英語B級考試試題答案

.z.-2011年英語B級考試試卷答案一、單項選擇題〔說明：這是我同學(xué)給的〕1Howcanwereducetheriskofcancer"AAcutinBcutdownCcutoffDcutout2Thesteadilyrisingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatlyincreasedthecostofshippingcargobywater.AcontinuouslyBquicklyCexcessivelyDexceptionally3Duringthepasttenyearstherehavebeendramaticchangesintheinternationalsituation.AApermanentBpowerfulCstrikingDpractical4Themostcrucialproblemanyeconomicsystemfacesishowtouseitsscarceresources.ApuzzlingBdifficultCterrifyingDurgent5Hisnewgirlfriendhadomittedtotellhimthatshewasmarried.AfailedBdeletedCrefusedDrejected6Thesubstancecanbeaddedtogasolinetoacceleratethespeedofautomobiles.AquickenBshortenCCloosenDenlarge7Weshouldnevercontentourselveswithalittleknowledgeonly.AAconvinceBsatisfy-CfortDbenefit8Weshouldcontemplatedtheproblemfromallsides.AdeliberatedBthoughtCdescribedDdesigned9Hishealthhaddeterioratedwhilehewasinprison.AbecamebetterBbecameworseCbecamestrongerDbecameweaker10Ifyouwantmyadvice,youshouldreviseyourplanforthetriptoBeijing.AchangeBexchangeCenlargeDencourage11Smokingisinhibitedinpublicplaces.AinstructedBinquiredCforbiddenDstrived12.Heissaidtobesufferingfromterminalcancerandhasaskedforeuthanasia(安樂死)AacuteBchronicCCfinalDfatal13Ifeltimpelledtotellthetruth.ApromotedBinducedCCpelledDimproved14Itsprudenttotakeathickcoatincoldweatherwhenyougoout.AcontroversialBreasonableCsensibleDsensitive15Areyoupositivethatthere’sbeennomistake".z..z.-ArationalBreasonableCcertainDboundAnObservationandanExplanationItisworthlookingatoneortwoaspectsofthewayamotherbehavestowardsherbaby.Theusualfondling,cuddlingandcleaningrequirelittlement,butthepositioninwhichsheholdsthebabyagainstherbodywhenrestingisratherrevealing.Carefulstudieshaveshownthefactthat80percentofmothersholdtheirinfantsintheirleftarms,holdingthemagainsttheleftsideoftheirbodies.Ifaskedtoexplainthesignificanceofthispreferencemostpeoplereplythatitisobviouslytheresultofthepredominanceofright-handednessinthepopulation.Byholdingthebabiesintheirleftarms,themotherskeeptheirdominantarmfreeformanipulations.ButadetailedanalysisshowsthatthisisnotthecasETrue,thereisaslightdifferencebetweenright-handedandleft-handedfemales。butnotenoughtoprovideadequateexplanation.Itemergesthat83percentofright-handedmothersholdthebabyontheleftside,butsodo78percentofleft-handedmothers.Inotherwords,only22percentoftheleft-handedmothershavetheirdominanthandsfreeforactions.Clearlytheremustbesomeother,lessobviousexplanation.Theonlyotherclueesfromthefactthattheheartisonthesideofthemother’sbody.Coulditbethatthesoundofherheartbeatisthevitalfactor"Andinwhatway"Thinkingalongtheselinesitwasarguedthatperhapsduringitsexistenceinsidethebodyofthemothertheunbornbabygetusedtothesoundoftheheartbeat.Ifthisisso,thenthere-discoveryofthisfamiliarsoundafterbirthmighthaveaclaimingeffectontheinfant,especiallyasithasjustbeenbornintoastrangeandfrighteninglynewworlDifthisissothenthemotherwould,somehow,soonarriveatthediscoverythatherbabyismoreatpeaceifheldontheleftagainstherheartthanontheright.16Wecanlearnalotbyobservingthepositioninwhichamotherholdsherbabyagainstherbody.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17Mostleft-handedwomenfeelfortablebyholdingtheirbabiesintheirleftarmandkeeptherightarmfree.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18Thenumberofright-handedmotherswhoholdthebabyontheleftsideexceedsthatofleft-handedonesby22%.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned.z.-19Thefactthatmostleft-handedmothersholdthebabyontheirleftsiderendersthefirstexplanationunsustainable.