《微觀經(jīng)濟學》(雙語)試卷B及答案

第第#頁共3頁：號學題號四五：號學題號四五總分分數(shù)評卷人本試卷適用于試卷所需時間120分鐘。閉卷考試，總分100分。考試日期：：名姓：級班業(yè)?！段⒂^經(jīng)濟學》（雙語）試卷B一、單項選擇題：（共20小題，每題1分，共20分）Anormalgood:musthaveanupward-slopingdemandcurve.musthaveadownward-slopingdemandcurve.couldpossiblyhaveanupward-slopingdemandcurve.willhaveahorizontaldemandcurve.AGiffengood:A.hasanupward-slopingdemandcurve.B.hasadownward-slopingdemandcurve.C.hasahorizontaldemandcurve. D.hasaverticaldemandcurve.：系院Theconsumeroptimumoccursat:：系院anypointofintersectionbetweenthebudgetlineandanindifferencecurve.apointoftangencybetweenthebudgetlineandanindifferencecurve.thepointwheretheslopeoftheindifferencecurveequalstheratioofthequantities.apointwherethebudgetlinecutsthecurvefrombelow.Theslopeofthebudgetconstraintlineisequalto:theratioofmarginalutilities.theratioofmoneyincometothepriceofthegoodonthehorizontalaxis.theratioofmoneyincometothepriceofthegoodontheverticalaxis.therelativepriceofthetwogoods—thepriceofonegoodcomparedwiththepriceoftheother.5.Assumethedemandcurveforcompactdiscsslopesdownwards,andthesupplycurveslopesupwards.IfthepriceofCDplayersdecreases,then:theequilibriumpriceofcompactdiscswillfalltheequilibriumpriceofcompactdiscswillrisetheequilibriumpriceofcompactdiscswillstaythesameNoneoftheabovearecorrectfa5%increaseinincomeleadstoa12%increaseinthequantitydemandedofmobilephones,ceterisparibus,thevalueoftheincomeelasticityofdemandformobilephonesis:2.4andmobilephonesareanormalgood0.42andmobilephonesareanormalgood2.4andmobilephonesareaninferiorgood0.42andmobilephonesareaninferiorgoodDemandforagoodislikelytobemoreelastic:thesmallerthefractionofconsumerincomeabsorbedbythegoodintheshortrunthaninthelongrunthemorebroadlydefinedthegoodthegreaterthenumberofavailablesubstitutesforthegoodTherateatwhichafirmcansubstituteonefactorforanotherwhilestillproducingthesamelevelofoutputisknownasthe:A.degreeofreturnstoscale B.marginalrateofsubstitutionC.marginalrateoftechnicalsubstitution D.marginalphysicalproductThemarginaloutputrulestatesthatifafirmdoesnotshutdown,thenitshouldproduceoutputatalevelwhere:A.averagerevenueequalsaveragecostB.marginalrevenueequalsmarginalcostC.marginalrevenueequalsaveragecostD.marginalcostequalsaveragerevenueSupposethatallthefirmsinacompetitiveindustryhaveaccesstothesametechnologyandthatinputpricesarenotaffectedbythesizeoftheindustry.Iftheminimumvalueofthelong-runaveragecostcurveis￡5,thenentryofnewfirmswilloccuruntilthemarketprice:A.equals￡6B.equals￡7C.equals￡5orlessD.exceeds￡5Foraprice-takingfirminboththeinputandoutputmarkets,theMRPcurveforlabourslopesdownwardbecause:ofthediminishingmarginalproductivityoflabourtheoutputpricefallsastheoutputlevelrisesthewageraterisesastheamountoflabourrisesBothAandBarecorrectExplainthefollowing"puzzle."Overthelongrun,worldwidesuppliesofagricultureproductshaveincreaseddramatically,butatthesametimefarmers'incomeshavealsofallensharply.Totalrevenuefromfarmingdecreasedasoutputincreasedbecausedemandformostfarmproductsisinelastic.Thedemandforfarmproductshasdeclinedoverthepastfewdecades.Farmpricesupportshaverobbedfarmersoftheirincome.Alloftheabove.Whichofthefollowingisnotanaccuratestatementaboutcross-priceelasticity?Whetheragoodisasubstituteorcomplementhasnoeffectonitscross-priceelasticity.Cross-elasticityofdemandforasubstituteispositive.Cross-priceelasticityofdemandmeasureshowthequantitydemandedofonegoodchangesasthepriceofanothergoodchanges.Cross-elasticity=%changeQdgood1/%changePgood2Ifa20percentincreaseinpriceresultsinthesamequantitysoldbeforeandafterthepricehike,priceelasticityofdemandis:A.infinity B.0.20 C.zero D.1.0Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?Whenmarginalcostisgreaterthanaveragecost,averagecostisfalling.Whenmarginalcostislessthanaveragecost,averagecostisincreasing.Whenaveragecostisatitsmaximum,marginalcostisequaltoaveragecost.Whenaveragecostisatitsminimum,marginalcostisequaltoaveragecostImplicitcostsare:thepaymentsmadetolabouronly.thepaymentsmadebythefirmtoothers.theopportunitycostofresourcesownedbythefirm.thesameasaccountingprofit.Whenmarginalcostisrising:averagevariablecostmustberising.averagevariablecostmustbefalling.Caveragevariablecostmayberisingorfalling.D.averagefixedcostmustberising.Whenafirm'scostcurvesexhibiteconomiesofscale:thelong-runaveragecostcurveishorizontal.thelong-runaveragecostcurveisdownward-sloping.thelong-runaveragecostcurveisupward-sloping.thelong-runaveragecostequalstheshort-runaveragecostforalllevelsofoutput.Economicprofitsforperfectlycompetitivefirms:willcontinueinthelongrunforafewefficientfirms.willshifttheindustrydemandfunctionrightward.willattractnewfirmsintotheindustryinthelongrun.willresultinanincreaseinlong-runequilibriumprice..Whichofthefollowingindustriesisclosesttoperfectcompetition?A.steel