外科學(xué)緒論IntroductionofSurgery課件

外科學(xué)緒論

IntroductionofSurgery一、現(xiàn)代外科學(xué)的發(fā)展

DevelopmentofModernSurgery解剖學(xué)AnatomyJohnHunter(1728-1793),thefatherofexperimentalsurgeryandasuperbanatomistandteacher.麻醉AnesthesiaWillamt.G.Morton(1819-1868),aBostondentistwhosesuccessfuldemonstrationofetheranesthesiaonOctober16,1846,attheMassachusettsGneeralHospitalwasalandmarkinthehistoryofsurgery輸血BloodtransfusionRichardLewisohn(1875-1961),asurgeonattheMountSinaiHospital,introducedthemoderntechniqueofbloodtransfusion,developedfromhisdiscoveryofamethodofpreventingcoagulationofthebloodoutsidethebody.KarlLandsteiner(1868-1943),

oneofthefirstscientiststostudythephysicalprocessesofimmunity.Heisbestknownforhisidentificationandcharacterizationofthehumanbloodgroups,A,B,andO.TheodorKocher(1841-1917),professorofsurgeryattheUniversityofBerneandpioneerinthedevelopmentofsurgeryofthethyoid.HereceivedtheNobelPrizein1909.TheodorBillroth(1829-1894),professorattheUniversityofViennaandpioneerabdominalsurgeon,Billrothwasoneofthemostinfluentialteachersofhistime.Innovators&PioneersinSurgeryJohnH.Gibbon(1903-1973),pioneercardiothoracicsurgeonwhodevelopedextracorporealcirculation.AlexisCarrel(1873-1944),anexperimentalsurgeoninterestedinwoundhealing,tissueculture,organtransplantation,andbloodvesselanastomosis.HewasawardedtheNobelPrizein1912.1954二尖瓣分離Commissurotomyofmitralstenosis1958大面積灼傷SevereBurn1963斷肢再植Replantationofcutlimb1977肝移植The1stcaseofLivertransplantation1978心臟移植The1stcaseofHearttransplantation1990s-二醫(yī)外科全面發(fā)展灼傷外科、消化外科、膽胰外科Burnsurg,DigestiveS.,P.Biliary口腔外科、整形外科、小兒心臟外科StomatologicalS.PlasticS.PediatricCardioS.TheroleofSSMUinthedevelopmentofsurgeryinChina二、外科學(xué)范疇

CategoryofSurgery外科疾病分類

ClassificationofSurgicalDiseases1)損傷

Trauma —mechanicalthermal chemical electrical……2)感染

Infection3)腫瘤

NeoplasiaBenign,Malignant4)畸形

Anatomicalabnormalities Congenital,Acquired5)內(nèi)分泌功能失調(diào)Metabolic&Hormonaldisorder6)梗塞與缺血 Infarction&Ischamia7)其它 Others 梗阻 Obstruction 寄生蟲病 Parasitediseases 靜脈曲張 Veinvaricose2)人體解剖系統(tǒng) 骨科 Arthrosteopedicsurgery 頜面外科 Dentofacialsurgery 心胸外科 Cardiothoracicsurgery 泌尿外科 Urologicsurgery 神經(jīng)外科 Neurosurgery 普通外科 Generalsurgery (腹部外科) Abdominalsurgery3)性病性質(zhì)

腫瘤外科 Neoplasticsurgery 急癥外科 Emergencysurgery 創(chuàng)傷外科 Traumasurgery 燒傷外科 Burnsurgery4)手術(shù)方式 整復(fù)外科 Plasticsurgery 顯微外科 Microsurgery 移植外科 Transplantation 微創(chuàng)外科 Minimallyinvasivesurgery5)年齡 小兒外科 PediatricSurgery 成人外科 AdultSurgery6)專業(yè) 婦科 Gynecology 耳鼻喉科 Otolaryngology 眼科 Ophthalmology●外科分子生物學(xué) Surgicalmolecularbiology●外科免疫學(xué) Surgicalimmunology●無菌術(shù) Aseptictechnique●外科水、電解質(zhì)和酸堿平衡 Fluidandelectrolytemanagement andacid-basebalance●輸血 Bloodtransfusion●外科休克 Surgicalshock●外科營養(yǎng) Surgicalnutrition●多器官功能障礙綜合征

Multipleorgandysfunctionsyndrome,MODS●麻醉 Anesthesia●外科重癥監(jiān)測治療 Surgicalintensivecare●心肺腦復(fù)蘇

Brain-cardiopulmonaryResuscitation●疼痛治療

Painmanagement&Analgesia●圍手術(shù)期處理

Paraoperativemanagement●門診外科 Outpatientsurgery●外科感染 Surgicalinfection●腫瘤 Neoplasma三、如何學(xué)習(xí)外科

Howtolearnsurgery●外科醫(yī)師的職業(yè)道德 MoralCharacter●理論聯(lián)系實踐 TheoryandPractice●外科基礎(chǔ) Basictheory Basicknowledge BasictechniqueSpunkoftiger—膽大形象化的要求

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