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20Thefactthattheheartisontheleftsideofthemothersbodyprovidesthemostconvincingexplanationofall.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned21Ababyheldintherightarmofitsmothercanbeeasilyfrightened.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned22Thewritersexplanationofthephenomenonissupportedbythefactthatbabiestendtobemorepeacefulifheldintheirmothersleftarmsthanintherightarms.ARightBWrongCNotmentionedCaringfortheoldTheTheolddonothavetolookexclusivelytothepast.Relievedofsomeoflife’sresponsibilitiesandfortifiedbymanyyearsofexperienceandknowledge,theymayhaveamuchbetterideaofhowtospendtheirtimeenjoyablythantheydidintheiryouth.Andnotallenjoymentisrestrictedtothementalorphilosophical.Healthyphysicalactivityremainsquitepossibleformostofuswellintoourlateryears.Oldpeoplesometimesdisplaysurprisingfreedomandforthrightnessintheexpressionoftheirthoughtsandfeelings,andanabilitytotransmitaffection.Itisasthoughsomeoftheritualswhichconstrictusinearlierlifefallaway.ButButahigherpercentageofpeoplesufferfromemotionaldistressinoldagethanatanyothertimeinadultlife,andthegapbetweenneedandcareisoftenfilledbydubiousmeasures,suchasheavy-handedprescriptionofmedicinEFormanyyearsitwasassumedthatoldpeoplewerenotappropriatecandidatesforpsychotherapy.Butafewclinicianshaverisentothechallengeanddiscoveredthatindividualandgrouppsychotherapyisjustaseffectivewiththeoldaswiththeyoung.Itiseasytounderstandwhyanearthquakecausesterror.Yetinoldagetheremaybeterrorofaveryprivatenature,asenseofdisintegrationsometimesstemmingfrominnerconflicts,sometimesfromapremonitionofdeathorthefearofbeingdependent..z.-Dependencyisagrimchoice:insecurityanddeprivationmustbeweighedagainstlossofautonomyandintegrity.Butifthereisnothingshamefulaboutthedependencyofababyorayoungchild,thereshouldbenothingshamefulaboutthedependenciesnaturalwitholdageanddiminishingphysicalresources.Theplexityandimpersonalityofthebureaucraticestablishments,whichhavethemeanstoprovidehelp,areoftenthreateningtooldpeoplETheyoungergenerationtoday,ontheotherhand,willhavehadmanydecadestointeractwith"thesystem"bythetimetheyreacholdage.Manyofus,includinghealthcareproviders,assumethatweknowwhatoldpeopleanddyingpeoplewant,butourassumptionsareoftenareflectionsofourwonthoughtsandfeelingsbasedonpersonalinterpretationsofscantybitsofobservation.Suchassumptionsarereallyanexcusetoavoidclosecontactwiththeterminallyill.Assumingwe"know"whattheywant,weobserveourselvesfrombeingwiththem,andsharingtheirthoughtsabouttheendoflife.Wesometimesassume,wrongly,thatoldpeoplearetooconfusedorseniletobeawareofthenearnessofdeath.Inconsequence,municationbetweenadyingandothersissubjecttoextraordinaryomissionsanddistortions."Protecting"thedyingfromknowledgeoftheirconditionoftenservestoprotectusfromtheunfortableprospectoftalkingaboutdyinganddeath.Evasionslikethisonlyleadtoincreasingisolationatatimewhenemotionalhonestyandunderstandingaremostneeded.23paragraph1224paragraph2225paragraph3226paragraph5AKnowingbetterhowtoenjoylifeBFreedominexpressionCPsychotherapyeffectivewithsomeoftheoldDPeriodofgreateremotionaldistressEDependency:agrimchoiceFGuiltiness:dependency27Oldpeoplemaywellbeactivein.z.-28Oldpeoplesometimesknowbetter29Itisanaturalthing30Weoftenthinkthatweknowthefeelingofadyingperson,AhowtoshowlovetoothersBhowtoshowangertoothersCyetweknowwearewrongDvariouskindsofsportsEbutweareoftenwrongFthatoldpeopledependonothers四、閱讀理解AGay(n.同性戀Biologist(n.