B.cereal C.wheat D.aluminum二、判斷題（T/F）：（共10小題，每題1分，共10分）Marketfailurereferstoasituationinwhichthemarketdoesnotallocateresourcesefficiently.Drugeducation,whichreducesthedemandfordrugs,canreducebothdruguseanddrug-relatedcrime.Themarketclearingpricewillalwaysbelowerthantheequilibriumprice.Theflatterthedemandcurvethatpassesthroughagivenpoint,themoreinelasticthedemand.Thelaborsupplycurvereflectshowworkers’decisionsaboutthelabor-leisuretradeoffrespondtochangesintheopportunitycostofleisure.Ifapriceceilingof$2pergallonisimposedongasoline,butthemarketequilibriumpriceis$1.50,thepriceceilingisabindingconstraintonthemarket.Theareaabovethedemandcurveandbelowthepricemeasurestheconsumersurplusinamarket.Efficiencyreferstowhetheramarketoutcomeisfair,whileequityreferstowhetherthemaximumamountofoutputwasproducedfromagivennumberofinputs.Whenafirmoperatesatefficientscale,itisproducingattheminimumpointonitsaveragetotalcostcurve.Ingeneral,ataxburdenfallsmoreheavilyonthesideofthemarketthatismoreinelastic.三、名詞解釋：（共6小題，每小題3分，共18分）Positiveanalysis;2.Cardinalutilityfunction;3.Cross-priceeffectOpportunitycost;5.Aprice-takingfirm;6.Compensatingdifferentials四、簡述題：（共4小題，每題8分，共32分）Whatarethedeterminantsofpriceelasticityofdemand,andhowdoeseachaffectelasticity?ListandbrieflyexplaineachofthefourpropertiesofIndifferenceCurves.Ifaneventoccurredwhichchangedamarketequilibrium,howwouldaneconomistgoaboutanalyzingthechangeinequilibrium?Listthefactorswhicharekeydeterminantsoftheproductivityoflabor.Foreachone,describehoweachspecificallyinfluenceslaborproductivity.五、作圖分析題：（共2小題，每小題10分，共20分）Whatisthedifferencebetweena“changeindemand”anda“changeinquantitydemanded”?Graphyouranswer.（NOTE:Exampleswillbeconducivetoahighmark）Useagraphtodemonstratethecircumstancesthatwouldprevailinaperfectlycompetitivemarketwherefirmsareexperiencingeconomiclosses.Identifycosts,revenue,andtheeconomiclossesonyourgraph.Usingyourgraph,determinewhetherthisfirmwillshutdownintheshortrun,orchoosetoremaininthemarket.Explainyouranswer.

一、單項選擇題：（共20小題，每小題1分，共20分）12345678910ACCBBDDCBB11121314151617181920BDABDBDDBB二、判斷題：（共10小題，每題1分，共10分）12345678910TTFFTFFFTT三、名詞解釋：（共6小題，每小題3分，共18分）《微觀經(jīng)濟學》（雙語）試卷B答案2.(1)Higherindifferencecurvesarepreferredtolowerones.《微觀經(jīng)濟學》（雙語）試卷B答案2.(1)Higherindifferencecurvesarepreferredtolowerones.(2points)(2)Indifferencecurvesaredownwardsloping.(2points)Cardinalutilityfunction:Thevaluesoftheutilityfunctiontellusexactlyhowmuchbettersomecommoditybundlesarethanotherbundles.Cross-priceeffect:Theimpactofachangeinthepriceofonegoodonthequantitydemandedofanothergood.Opportunitycost:thevalueofthemosthighlyvaluedforgonealternative.Aprice-takingfirm:itchoosesitsactionsundertheassumptionthatitcannotinfluencethepricesoftheoutputthatitsellsortheinputsthatitbuys.Compensatingdifferentials:refertodifferencesinwagesthatarisesfromnonmonetarycharacteristicsofdifferentjobs.四、簡述題：(共4小題，每題8分，共32分)1.(1)Whetherthegoodisaluxuryoranecessity.Luxuriestendtohavehigherpriceelasticitiesofdemandandnecessitiestendtohavesmallpriceelasticitiesofdemand.Availabilityofclosesubstitutes.Goodswithclosesubstitutestendtohavemoreelasticdemandthandogoodswithoutclosesubstitutes.(2points)Definitionofthemarket.Narrowlydefinedmarketstendtohavemoreelasticdemand,andbroadlydefinedmarketstendtohavelesselasticdemand.(2points)Timehorizon.Thelongerthetimehorizonoverwhichdemandismeasured,thegreateristheabilityofbuyersofthegoodtofindsubstitutesforproductswhosepriceshaverisen.Therefore,thelongerthetimehorizon,ceterisparibus,thelargeristheelasticityofdemand.(2points)Indifferencecurvesdonotcross.(2points)Indifferencecurvesarebowedinward.(2points)Analyzingchangesinequilibriumiscalledcomparativestatics.Thethreestepsindoingcomparativestaticsare:(2points)Decidewhethertheeventshiftsthesupplycurveorthedemandcurve.(2points)Decidewhichdirectionthecurveshifts.(2points)Usethesupply-and-demanddiagramtoseehowtheshiftchangestheequ