimilarbillsarelikelytobepassedintheUS,Canadaandothercountriesobserversarewaitingtoseetheresultofthegameofdominoestheeffect-takingprocesso