生物學(xué)家同性戀)生物學(xué)家)MolecularbiologistDeanHammerhasblueeyes,lightbrownhairandagoodsenseofhumor.Hesmokescigarettes,spendslonghoursinanoldlaboratoryattheUSNationalInstituteofHealth,andinhisfreetimeclimbsupcliffsandpointshisskisdownsteepslopes.Healsohappenstobeopenly,matter-of-factlygay.WhatisitthatmakesHammerwhoheis"What,forthatmatter,accountsforthetalentsandtraitsthatmakeupanyone’spersonality"Hammerisnotcontentmerelytoasksuchquestions。heistryingtoanswerthemaswell.Apioneerinthefieldofmolecularpsychology,Hammerisexploringtherolegenesplayingoverningtheverycoreofourindividuality.Toaremarkableextent,hisworkonwhatmightbecalledthegay,thrill-seekingandquit-smokinggenesreflectshowowngeneticpredispositions.Thatwork,whichhasappearedmostlyinscientificjournals,hasbeengatheredintoanaccessibleandquitereadableforminHammer’screativenewbook,LivingwithOurGenes."youhaveaboutasmuchchoiceinsomeaspectofyourpersonality.〞Hamerandco-authorPeterCopelandwriteintheintroductorychapter,"asyoudointheshapeofyournoseorthesizeofyourfeet.〞Untilrecently,researchintobehavioralgeneticswasdominatedbypsychiatristsandpsychologists,whobasedtheirmostpellingconclusionsabouttheimportanceofgenesonstudiesof.z.-identicaltwins.Forexample,psychologistMichaelBaileyofNorthwesternUniversityfamouslydemonstratedthatifoneidenticaltwinisgay,thereisabouta50%likelihoodthattheotherwillbetoo.Sevenyearsago,Hamerpickedupwherethetwinstudiesleftoff,hominginonspecificstripsofDNAthatappeartoinfluenceeverythingfrommoodtosexualorientation.HamerHamerswitchedtobehavioralgeneticsfrombasicresearch,afterreceivinghisdoctoratefromHarvard,hespentmorethanadecadestudyingthebiochemistryofaproteinthatcellsusetometabolizeheavymetalslikecopperandzinc.Ashewasabouttoturn40,however,Hamersuddenlyrealizedhehadlearnedasmuchabouttheproteinashecaredto."Frankly,Iwasbored,〞heremembers,"andreadyforsomethingnew.〞Homosexualbehavior,inparticular,seemedripeforexplorationbecausefewscientistshaddaredtacklesuchanemotionallyandpoliticallychargedsubject."Imgay,〞Hamersayswithashrug,"butthatwasnotamajormotivation.Itwasmoreofaquestionofintellectualcuriosity—andthefactthatnooneelsewasdoingthissortofresearch〞31ThefirstparagraphdescribesHamer’sAlooks,hobbiesandcharacter.Bviewpointonhomosexuality.Cuniquelife-style.Dscientificresearchwork.332HamerwasaAApsychiatrist.Bphysiologist.CCchemist.DDbiologist.33WhatisHamerdoingnow"AHeisexploringtheroleofgenesindecidingone’sintelligence.BHeisexploringtheroleofgenesindecidingone’spersonality..z.-CHeiswritingabookentitled"LivewithOurGenes.〞DHeistryingtoanswersomequestionsonatestpaper.34WhathappenedtoHamer’sresearchinterest"AHeturnedtobasicresearch.BHestickedtobasicresearch.CHeturnedtobehavioralgenetics.DHestickedtobehavioralgenetics.35AccordingtoHamer,whatwasoneofthemainreasonsforhimtochoosehomosexualbehaviorashisresearchsubject"AHeisagayandhewantstocurehimself.BHewascuriousaboutitasascientist.CHewascuriousaboutitlikeeveryoneelse.DItisasubjectthatcanleadtopoliticalsuccess.SilentandDeadlyTransientTransientischemicattacks(TIAS),ormini-strokes,resultfromtemporaryinterruptionsofbloodflowtothebrain.Unlikefullstrokes,theypresentsymptomslastinganywherefromafewsecondsto24hours.Rarelydotheycausepermanentneurologicaldamage,buttheyareoftenprecursorsofamajorstroke."Ourmessageisquiteclear,〞saysDr.RobertAdams,professorofneurologyattheMedicalCollegeofGeorgiainAugust."TIAS，whilelessseverethanstrokesintheshortterm,arequitedangerousandneedaquickdiagnosisandtreatmentaswellasappropriatefollow-uptopreventfutureinjury.〞Unfortunately,mini-strokesaregreatlyunderdiagnosed.AstudyconductedfortheNationalStrokeAssociationindicatesthat2.5%ofalladultsaged18orolder(about4.9millionpeopleintheU.S.)haveexperiencedaconfirmedTIA.Anadditional1.2millionAmericansovertheageof45,thestudyshowed,havemostlikelysufferedamini-strokewithoutrealizingit.Thesefindingssuggestthatifthepublicknewhowtospotthesymptomsofstroke,especiallymini-strokes,andsoughtpromptmedicaltreatment,thousandsoflivescouldbesavedandmajordisabilitycouldbeavoided..z.-Theproblemisthatthesymptomsofamini-strokeareoftensubtleandpassing.Nonetheless,therearesignsyoucanlookoutfor:*Numbnessorweaknessintheface,armorleg,especiallyononesideofthebody.*Troubleseeinginoneorbotheyes.*Confusionanddifficultyspeakingorunderstanding.*Difficultywalking,dizzinessorlossofcoordination.*Severeheadachewithnoknowncause.Alongwiththesesymptoms,researchershaveidentifiedsomekeyindicatorsthatincreaseyourchancesofhavingafull-blownstrokeafteraTIA:ifyou’reover60,haveexperiencedsymptomslastinglongerthan10minutes,feelweakandhaveahistoryofdiabetes.AsAswithmanydiseases,youcanhelpyourselfbychangingyourlifestyle.Thefirstthingsyoushoulddoarequitsmoking,limityourintakeofalcoholtonomorethanadrinkortwoadayandincreaseyourphysicalactivity.Eventhosewhosufferfromhighbloodpressureordiabetescanimprovetheirodds—andminimizeplicationsiftheydohaveastroke—bykeepingtheirillnessundercontrol.Ifyouexperienceanyofthesymptoms,yourfirstcallshouldbetoyourdoctor.Itcouldbethecallthatsavesyourlife.36WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofmini-strokes"AThecauseofthemremainsunidentified.BTheyseldomcausepermanentneurologicaldamage.CTheysymptomsofthemareoftenpassing.DTheyarenotunrelatedtomajorstrokes.37Topreventmini-strokesfromturningintomajorstrokes,itisimportanttoAsavethousandsoflives.Bavoidmajordisability.Cseekpromptmedicaltreatment.DDpreventfutureinjury..z.-38Thepassageindicatesthatthesymptomsofmini-strokesAarealwayseasytospot.Barefrequentlyhardtorecognize.Cusuallylastacoupleofdays.Dcanbynomeansbeavoided.39Allofthefollowingmaybesignsofmini-strokesEXCEPTforAtroubleseeinginoneeye.Bnumbnessintheface.Clossofcoordination.Dsevereheadachecausedbyexternalinjury.40Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmini-strokesareAmoredangerousthanmajorstrokes.Bsilentanddeadly.Cdifficulttocure.Dsuretoleadtomajorstrokes.RoadRoadTripVacationsIt’ssummer.IntheUnitedStates,it’stheseasonofswimmingpools,barbeques,campingandroadtrips.Roadtripvacationswherethecarjourneyispartofthefunareespeciallypopularwithcollegestudents,wholiketoexplorethecountryonwheels.Thesebudgettripsareidealforstudentswhooftenhaveplentyoffreetimebutlittlemoney.EversinceIwenttocollege,I’vebeentravelingaroundalot,exploringthecountry,"saidAustinHawkins,a19-year-oldcollegestudentfromNewYork.Thissummer,HawkinsandhisfriendshavespentweekendstravelinginNewEngland..z.-Thebestpartaboutcartrips,saidHawkins,isthatyoucanbespontaneous."Onaroadtrip,ifyougetinterestedinthingsyouseealongthewayyoucanstopandexplore."MattRoberts,a20-year-oldstudentfromOhiowhodrovetoMontreal,Canada,agrees."Withroadtripsyoudonthavetoplaninadvance,youcanjustgetintoacaranddrive."Evenwithhighgasprices,drivingwithfriendsischeaperthanflying.Robertspaidabout40dollarsforgas,butaroundtripplaneticketwouldhavecostnearly400dollars.Drivingtripsfirstbecamepopularinthe1920s.Newlypavedroadsandimproved,carsmadeitpossibletotravellongerdistances.Motelsstartedappearingoutsidecities.Bythe1950s,carownershipbecamethenorm.ConstructionoftheUSinterstatehighwaysystembeganin1956andmotelandrestaurantchainspoppedup1everywheremakinglongdistancetripseasier.Today,theUShasthehighestcarownershiprateintheworld.Only8percentofAmericanhomeshavenocar,accordingtothemostrecentUScensus.Thoughmanycollegestudentsdon’townacar,mosthaveaccesstoone.OnmanyofHawkins’trips,theyusedaborrowedvan.HawkinsHawkins’mostmemorableroadtriptookplaceoverspringbreak.HeandtwofriendsdrovefromNewYorktoNewOrleanstovolunteer,helpingrebuildthecityafterHurricaneKatrinahititlastJuly.Theycrossedthecountryintwodaysandsleptintheircarinchurchparkinglots.RobertsroadtriptoCanadalastwinterwasevenmoreeventful.UponarrivinginMontreal,theywerelostinablizzardandshiveringinthe-25°cold.Tofindtheirhotel,theyturnedonalaptopanddrovearoundincirclesuntiltheyfoundaspotwithwirelessInternetcoverage."Iknowweshouldhaveplannedbetter,butwe’reyoung.Now,whenIseethoseguysIalwayssay:‘Rememberwhenwewerelostinthesnowstorm!’I’llneverforgetthat."41WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofAmericancollegestudents"ATheyhavelittlemoney.BTheyliketravelingbybike.CTheyliketoexplorethecountry.DTheyoftenhaveplentyoffreetime.42WhatwillHawkinsdowhenheseessomethinginterestingonaroadtrip".z.-AHewillturnback.BHewilldrivearound.CHewillstoptoexplore.DHewillstopexploring.43Whendidmotelssuddenlyappear"AAftertheworktobuildtheinterstatehighwaysystemstarted.BWhendrivingtripsbecamepopular.CAftermanyroadswerepaved.DAfternewcarsweremade.44WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeHawkins’triptoNewOrlends"AAEventful.BBColourful.CDelightful.DUnforgettable.45Thewordblizzardinparagraph12canbereplacedbyAAsnowstorm.BBhurricanECmist.Dfog.LookingtothefutureWhenWhenamagazineforhigh-schoolstudentsaskeditsreaderswhatlifewouldbelikeintwentyyears,theysaid:Machineswouldberunbysolarpower.Buildingswouldrotatesotheycouldfollowthesuntotakemaximumadvantageofitslightandheat.Wallswould"radiatelight〞and"change.z.-colorwiththepushofabutton.〞foodwouldbereplacedbypills.__46__.Carswouldhaveradar.Doesthissoundliketheyear2000"__47__.Thefutureismuchtooimportanttosimplyguessabout,thewaythehighschoolstudentsdid,soexpertsareregularlyaskedtopredictaccurately.__48__.Butcanthey"Oneexpertoncitieswrote:citiesofthefuturewouldnotbecrowded,butwouldhavespaceforfarmsandfields.Peoplewouldtraveltoworkin"airbuses〞,largeall-weatherhelicopterscarryingupto200passengers.Whenapersonlefttheairbusstationhecoulddriveacoin-operatedcarequippedwithradar.Theradarequipmentofcarswouldmaketrafficaccidents"almostunheardof〞.Doesthatsoundfamiliar"Iftheexperthadbeenaccurateitwould,becausehewaswritingin1957.hissubjectwas"ThecityofIftheprofessionalssometimessoundlikehigh-schoolstudents,it’sprobablybecausefuturestudyisstillanewfielDButeconomicforecasting,orpredictingwhattheeconomywilldo,hasbeenaroundforalongtimEItshouldbeaccurate,andgenerallyitis.Buttherehavebeensomebigmistakesinthisfield,too.__49__.InOctoberofthatyear,thestockmarkethaditsworstlossesever,ruiningthousandsofinvestorswhohadputtheirfaithinfinancialforeseers.__50__.In1957,H.J.RandoftheRadCorporationwasaskedabouttheyear2000,"OnlyonethingiscertainheanswereD"Childrenwillhavereachedtheageof43.〞ABycarefullystudyingthepresent,skilledbusinessmenscientists,andpoliticiansaresupposedlyabletofigureoutinadvancewhatwillhappen.BSchoolwouldbetaught"byelectricalimpulsewhilewesleep.〞COneforecasterknewthatpredictionsaboutthefuturewouldalwaysbesubjecttosignificanterrors.DInearly1929,mostforecasterssawanexcellentfutureforthestockmarket.EEveryonemaylooktothefutureforitisalwayspromising.FActually,thearticlewaswrittenin1958andthequestionwas,"whatwilllifebelikeinHappyMarriage,HappyHeartHappilymarriedpeoplehavelowerbloodpressure51unhappilymarriedpeopleorsingles,aBrighamYoungUniversitystudysays.-Ontheotherhand,evenhavingasupportivesocialnetworkdidnottranslateintoabloodpressurebenefitforsinglesorunhappily